{{Short description|Family of true bugs}}{{Automatic taxobox|image = Acanthosomatidae_sizes.jpg|image_caption = Acanthosomatidae - relative sizes|taxon = Acanthosomatidae

Victor Antoine Signoret>Signoret, 1864|subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies|subdivision =Acanthosomatinae Blaudusinae Ditomotarsinae}}File:HEMI Acanthosomatidae Oncacontias vittatus f.png|right|thumb|Oncacontias vittatus Oncacontias vittatusAcanthosomatidae is a family of Hemiptera, commonly named "shield bugs" or "stink bugs". Kumar in his 1974 world revision recognized 47 genera;JOURNAL, Kumar, R., 1974, A revision of world Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae): Keys to and descriptions of subfamilies, tribes and genera, with designation of types,weblink Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series, en, 22, 34, 1â€“60, 10.1071/ajzs034, now this number is 55 genera, with about 200 species, and it is one of the least diverse families within Pentatomoidea.FaÃºndez, E. I. 2009. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Acrophyma Bergroth, 1917 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). Zootaxa. 2137: 57-65JOURNAL, FaÃºNdez, Eduardo I., 2014-02-28, A new genus for a Chilean species of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera),weblink Zootaxa, 3768, 5, 596â€“600, 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.5.7, 24871197, 1175-5334, The Acanthosomatidae species are found throughout the world, being most abundant in high-latitude temperate regions and in subtropical regions at high altitudes.JOURNAL, Thomas, Donald B., 1991, The Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera) of North America,weblink The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 67, 3, 159â€“â€“170, One of the most well-known species in Acanthosomatidae is the hawthorn shield bug (Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale), which is found throughout Europe and also northern Siberia; this species is typically green or brown in color and has a distinctive shape with two projections on its thorax. It feeds on a variety of plants, including hawthorn, rowan, and cherry.
Description
Acanthosomatidae have heads that are keeled laterally and possess a pair of 5-segmented antennae. The mesosternum has a strongly projecting keel. The tarsi of the legs are 2-segmented. The second visible abdominal sternite has an elongate spine that projects forwards. The spiracles of the second abdominal segment are concealed by the metapleura. Abdominal sternite III has paired trichobothria. In males, sternite VIII is exposed and there is a specialised genital capsule. In females, one or two pairs of Pendergrast's organs are present in the abdomen (sometimes absent, e.g. Elasmucha) and sternite VII has an emarginate posterior margin.WEB, Family ACANTHOSOMATIDAE,weblink 2023-10-30, biodiversity.org.au, en, In general appearance, Acanthosomatidae are similar to Pentatomidae. Various sources distinguish them based on the number of tarsal segments being 2 in acanthosomatids and 3 in pentatomids.BOOK, LariviÃ¨re, M-C,weblink Fauna of New Zealand 35: Cydnidae, Acanthosomatidae, and Pentatomidae (Insecta: Heteroptera): systematics, geographical distribution, and bioecology, 1995, Manaaki Whenua Press, 10.7931/j2/fnz.35, JOURNAL, Paiero, S. M., Marshall, S. A., McPherson, J. E., Ma, M.-S., 2013, Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the fauna,weblink Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 24, 10.3752/cjai.2013.24, free, However, some pentatomids have 2-segmented tarsi as well.JOURNAL, Rider, D. A., 2000-07-01, Stirotarsinae, New Subfamily for Stirotarsus abnormis Bergroth (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae),weblink Annals of the Entomological Society of America, en, 93, 4, 802â€“806, 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0802:SNSFSA]2.0.CO;2, 85843310,
Ecology
Acanthosomatidae are mostly herbivores on trees and shrubs. Host plants include Ficus, Hakea, Carex, Juncus, Cladium and Dactylis. There are also records of predation (including cannibalism) and scavenging on carrion.
Maternal care
Many species have females which take care of their offspring, guarding the eggs and nymphs. In these species, the Pendergrast's organs are absent or reduced and non-functional. Other species have a more limited form of care: females smear their eggs with secretions from the Pendergrast's organs (which may repel predators and parasitoids), then abandon the eggs. Egg smearing is the ancestral behaviour.JOURNAL, Tsai, Jing-Fu, Kudo, Shin-ichi, Yoshizawa, Kazunori, 2015, Maternal care in Acanthosomatinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)â€”correlated evolution with morphological change, BMC Evolutionary Biology, en, 15, 1, 258, 10.1186/s12862-015-0537-4, 1471-2148, 4653913, 26586480, 2015BMCEE..15..258T, free,
Genera
Examples of genera and species:

Acanthosoma Curtis, 1824

Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (Linnaeus, 1758) â€” Hawthorn shield bug
Acanthosoma labiduroides Jakovlev, 1880 â€” Green shield bug

Cyphostethus Fieber, 1860

Cyphostethus tristriatus â€” Juniper shield bug

Elasmostethus Fieber, 1860

Elasmostethus interstinctus â€” Birch shield bug
Elasmostethus minor

Elasmucha StÃ¥l, 1864

Elasmucha cordillera Thomas, 1991
Elasmucha ferrugata (Fabricius, 1787)
Elasmucha fieberi (Jakovlev, 1864)
Elasmucha flammatum (Distant, 1893)
Elasmucha grisea (Linnaeus, 1758) â€” Parent bug
Elasmucha lateralis (Say, 1831)

Eupolemus
Oncacontias Breddin, 1903

File:HEMI Acanthosomatidae Rhopalimorpha lineolaris last instar.png|thumb|Rhopalimorpha lineolaris Rhopalimorpha lineolarisOncacontias vittatus â€” Forest shield bug

File:Acanthosoma_haemorrhoidale01.jpg|Acanthosoma haemorrhoidaleFile:Bunte_Blattwanze_Elasmostethus_interstinctus.jpg|Elasmostethus interstinctusFile:Cyphostethus_tristriatus01.jpg|Cyphostethus tristriatusFile:Elasmucha_grisea01.jpg|Elasmucha griseaFile:Elasmucha ferrugata wwalas 1.jpg|Elasmucha ferrugata
References
{{Reflist}}{{Hemiptera|3}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2301203}}{{Authority control}}

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