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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}(File:2011 Italian referendums.jpg|thumb|250px|2011 Italian referendums)A nationwide abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 and 13 June 2011, on four questions concerning the repeal of recent laws regarding the privatisation of water services (two questions), a return to the nuclear energy which had been phased out after the 1987 referendum, and criminal procedure, specifically a provision exempting the Prime Minister and the Ministers from appearing in court. The first aim of those campaigning for a yes vote was to ensure that the quorum (50% + 1) of the electorate was reached.NEWS, Italy elections: Berlusconi losing grasp on power,www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/05/31/MNH81JNJEA.DTL, San Francisco Chronicle, 3 June 2011, Jeffrey, Donovan, Lorenzo, Totaro, 1 June 2011, Collecting the needed 500,000 signatures started in April 2010. In two months che signatures deposited where 1,4 milion. The Italian Supreme Court (Court of Cassation) validated two questions about water issues in January 2011 and ruled the referendum to be held on 12–13 June 2011.WEB,www.epsu.org/article/referendum-water-privatisation-italy, Referendum on water privatisation in Italy, 17 January 2011, www.epsu.org/,www.epsu.org/article/referendum-water-privatisation-italy," title="web.archive.org/web/20170721015335www.epsu.org/article/referendum-water-privatisation-italy,">web.archive.org/web/20170721015335www.epsu.org/article/referendum-water-privatisation-italy, 21 July 2017, 19 January 2022, WEB,www.blogeko.it/2010/primo-maggio-inizia-la-raccolta-firme-per-il-referendum-contro-il-nucleare/, Primo maggio, inizia la raccolta firme per il referendum contro il nucleare, 1 May 2010, www.blogeko.it, IT,web.archive.org/web/20100509033343/https://www.blogeko.it/2010/primo-maggio-inizia-la-raccolta-firme-per-il-referendum-contro-il-nucleare/, 9 May 2010, 19 January 2022, The Italians with the right to vote numbered 47,118,352 (22,604,349 men and 24,514,003 women), in addition to 3,300,496 Italians resident abroad. In order for the quorum to be reached, at least 25.209.425 votes for each question had to be cast.WEB, Referendum – Ministero dell’Interno,referendum.interno.it/RF000.htm, 10 October 2011, dead,referendum.interno.it/RF000.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110928052803referendum.interno.it/RF000.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110928052803referendum.interno.it/RF000.htm, 28 September 2011, referendum.interno.it, Turnout, while below general election records, was higher than it had been for any referendum since 1995; on 12 June 2011, turnout had reached 11.64% at midday,WEB,www.salernonotizie.it/notizia.asp?ID=17052,www.salernonotizie.it/notizia.asp?ID=17052," title="web.archive.org/web/20111108142605www.salernonotizie.it/notizia.asp?ID=17052,">web.archive.org/web/20111108142605www.salernonotizie.it/notizia.asp?ID=17052, la notizia � stata spostata o eliminatadal Database, 8 November 2011, 12 June 2011, salernonotizie.it, and 30.32% at 19.00, indicating that the necessary quorum would likely be reached.WEB,www.ilsalvagente.it/Sezione.jsp?titolo=Referendum,%20l%27Italia%20ci%20crede:%20alle%2019%20affluenza%20sopra%20il%2030%&idSezione=11117, L’affluenza alle 19, 12 June 2011,www.ilsalvagente.it/Sezione.jsp?titolo=Referendum,%20l%27Italia%20ci%20crede:%20alle%2019%20affluenza%20sopra%20il%2030%&idSezione=11117," title="web.archive.org/web/20110726052648www.ilsalvagente.it/Sezione.jsp?titolo=Referendum,%20l%27Italia%20ci%20crede:%20alle%2019%20affluenza%20sopra%20il%2030%&idSezione=11117,">web.archive.org/web/20110726052648www.ilsalvagente.it/Sezione.jsp?titolo=Referendum,%20l%27Italia%20ci%20crede:%20alle%2019%20affluenza%20sopra%20il%2030%&idSezione=11117, 26 July 2011, dead, When polls closed on 13 June 2011, turnout was 56.9%, with clear majorities of 94.6% to 96.1% in favour on all questions,WEB,www.repubblica.it/static/speciale/2011/referendum/index.html, Referendum popolare 12–13 giugno 2011 – la Repubblica.it, meaning that about 53,8% to 54,7% of electorate approved them. Silvio Berlusconi, the then-Prime Minister, implicitly invited to boycott the vote in the hope that the required quorum would not be met.NEWS, Di Caro Paola,archiviostorico.corriere.it/2000/maggio/12/Referendum_Berlusconi_per_astensione_co_0_0005126818.shtml, Referendum, Berlusconi per l’astensione, 12 May 2000, il Corriere della Sera, 9 August 2014, it,

Position of main political parties

Parties with parliamentary representation

{| class=“wikitable“!colspan=2|Party || 1st question || 2nd question || 3rd question || 4th question || Source

	Alliance for Italy >						PUBLISHER=ALLEANZA PER L’ITALIA	URL-STATUS=DEAD	ARCHIVE-DATE=3 SEPTEMBER 2011,

Future and Freedom}}” |	Future and Freedom >						PUBLISHER=FUTURO E LIBERTÃ		WORK=IL MESSAGGERO	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110930214943/HTTP://WWW.ILMESSAGGERO.IT/ARTICOLO_APP.PHP?ID=38930&SEZ=HOME_INITALIA&NPL=&DESC_SEZ=	URL-STATUS=DEAD,

Italy of Values}}” |	Italy of Values >						PUBLISHER=ITALIA DEI VALORI	URL-STATUS=DEAD	ARCHIVE-DATE=3 JUNE 2011,

Lega Nord}}” |	Lega Nord >				|

Movement for Autonomies}}” |	Movement for Autonomies >						PUBLISHER=MOVIMENTO PER LE AUTONOMIE	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110807171904/HTTP://WWW.MPA-SICILIA.IT/ARTICOLO.PHP?AID=791	URL-STATUS=DEAD,

Democratic Party (Italy)}}” |	Democratic Party (Italy)>Democratic Party	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	CARTOLINA REFERENDUM>URL=HTTP://BETA.PARTITODEMOCRATICO.IT/DOC/209394/CARTOLINA-REFERENDUM.HTM	PARTITO DEMOCRATICO>ACCESS-DATE=3 JUNE 2011	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110531232614/HTTP://BETA.PARTITODEMOCRATICO.IT/DOC/209394/CARTOLINA-REFERENDUM.HTM, 31 May 2011,

The People of Freedom}}” |	The People of Freedom >						ACCESS-DATE=3 JUNE 2011	IL SECOLO XIX>DATE=JUNE 2011	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110724083246/HTTP://WWW.ILSECOLOXIX.IT/P/POL/2011/06/01/AOCMQDY-NUCLEARE.SHTML, dead,

	Italian Radicals >						PUBLISHER=RADICALI ITALIANI	URL-STATUS=DEAD	ARCHIVE-DATE=28 MAY 2011,

	South Tyrolean People’s Party >						PUBLISHER=SüDTIROLER VOLKSPARTEI	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20110613162412/HTTP://WWW.SVPARTEI.ORG/DE/THEMEN/51.HTML	URL-STATUS=DEAD,

Union of the Centre (2002)}}” |	Union of the Centre (2002)>Union of the Centre	No	No	ND	Yes	REFERENDUM: CESA, BISOGNA ANDARE A VOTARE>URL=HTTP://WWW.UDC-ITALIA.IT/NEWS/SCHEDAREADER.ASPX?TYPEID=3&ID=96250	ACCESS-DATE=3 JUNE 2011	ARCHIVE-DATE=30 SEPTEMBER 2011, dead,

ND = no direction.

High offices of the Republic

The President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano declared he would take part to the referendums, without revealing his intentions regarding the votes.NEWS,www.rainews24.rai.it/it/news.php?newsid=153519, Napolitano: ‘Sono un elettore che fa sempre il suo dovere’, rainews24.rai.it, 10 October 2011, it, The President of the Senate of the Republic Renato Schifani underlined the importance of the vote as a form of democratic participation and said he would vote.NEWS,www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/apcom/211682_referendum_schifani_andr_alle_urne_voter_a_palermo/, Referendum: Schifani andrà alle urne, voterà a Palermo, La Provincia di Como, 10 June 2011, 10 October 2011, it, dead,www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/apcom/211682_referendum_schifani_andr_alle_urne_voter_a_palermo/," title="web.archive.org/web/20120403064934www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/apcom/211682_referendum_schifani_andr_alle_urne_voter_a_palermo/,">web.archive.org/web/20120403064934www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/apcom/211682_referendum_schifani_andr_alle_urne_voter_a_palermo/, 3 April 2012, The President of the Chamber of Deputies Gianfranco Fini declared he would vote.NEWS,www.repubblica.it/politica/2011/06/10/dirette/referendum_quorum-17491573/?ref=HREA-1, Granata: “Fini invita a partecipazione attiva”, la Repubblica, 10 October 2011, it, The President of the Council of ministers Silvio Berlusconi declared he would not vote.NEWS,www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2011-06-09/berlusconi-annuncia-referendum-andro-232115.shtml?uuid=AaBqyYeD, Berlusconi annuncia: “Non andrò a votare al referendum”, Il Sole 24 Ore, 10 October 2011, it, His statement, “the Constitution gives the right to citizens to say yes or no to the referendum, but also to say ‘I do not mind this question, I do not vote’”, was considered an implicit invitation for his electorate to abstain, so that the referendums would fail quorum.

Privatization of water services

• Ballot Colour: Red.
• Description: Repeal of the law that allowed the private sector to be entrusted the management of local public services.

{{referendum|name=Question 1|title=Repeal the law that allowed the private sector to be entrusted the management of local public services.|yes=25,935,372|yespct=95.35|no=1,265,495|nopct=4.65|invalid=437,078|invalidpct=1.58|valid=27,200,867|validpct=98.42|total=27,637,945|electorate=50,594,868|turnoutpct=54.81|source=Ministry of the Interior, Italy}}{{Bar box|title=Votes relative to the total number of registered voters|titlebar=#ddd|width=500px|barwidth=450px|bars={{Bar percent|{{tick|12}} Yes|#088A29|51.26}}{{Bar percent|{{cross|12}} No|#E90000|2.50}}}}

Profit on water services

• Ballot Colour: Yellow
• Description: Repeal of the regulations governing the determination of tariffs for water supply services, in the part where they provided that the amount must assure a return on the invested capital.

{{referendum|title=Repeal regulations that determine that water tariffs must assure a return on invested capital.|yes=26,130,637|yespct=95.80|no=1,146,639|nopct=4.20|invalid=365,181|invalidpct=1.32|valid=27,277,276|validpct=98.68|total=27,642,457|electorate=50,594,868|turnoutpct=54.82|source=Ministry of the Interior, Italy}}{{Bar box|title=Votes as a percentage of total number of registered voters|titlebar=#ddd|width=500px|barwidth=450px|bars={{Bar percent|{{tick|12}} Yes|#088A29|51.65}}{{Bar percent|{{cross|12}} No|#E90000|2.27}}}}

Nuclear power

• Ballot Colour: grey.
• Description: Repeal of the new laws that allowed the operation of nuclear powerplants on Italian territory.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right!Choice!Votes!%

{{tick	Yes>	|94.05

No	1,622,090	5.95

Invalid/blank votes	359,180	–

Total	27,624,922	100

Registered voters/turnout	50,594,868	54.79

Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior

{{Bar box|title=Votes as a percentage of total number of registered voters|titlebar=#ddd|width=500px|barwidth=450px|bars={{Bar percent|{{tick|12}} Yes|#088A29|50.68}}{{Bar percent|{{cross|12}} No|#E90000|3.21}}}}

Legal impediment

• Ballot Colour: green.
• Description: Repeal of the provisions introducing legittimo impedimento, which allowed the President of the Council of Ministers and the Ministers to be excused from appearing in court if prevented from doing so by government commitments.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right!Choice!Votes!%

{{tick	Yes>	|94.62

No	1,462,888	5.38

Invalid/blank votes	422,785	–

Total	27,622,369	100

Registered voters/turnout	50,594,868	54.78

Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior

{{Bar box|title=Votes as a percentage of total number of registered voters|titlebar=#ddd|width=500px|barwidth=450px|bars={{Bar percent|{{tick|12}} Yes|#088A29|50.87}}{{Bar percent|{{cross|12}} No|#E90000|2.89}}}}

Results by region

{|class=“wikitable sortable” bgcolor=“#CCCCCC“! Region!! Voting % !! Question 1 !! Question 2 !! Question 3 !! Question 4

Valle d’Aosta >				| Yes 95.8%No 4.2%

Piedmont >				| Yes 94.3%No 5.7%

Liguria >				| Yes 95.0%No 5.0%

Lombardy >				| Yes 93.2%No 6.8%

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol >				| Yes 96.3%No 3.7%

Veneto >				| Yes 93.7%No 6.3%

Friuli-Venezia Giulia >				| Yes 93.9%No 6.1%

Emilia-Romagna >				| Yes 95.0%No 5.0%

Tuscany >				| Yes 95.5%No 4.5%

Marche >				| Yes 95.3%No 4.7%

Umbria >				| Yes 95.1%No 4.9%

Lazio >				| Yes 95.5%No 4.5%

Abruzzo >				| Yes 95.6%No 4.4%

Molise >				| Yes 96.5%No 3.5%

Campania >				| Yes 96.8%No 3.2%

Basilicata >				| Yes 96.7%No 3.3%

Apulia >				| Yes 96.4%No 3.6%

Calabria >				| Yes 96.9%No 3.1%

Sicily >				| Yes 96.2%No 3.8%

Sardinia >				| Yes 96.5%No 3.5%

References

{{Reflist}}{{Italian elections}}