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Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby
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Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby
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- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{Short description|British peer and politician (1752â1834)}}{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Background and education
Derby was the son of James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange (1716â1771), son of Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby (1689-1776). His mother was Lucy Smith, a daughter and co-heiress of Hugh Smith of Weald Hall, Essex. His father had assumed the additional surname and arms of Smith by private Act of Parliament in 1747.Act (1747) 21 Geo.2 c.4 "Enabling James Stanley, Lord Strange, and his issue to take the surname Smith and to bear the arms of Smith and Heriz" weblink Derby entered Eton College in 1764, proceeding to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1771.{{acad|id=STNY771E|name=Stanley, the Hon. Edward (Smith)}}Political career
Derby was returned to Parliament as one of two representatives for Lancashire in 1774, a seat he held until 1776,WEB,weblink Stanley, Edward, Lord Stanley (1752â1834), History of Parliament Online, 15 November 2017, when he succeeded his grandfather in the earldom and entered the House of Lords.WEB,weblink Person Page, He served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between April and December 1783{{London Gazette |issue=12470 |date=26 August 1783 |page=1 }} in the Fox-North Coalition headed by the Duke of Portland and was sworn into the Privy Council the same year. He remained out of office for the next 23 years but was once again Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1806 and 1807 in the Ministry of All the Talents headed by Lord Grenville.Lord Derby also served as Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire between 1776 and 1834. He was also listed as a subscriber to the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal navigation in 1791.BOOK, A list of the subscribers to the intended Bolton Bury and Manchester Canal Navigation, Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal Company, 1791, Greater Manchester County Records Office, ref. E4/78/419Horse racing
At a dinner party in 1778 held on his estate "The Oaks" in Carshalton, Lord Derby and his friends planned a sweepstake horse race, won the following year by Derby's own horse, Bridget. The race, The Oaks, has been named after the estate since. At a celebration after Bridget's win, a similar race for colts was proposed and Derby tossed a coin with Sir Charles Bunbury for the honour of naming the race. Derby won, and the race became known as the Derby Stakes. Bunbury won the initial race in 1780 with his horse, Diomed; Derby himself won it in 1787 with Sir Peter Teazle.Thoroughbred Heritage: Sir Peter Teazle Retrieved 23 November 2010His racing colours were black with a white cap.JOURNAL, Weatherby, Edward and James, Racing Calendar, Colours worn by the riders of the following noblemen, gentlemen, &c., 1801, 28, 52,weblink His influence on racing has been described as "crucial".BOOK, The Daily Telegraph Chronicle of Horse Racing, Barrett, Norman, Enfield, Middlesex, Guinness Publishing, 1995,Cockfighting and gamefowl
Lord Derby's love for racing was surpassed only by his passion for gamefowl and cockfighting.JOURNAL, The Earl of Derby, Gentleman's Magazine, n.s., 2, 2, December 1834, 644â47,weblink HathiTrust, 2027/njp.32101013596414?urlappend=%3Bseq=670, en, Â As a game fowl breeder, Derby is said to have influenced contemporaries by proving that systematic breeding could be combined with a learned familiarity of one's fowl through daily, attentive care, to increase success.BOOK, Gilbey, Walter, Sport in the olden time., 1912, Vinton, London, 81, 10.5962/bhl.title.30159,weblink BOOK,weblink The Cocker; humbly inscribed to those gentlemen who are amateurs of the Game Cock ... By a Gentleman who has been in the habit of breeding these eight and twenty years [i.e. W. Sketchley]. [With blank forms.], 1814, Burton on Trent; Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown: London, J. Croft, English, 557931720, During his lifetime, Lord Derby established a family of gamefowl, which would remain popular for nearly 200 years after his death.Derby built a cockpit in Preston at his own expense, and fought there or at Liverpool race meets. He and fellow cocker, General Yates, held annual cockfighting contests with regular stakes between 1,000-3,000 guineas to the winner.According to an obituary:For much of his career, Lord Derby employed a top feeder of the time, Paul Potter, to oversee his training. Potter's son handled these duties later in Lord Derby's life, and would, upon Lord Derby's death, receive possession of all Derby's birds, spurs, bags and fighting equipment, including the silk bags used for transporting the fowl, embroidered in Lord Derby's colours with the image of a fighting cock. He is thought to be the last member of the peerage to openly participate in the sport.Family
File:Edward Smith Stanley (1752â1834), Twelfth Earl of Derby, with His First Wife (Lady Elizabeth Hamilton, 1753â1797) and Their Son (Edward Smith Stanley, 1775â1851) MET DP169403.jpg|thumb|right|Edward Smith Stanley, Twelfth Earl of Derby, with His First Wife (Lady Elizabeth Hamilton) and Their Son, portrait painting by Angelica KauffmannAngelica KauffmannLord Derby married Lady Elizabeth, daughter of James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton, on 23 June 1774. They had three children:- Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (21 April 1775 â 30 June 1851); married his cousin Charlotte Margaret Hornby, daughter of Reverend Geoffrey Hornby by his wife, the Hon. Lucy Hornby (née Smith-Stanley)
- Lady Charlotte Stanley (17 October 1776 â 25 November 1805); married her cousin Edmund Hornby, Esq., son of Reverend Geoffrey Hornby by his wife, the Hon. Lucy Hornby (née Smith-Stanley)
- Lady Elizabeth Henrietta Stanley (29 April 1778 â 4 November 1857); married Stephen Thomas Cole, Esq., of Stoke Lyne, Oxfordshire, and Twickenham, and had issue.
- Lady Mary Margaret Stanley (died December 1858); married Thomas Egerton, 2nd Earl of Wilton.
References
File:Peep-at-Christies-Gillray.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|In A Peep at Christies' (1796), James Gillray caricatured Lord Derby (as "Tally-ho") next to his future wife, Elizabeth FarrenElizabeth Farren{{reflist}}Works cited
- BOOK, John, Brooke, Stanley, Edward, Lord Stanley (1752â1834), Lewis, Namier, Lewis Namier, John, Brooke, The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754â1790, Secker & Warburg, London, 3, 1964, 467â8,weblink
- BOOK, Cokayne, George Edward, George Edward Cokayne, Gibbs, Vicary, Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP), Doubleday, H. Arthur, 1916, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant (Dacre to Dysart), 4, 2nd, London, St Catherine Press, 218â9,weblink
- BOOK, Cox, Millard, Derby: the life and times of the 12th Earl of Derby, Edward Smith Stanley (1752â1834) founder of the two world famous horse races, the Derby and the Oaks, London, J. A. Allan, 1974, 0851311997,
- {{ODNBweb |first=Alan G. |last=Crosby |title=Stanley, Edward Smith, twelfth earl of Derby (1752â1834) |year=2004 |edition=online |id=47080 }}
- ODNB, Thomson, Peter, Farren, Elizabeth [married name Elizabeth Smith Stanley, countess of Derby] (1759x62â1829), 9191, 2004,
Further reading
- BOOK, J. J., Bagley, The Earls of Derby, 1485â1985,weblink registration, London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985, 0283991526, 143â54,
- BOOK, Peter Edmund, Stanley, The House of Stanley: the history of an English family from the 12th century, Edinburgh, Pentland Press, 1998, 1858215781,
External links
- {{Hansard-contribs | mr-edward-smith-stanley | the Earl of Derby }}
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