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Dazed and Confused (song)
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{Short description|1967 song by Jake Holmes}}{{For|the 2018 song by Ruel|Dazed & Confused (Ruel song)}}{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
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| type = song
| file = Jakeholmesdazedandconfused.ogg
}}}}"Dazed and Confused" is a song written by American singer-songwriter Jake Holmes in 1967. Performed in a folk rock-style, he recorded it for his debut album "The Above Ground Sound" of Jake Holmes. Although some concluded that it was about a bad acid trip, Holmes insists the lyrics refer to the effects of a girl's indecision on ending a relationship.After hearing Holmes perform the song in August 1967, English rock group the Yardbirds reworked it with a new arrangement. It soon became a centerpiece of their tours, several recordings of which have been released, including on Yardbirds '68, produced by guitarist Jimmy Page.In 1968 "Dazed and Confused", with new lyrics and vocal line, was recorded by Page's new group for their debut album, Led Zeppelin. It became a signature song and concert staple for much of the group's career. Holmes attempted to contact Page in the 1980s regarding the songwriting credit, but received no response. In 2010, Holmes filed a lawsuit and the matter was settled out of court, with the credit on Led Zeppelin releases being changed to "Jimmy Page, inspired by Jake Holmes".| file = Jakeholmesdazedandconfused.ogg
Background and composition
Jake Holmes began his music career in the early 1960s, and recorded and performed with several different groups.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=92}} He was influenced by psychedelic rock and groups such as the Byrds and the Blues Project, and wrote "Dazed and Confused" in a similar style with a blues influence.WEB,weblink Jake Holmes: Artist Bio, classicmusicvault.com, April 23, 2017, December 6, 2019,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20191206171525weblink">weblink dead, In early{{nbsp}}1967, he recorded the song for his debut solo album "The Above Ground Sound" of Jake Holmes, as a trio of acoustic guitar, electric guitar, and bass. On July 10, it was released on the Tower Records label.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=92}}The arrangement is a modular dirge in the key of E minorWEB,weblink Chords in the key of E minor natural, www.guitar-chords.org.uk, en, April 24, 2017, built on a descending chromatic bass line alternating between the 3rd (E-G-F#-F-E) and the 7th (E-D-C#-C-B).WEB,weblink Dazed and Confused, Aaron Krerowicz, 17 February 2018, Holmes' singing has been described as "pained", and the lyrics ("you're out to get me/you're on the right track") and ("I'm being abused/I'm better off dead"), coupled with the arrangement led some people to think the song was about a bad acid trip. However, Holmes said it was a song about a girl.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}}In August 1967, Holmes opened for the Yardbirds at a Greenwich Village gig in New York. According to Holmes, "That was the infamous moment of my life when 'Dazed and Confused' fell into the loving arms and hands of Jimmy Page."{{sfn|Russo|2016|pp=89, 92}} He was aware of the song appearing on Led Zeppelin's eponymous debut album less than two years later, but did not take any action at the time. In the early 1980s, he wrote to the group and asked for a co-credit, but received no reply.In June 2010, Holmes sued Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page for copyright infringement, claiming to be the author of "Dazed and Confused" In court documents, he cited a 1967 copyright registration for the song, which was renewed in 1995.NEWS, Michaels, Sean,weblink Led Zeppelin sued for alleged plagiarism of Dazed and Confused, London, The Guardian, June 30, 2010, On January 17, 2012, the case was "dismissed with prejudice"{{efn|name="Prejudice"|"Dismissed with prejudice" signifies that the plaintiff/litigant (Holmes in this case) is permanently barred from filing another case on the same claim.}} after the parties reached an undisclosed settlement out of court.WEB,weblink Order Dismissing Action With Prejudice, Gee, Federal Judge Dolly, January 17, 2012, Justia.com,weblink April 8, 2017, April 16, 2017, bot: unknown,The Yardbirds
Background
By late 1966, English rock group the Yardbirds had moved away from recording hit singles towards regular touring. In July 1967, they began their second tour of the US as a quartet, with Jimmy Page as the sole guitarist.{{sfn|Clayson|2002|pp=183â187}} The group performed at more countercultural venues, such as the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco.{{sfn|Power|2016|loc=eBook}} Their sets became more varied with extended medleys{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=115}} and featured guitar instrumentals by Page, such as "White Summer" and "Glimpses".{{sfn|Tolinski|2012|loc=eBook}}On August 25, 1967, the group headlined at the Village Theater in New York City, with opening acts the Youngbloods and Jake Holmes.{{sfn|Clayson|2002|p=187}} Yardbirds drummer Jim McCarty was the only Yardbird to catch Holmes' performance.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}}{{efn|Several music writers indicate that the Yardbirds heard Holmes perform "Dazed and Confused" at the Cafe au Go Go and/or the Bitter End in New York's Greenwich Village, where he was playing around the same time.{{sfn|Hulett|Prochnicky|2011|p=33}}{{sfn|Davis|1985|p=34}}{{sfn|Colby|Fitzpatrick|2002|p=106}}}} He liked "Dazed and Confused" and bought the album the next day, subsequently playing it to the rest of the band. They reworked the song, focusing the arrangements based on the descending bass line. Page added additional guitar riffs in the middle of the song.{{sfn|Wall|2008|p=63}}{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}}Composition
The Yardbirds began to develop a new arrangement for "Dazed and Confused" while still on tour in the U.S.{{sfn|Shadwick|2005|p=20}} Holmes' brooding atmosphere and descending bass line were retained, as well as most of the lyrics.{{sfn|Shadwick|2005|p=20}} Page doubled the bass line, echoing Holmes' live performances with two acoustic guitarists.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}} However, propelled by drums and an overdriven Fender Telecaster,{{sfn|Power|2016|loc=eBook}} the song quickly took on a new, distinctly non-folk sound.{{sfn|Hulett|Prochnicky|2011|p=33}}Singer Keith Relf initially followed Holmes' verses, but later often changed the order or mixed lines from different verses.{{sfn|Clayson|2006|p=162}} Led Zeppelin biographer Mick Wall feels that Relf only "slightly altered" the lyrics,{{sfn|Wall|2008|p=63}} while Page biographer Martin Power credits Relf with "writing new lyrics".{{sfn|Power|2016|loc=eBook}} Yardbirds chronicler Greg Russo describes that gradually the song "moved from Holmes' original lyrics to an alternate set of lyrics that combined words from Jake Holmes and Keith Relf."{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}}The Yardbirds' major innovations were the instrumental breaks and an extended instrumental middle section.{{sfn|Fast|2001|p=21}} Writer-educator Susan Fast describes the breaks, appearing between the verses and after Page's solo, as "a detail that contributes significantly to the drama of the piece, creating enormous tension at the end of each verse before moving on to the next.{{sfn|Fast|2001|p=21}}It begins with a bowed electric guitar phrasings by Page, answered by vocal and harmonica interjections by Relf. Page attributed the idea of using a violin bow on the guitar to a suggestion from violinist David McCallum, Sr., whom he met in his pre-Yardbirds days as a session musician.{{sfn|Welch|1998|p=23}} The bowed section gives way to Page's riff-laden guitar solo, propelled by a bass ostinato and fast driving 4/4-meter.{{sfn|Fast|2001|pp=22â23}} The song returns to the slow tempo 12/8 verse structure before the coda.{{sfn|Fast|2001|p=23}} The Yardbirds' new arrangement, contributed by the four members, soon amounted to a major reworking of Holmes' original piece.{{sfn|Power|2016|loc=eBook}} Bassist Chris Dreja later said, "We found it, arranged it and played it. In a way, it was a great epitaph, because we were feeling very dazed and confused about what the hell was going on!"{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}}Performances
"Dazed and Confused" was a regular part of the Yardbirds' performances during their final tours in 1967 and 1968.{{sfn|Wall|2008|p=63}}{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=89}}{{sfn|Shadwick|2005|p=20}}{{sfn|Hulett|Prochnicky|2011|p=33}} The song debuted during their short US tour in late 1967, which included a date at the Village Theater.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=94}} When they returned to England, the group performed a nine-minute version in January 1968, around the time the full quartet recorded their last single, "Think About It".{{sfn|Russo|Paytress|2011|loc=Disc 4 back cover}}{{efn|For the A-side, "Goodnight Sweet Josephine", producer Mickie Most replaced Dreja and McCarty with studio musicians Clem Cattini (drums), John Paul Jones (bass) and Nicky Hopkins (piano).}} On March 5â6, the Yardbirds performed "Dazed and Confused" for BBC Radio.{{sfn|Russo|Paytress|2011|loc=Disc 5 back cover}} In his Led Zeppelin biography When Giants Walked the Earth, Wall notes that the relatively concise 5:48 version "sounds almost identical musically to the number Page would take credit for on the first Zeppelin album".{{sfn|Wall|2008|p=63}} (Led Zeppelin's studio version lasts 6:28.) Another short (5:46) performance was filmed by French television on March 9 for Bouton Rouge.{{sfn|Russo|Paytress|2011|loc=Disc 4 back cover}} AllMusic critic Bruce Eder notes it "comes off much better than the official{{sic}} Anderson Theater version from later the same month."{{AllMusic| class = album| id = mw0000110306| tab = review| label = The Yardbirds: Cumular Limit â Review| last = Eder| first = Bruce| access-date = April 25, 2017}}On March 28, 1968, the Yardbirds returned to New York to begin their final US tour.{{sfn|Clayson|2002|p=191}} Before their March 30 concert at the Anderson Theater, representatives from Epic Records, the group's American label, informed them that it was going to be recorded for a live album.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=99}} The group felt that it was not sufficiently prepared, but proceeded, with "Dazed and Confused" as their third number.{{sfn|Russo|2016|pp=99, 212}} Disappointed with the playbacks, the Yardbirds rejected any idea of releasing the recordings as a live album.{{sfn|Russo|2016|p=99}} However, after Page's rise to fame in Led Zeppelin, Epic released the album in 1971, with "Dazed and Confused" retitled "I'm Confused" (with no composer credit or performance rights organization).{{sfn|Kaye|1971|loc=Record label and back cover}} (Within a week, Page responded with an injunction, which prevented further sales of the album.{{sfn|Russo|2016|pp=99, 102}}) Although the recording and the group's performance is a bit rough, in a review Eder singled out the song as "something new, a slow blues as dark, forbidding, and intense as anything that the band ever cut â it showed where Page, if not his band, was heading."{{AllMusic| class = album| id = mw0000099917| tab = review| label = Live Yardbirds Featuring Jimmy Page â Review| last = Eder| first = Bruce| access-date = April 25, 2017}} In 2017, Page remixed the Anderson Theater recordings and the song (with the correct title) was issued on Yardbirds '68.{{sfn|Alexander|2017|p=}}Recordings and releases
The Yardbirds never attempted to record the piece in the studio.{{sfn|Shadwick|2005|p=20}} However, Page used an abbreviated version of his guitar solo from "Dazed and Confused" for the middle-section guitar solo of "Think About It".{{sfn|Hulett|Prochnicky|2011|p=33}}Several live recordings of "Dazed and Confused" are in release. If the song was introduced, it was announced as "Dazed and Confused" â it is unknown why Epic re-titled it "I'm Confused".{{sfn|Power|2016|p=414}}- Unknown venue, England (January 1968) â Glimpses 1963â1968, released 2011{{sfn|Russo|Paytress|2011|loc=Disc 4 back cover}}
- BBC Radio broadcast, England (March 5â6, 1968) â Glimpses 1963â1968, released 2011{{sfn|Russo|Paytress|2011|loc=Disc 5 back cover}}
- Bouton Rouge television broadcast, France (March 9, 1968) â Cumular Limit, released 2000
- Anderson Theatre, New York City (March 30, 1968) â (Live Yardbirds: Featuring Jimmy Page), released 1971, Yardbirds '68 (2017){{sfn|Alexander|2017|p=}}
- Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles (May 31 & June 1, 1968) â Last Rave-Up in L.A.
Led Zeppelin
factoids | |
---|---|
- Hard rock{{sfn|Bashe|1985|p=18|ps=: "Included was 'I'm Confused', which would appear on the first Led Zeppelin album as 'Dazed and Confused', a hard-rock classic."}}{{sfn|Case|2009|p=125}}WEB,weblink Richie, Unterberger, Richie Unterberger, Jake Holmes: 'Dazed and Confused'{{snd, Review |website= AllMusic |quote='Dazed and Confused' is the name of an extremely popular hard rock song by Led Zeppelin on their debut album. |access-date= April 10, 2014}}
- heavy metalBOOK, Martin, Popoff, Martin Popoff, 2003, The Top 500 Heavy Metal Songs of All Time,
- acid rock{{sfn|Case|2011|p=65|ps=: "Acid rock doesn't come any more acidic than this."}}
Live performances
"Dazed and Confused" was the most regularly performed song by Led Zeppelin, appearing at over 400 concerts.{{sfn|Popoff|2018|p=23}} It was played on every tour up to and including their 1975 shows at Earls Court. It was greatly expanded to include more improvisation, including short portions of other songs, and live performances could exceed 30 minutes. It was subsequently removed from their live set, although Page continued to perform parts of the bowed guitar segment during solo spots on subsequent tours, as preludes to "Achilles Last Stand" (1977 tour) and "In the Evening" (Knebworth 1979 and Tour Over Europe 1980).{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=46}} It was part of the group's set at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert on December 10, 2007.{{Allmusic |class=album |id=mw0002423203 |title=Celebration Day â Album review |first=Stephen Thomas |last= Erlewine |access-date=24 October 2019}}A live version of "Dazed and Confused" recorded July 1973 at New York's Madison Square Garden was featured in the 1976 Led Zeppelin concert film The Song Remains the Same.{{sfn|Lewis|1990|p=59}} Other live recordings are found on the following official releases:- Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions (1997), two versions from 1969 and 1971.{{AllMusic|class=album|id=mw0000028731|title= Led Zeppelin - BBC Sessions|first=Stephen Thomas |last= Erlewine |access-date=2 July 2020}}
- Led Zeppelin DVD (2003), three versions filmed, March 17, 1969 (Gladsaxe Teen Club, Denmark), March 25, 1969 (Staines Studio, London), June 19, 1969 (Olympia Theatre, Paris) and January 9, 1970 (Royal Albert Hall, London){{sfn|Bream|2010|pp=277-278}}
- How the West Was Won (2003), recorded June 25, 1972 (LA Forum){{sfn|Bream|2010|p=276}}
- Celebration Day (2012), recorded at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute.
- Led Zeppelin (Deluxe Edition) remastered series (2014), recorded at the Paris Olympia and released as a companion disc to the studio remaster.{{Allmusic|class=album|id=mr0004121585|title=Led Zeppelin [Deluxe Edition]|first=Stephen Thomas |last= Erlewine |access-date=2 July 2020}}
Accolades{|class"wikitable sortable"
Personnel
According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin:{{sfn|Guesdon|Margotin|2018|p=64}}- Robert Plant â vocals
- Jimmy Page â guitars, bow
- John Paul Jones â bass, organ
- John Bohnam â drums
See also
Notes
Footnotes{{Notelist}}Citations{{Reflist|20em}}References- AV MEDIA NOTES, Yardbirds '68, The Yardbirds, 2017, Alexander, Phil, Album notes, JimmyPage.com, JPRLPCD3,
- BOOK, Bashe, Philip, 1985, Heavy Metal Thunder: The Music, Its History, Its Heroes, Doubleday (publisher), Doubleday, 978-1-61579-045-6,
- BOOK, Bream, John, Whole Lotta Led Zeppelin: The Illustrated History of the Heaviest Band of All Time, Voyageur Press, 2010, 978-0-760-33955-8,
- BOOK, Case, George, Jimmy Page: Magus, Musician, Man â An Unauthorized Biography, 2009, New York City, Hal Leonard, 978-0-87930-947-3,
- BOOK, Case, George, Led Zeppelin FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Greatest Hard Rock Band of All Time, 2011, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Backbeat Books, 978-1-61713-025-0,
- BOOK, Clayson, Alan, The Yardbirds, San Francisco, Backbeat Books, 2002, 0-87930-724-2,
- BOOK, Clayson, Alan, Led Zeppelin: The Origin of the Species: How, Why and Where It All Began, Chrome Dreams, 1st., 2006, 1-84240-345-1,
- BOOK, Colby, Paul, Fitzpatrick, Martin, 2002, The Bitter End: Hanging Out at America's Nightclub, Lanham, Maryland, Rowman & Littlefield, 978-0815412069,
- BOOK, Davis, Stephen, Stephen Davis (music journalist), 1985, Hammer of the Gods (book), New York City, Ballantine Books, 0-345-33516-3,
- BOOK, Fast, Susan, 2001, In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music, Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 978-0198033592,
- BOOK, Jean-Michel, Guesdon, Philippe, Margotin, 2018, Led Zeppelin All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track, Running Press, 978-0-316-448-67-3,
- BOOK, Hulett, Ralph, Prochnicky, Jerry, Whole Lotta Led: Our Flight with Led Zeppelin, 2011, New York City
Kensington Books>Kensington Publishing, 978-0806535555, - AV MEDIA NOTES, (Live Yardbirds: Featuring Jimmy Page), The Yardbirds, 1971, Kaye, Lenny, Lenny Kaye, Album notes, Epic Records, E 30615, New York City, 33891308,
- BOOK, Dave, Lewis, 1990, Led Zeppelin : A Celebration, Omnibus Press, 978-0-711-92416-1, registration,weblink
- BOOK, Lewis, Dave, 2004, The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, 0-7119-3528-9,
- BOOK, Popoff, Martin, Led Zeppelin: All the Albums, All the Songs, Expanded Edition, Voyageur Press, 2018, 978-0-760-36377-5,
- BOOK, Power, Martin, No Quarter: The Three Lives of Jimmy Page, 2016, London, Omnibus Press, 978-1783235360,
- BOOK, Russo, Greg, Yardbirds: The Ultimate Rave-Up, 2016, 1998, Floral Park, New York, Crossfire Publications, 978-0-9791845-7-4,
- AV MEDIA NOTES, Glimpses 1963â1968, The Yardbirds, 2011, Greg, Russo, Mark, Paytress, Boxed set booklet, United Kingdom, Easy Action, 811355562, EARS 035,
- BOOK, Shadwick, Keith, Led Zeppelin: The Story of a Band and Their Music 1968â1980, 2005, 1st, San Francisco, Backbeat Books, 0-87930-871-0, registration,weblink
- BOOK, Tolinski, Brad, Brad Tolinski, Light and Shade: Conversations with Jimmy Page, 2012, Crown Publishing Group, 978-0-307-98573-6,
- BOOK, Wall, Mick, Mick Wall, When Giants Walked the Earth: A Biography of Led Zeppelin, 2008, New York City, St. Martin's Griffin, 978-0-312-59039-0, When Giants Walked the Earth: A Biography of Led Zeppelin,
- BOOK, Welch, Chris, Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song, 1998, New York City, Thunder's Mouth Press, 1-56025-818-7,
External links
{{The Yardbirds}}{{Led Zeppelin songs}}{{Led Zeppelin}}{{authority control}}
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