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{{short description|Part of a plant producing and containing male gametes}}(File:NSRW Antheridium of Liverwort.png|alt=Here is a diagram of antheridium structure in a liverwort, which is representative of most antheridia structures throughout species. It is a thin cellular layer that encapsulates many sperm cells.|thumb|General structure of antheridia. Antheridia consist of a thin cellular layer that holds many sperm inside. Here, the diagram of a liverwort antheridium is shown.)An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperm). The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium.{{citation |title=Generic concepts within hornworts: Historical review, contemporary insights and future directions |author=D. Christine Cargill |author2=Karen S. Renzaglia |author3=Juan Carlos Villarreal |author4=R. Joel Duff |name-list-style=amp |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |volume=18 |pages=7–16 |year=2005 |doi=10.1071/sb04012}} Androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.Antheridia are present in the gametophyte phase of cryptogams like bryophytes and ferns.JOURNAL, Voeller, Bruce, 1971, Developmental Physiology of Fern Gametophytes: Relevance for Biology,weblink BioScience, 21, 6, 266–270, 10.2307/1295968, 1295968, JSTOR, Many algae and some fungi, for example ascomycetes and water moulds, also have antheridia during their reproductive stages. In gymnosperms and angiosperms, the male gametophytes have been reduced to pollen grains and in most of these the antheridia have been reduced to a single generative cell within the pollen grain. During pollination, this generative cell divides and gives rise to sperm cells.The female counterpart to the antheridium in cryptogams is the archegonium, and in flowering plants is the gynoecium.An antheridium typically consists of sterile cells and spermatogenous tissue. The sterile cells may form a central support structure or surround the spermatogenous tissue as a protective jacket. The spermatogenous cells give rise to spermatids via mitotic cell division. In some bryophytes, the antheridium is borne on an antheridiophore, a stalk-like structure that carries the antheridium at its apex.{{Citation|last=Shimamura|first=Masaki|date=2016-02-01|title=Marchantia polymorpha: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Morphology of a Model System|url=https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/57/2/230/2460945/Marchantia-polymorpha-Taxonomy-Phylogeny-and#41305768|journal=Plant and Cell Physiology|language=en|volume=57|issue=2|pages=230–256|doi=10.1093/pcp/pcv192|pmid=26657892|issn=0032-0781|doi-access=free}}

Gallery

File:Chara contraria oogon.jpeg|Oogonium (larger) and antheridium (with red centre) of the alga Chara, produced on the stem of a plantFile:Hypnum cupressiforme perichaetialblaetter.jpeg|{{center|Magnified view of developing antheridia in Hypnum cupressiforme}}File:Antheridia polytrichum.jpg|"Moss flowers": each shoot has a cluster of antheridia, i.e., an androecium.File:Marchantia polymorpha male.jpg|Sperm of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha are produced on the upper surface of antheridiophores.File:Marchantia antheridium mosbo6.jpg|Cross-sectional micrograph of the antheridial head of Marchantia sp., showing antheridia containing spermatogenous tissue.File:Equisetum Antheridia.jpg|Antheridium (indicated by the red box) of an Equisetum sp.

See also

• Hornworts have antheridia, in some cases arranged within androecia.
• Microsporangia produce spores that give rise to male gametophytes.

References

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Further reading

• C.Michael Hogan. 2010. weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111109071540weblink">Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. National council for Science and the Environment. Washington, DC

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