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0.5%Percentage point>pp| election_date = 10 October 1999Image =António Guterres.jpgcWidth = 110oTop = 10|oLeft = 0}}| leader1 = António Guterres| party1 = Socialist Party (Portugal)| leader_since1 = 23 February 1992Castelo Branco District>Castelo BrancoAssembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares| last_election1 = 112 seats, 43.8%| seats1 = 115| seat_change1 = {{Increase}} 3| popular_vote1 = 2,385,922| percentage1 = 44.1%Percentage point>ppImage =Jose Manuel Barroso, EU-kommissionens ordforande, under ett mote i Folketinget 2006-05-19 (1).jpgcWidth = 110oTop = 20|oLeft = 0}}| leader2 = José Manuel Barroso| party2 = Social Democratic Party (Portugal)| leader_since2 = 2 May 1999Lisbon District>LisbonAssembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares| last_election2 = 88 seats, 34.1%| seats2 = 81| seat_change2 = {{Decrease}} 7| popular_vote2 = 1,750,158| percentage2 = 32.3%Percentage point>ppImage =Carlos Carvalhas no XIX Congresso do PCP (cropped).pngcWidth = 110oTop = 0|oLeft = 45}}| colour3 = FF0000| leader3 = Carlos CarvalhasPortuguese Communist Party>PCPUnitary Democratic Coalition>CDU5 December 1992}}Lisbon District>LisbonAssembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares| last_election3 = 15 seats, 8.6%| seats3 = 17| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 2| popular_vote3 = 487,058| percentage3 = 9.0%Percentage point>ppImage =Paulo Portas 2009 (cropped).jpgcWidth = 110oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}| leader4 = Paulo Portas| party4 = CDS – People’s Party| leader_since4 = 22 March 1998Aveiro District>AveiroAssembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares| last_election4 = 15 seats, 9.0%| seats4 = 15| seat_change4 = {{steady}} 0| popular_vote4 = 451,643| percentage4 = 8.3%Percentage point>ppImage =Deputados do Bloco de Esquerda (16) (4026598621).jpgcWidth = 110oTop = 0|oLeft = 10}}| leader5 = Francisco Louçã| party5 = Left Bloc (Portugal)| leader_since5 = 24 March 1999Lisbon District>LisbonAssembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares| last_election5 = Did not contest| seats5 = 2| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 2| popular_vote5 = 132,333| percentage5 = 2.4%| swing5 = New partyPrime Minister of Portugal>Prime Minister| posttitle = Prime Minister after election| before_election = António Guterres| before_party = Socialist Party (Portugal)| after_election = António Guterres| after_party = Socialist Party (Portugal)| map = {{Switcher230px)| Vote winner strength by district 295px)| Results by constituency}}}}The 1999 Portuguese legislative election took place on 10 October. The election renewed all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic.The Socialist Party was aiming a second term under the lead of António Guterres, incumbent Prime Minister, as a good economy and Portugal’s growing prestige, following the Expo 1998 and the support for the East-Timor cause, were strengthening the PS position.“World: Europe Portugal goes to the polls”, BBC News, 10 October 1999. Retrieved 6 September 2020. Polls leading up to the election predicted a comfortable PS majority government. Adding to this, the main opposition party, the Social Democratic Party (PSD), was exiting an internal crisis after former leader Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa resigned in March 1999 amid disagreements with the CDS-People’s Party leader, Paulo Portas, regarding a future PSD/CDS alliance for these elections.“PSD. O dia em que Marcelo desistiu de ser primeiro-ministro”, Jornal i, 26 March 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2020. The party elected, in a snap party congress in May 1999, José Manuel Durão Barroso as new leader.Despite opinion polls predictions, the election results were labeled as a disappointment for the Socialists as the party failed to win a historical absolute majority by just one MP and barely improved their 1995 score, just 0.3%.“A noite que mudou a vida de Guterres ”, Expresso, 16 October 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2020. The disappointing PS score would create instability in Guterres second government in the years to follow.“Os orçamentos do PS e Daniel Campelo ”, RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2020. The Social Democratic Party was still away from the preferences of the majority of the Portuguese people, after the ten years cycle under the lead of Cavaco Silva that had terminated four years before, and lost 7 MPs, compared with 1995, and gathered 32% of the votes. The Democratic Unity Coalition achieved an important climb in the scorecard, against those who predicted its irreversible decline after the end of the Socialist Bloc in the early 1990s. The CDS-People’s Party was able to hold on to its 15 MPs after tensions with the PSD earlier that year. For the first time, the Left Bloc, formed after the merger of several minor left-wing parties became represented in the parliament after electing two MPs.Turnout in this election was very low, only being surpassed by all elections after 2009 when turnout stands below 60%. Overall, voter turnout was only 61% of voters, one of the lowest ever recorded.

Background

Leadership changes and challenges

PSD 1996 leadership election

After leading his party to two successive defeats, in the 1995 election and in the 1996 Presidential election, then PSD leader Fernando Nogueira resigned.“Demissão de Fernando Nogueira da liderança do PSD”, RTP, 16 January 1996. Retrieved 6 June 2022. A party congress to elect a new leader was called for late March 1996. For that leadership ballot, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa announced his candidacy, just a few days after saying a phrase that would become famous in Portuguese politics, “Not even if Christ descends to earth, will I run.““Nem que Cristo desça à terra”, NewsMuseum. Retrieved 6 June 2022. Marcelo faced Pedro Santana Lopes, which repeated his failed bid of 1995. Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was easily elected as PSD leader.“Exclusivo Aconteceu em 1996 - Marcelo eleito presidente do PSD”, Diário de Notícias, 31 March 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2022. The results were the following:{{election table|title=Ballot: 30 March 1996}} style="background-color:#E9E9E9“! align=“center” colspan=2 style="width: 60px“|Candidate! align=“center” style="width: 50px“|Votes! align=“center” style="width: 50px“|% Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 603 66.4 Pedro Santana Lopes 305 33.6 style="background-color:#E9E9E9”Results

CDS–PP 1998 leadership election

Then CDS leader, Manuel Monteiro, resigned from the leadership after the party’s poor results in the 1997 local elections.“Monteiro demitiu-se do PP há cinco anos mas continua à espreita”, Publico, 23 September 2001. Retrieved 6 June 2022. Paulo Portas, which had a tense relationship with Monteiro, announced his candidacy but faced the candidate of the “Monteiro wing”, Maria José Nogueira Pinto. The congress was very tense, with strong accusations between both candidates, but in the end Paulo Portas was elected as new party leader:“Monteiro demitiu-se do PP há cinco anos mas continua à espreita”, RTP, 22 March 1998. Retrieved 6 June 2022.{{election table|title=Ballot: 22 March 1998}} style="background-color:#E9E9E9“! align=“center” colspan=2 style="width: 60px“|Candidate! align=“center” style="width: 50px“|Votes! align=“center” style="width: 50px“|%CDS – People’s Party}}| Paulo Portas WIN CDS – People’s Party}}| Maria José Nogueira Pinto style="background-color:#E9E9E9”Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa plan to creat an electoral alliance with the CDS – People’s Party was splitting his party, but nonetheless, the alliance was approved in a party congress in February 1999.“A angústia do voto secreto ”, Publico, 19 February 1999. Retrieved 6 June 2022. However, at the same a time, a scandal involving CDS–PP leader Paulo Portas, the “Moderna affair”, in which corrupt deals and bad management were done in Moderna University,“Facturas associam Paulo Portas ao caso Moderna”, Publico, 25 April 2003. Retrieved 6 June 2022. was creating a bad mood between PSD and CDS–PP and, specially, between the two party’s leaders.“PSD. O dia em que Marcelo desistiu de ser primeiro-ministro”, Jornal i, 26 March 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2022. In late March, Paulo Portas gives an interview on SIC that precipitated Marcelo’s resignation. In that interview, Portas says that the PSD needs to come clean and say if they trust the CDS leader, and that Marcelo told him that a majority of the PSD leadership doesn’t like him and feels he’s a liability to the alliance.“Marcelo. O show do comentador acaba em Belém? ”, Observador, 11 October 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2022. Feeling betrayed and seeing that Portas was untrustworthy, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa resigned from the PSD leadership. A snap party congress was called for early May, and, as the sole candidate, José Manuel Durão Barroso was unanimously elected as the new PSD leader:{{election table|title=Ballot: 1 May 1999}} style="background-color:#E9E9E9“! align=“center” colspan=2 style="width: 60px“|Candidate! align=“center” style="width: 50px“|Votes! align=“center” style="width: 50px“|% José Manuel Durão Barroso 100.0 style="background-color:#E9E9E9”Results

Electoral system

(File:Eleições legislativas 1999.png|thumb|Official logo of the election.)The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government’s Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.WEB,www.en.parlamento.pt/Legislation/CRP/Constitution7th.pdf, Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, 2019-12-29,www.en.parlamento.pt/Legislation/CRP/Constitution7th.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20160303222446www.en.parlamento.pt/Legislation/CRP/Constitution7th.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20160303222446www.en.parlamento.pt/Legislation/CRP/Constitution7th.pdf, 2016-03-03, dead, The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.WEB,www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php, Effective threshold in electoral systems, Trinity College, Dublin, 2015-10-21, The use of the d’Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.Gallaher, Michael (1992). “Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities“For these elections, and compared with the 1995 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:WEB,www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/md_ar1999.html, Eleição da Assembleia da República de 10 de Outubro de 1999, CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - Eleição da Assembleia da República de 10 de Outubro de 1999, 3 December 2020, {| class=“wikitable”! District !! Number of MPs !! MapLisbon District>Lisbon{{font color(–1)}} style="text-align:center;“|49 {{Image label beginwidth=220}}{{Image label small|x=0.64|y=0.21|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=17}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.62|y=0.09|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=6}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.64|y=0.33|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=37}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.85|y=0.23|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=5}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.98|y=0.22|scale=190|text={{font|size=140%|text=4}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.58|y=0.50|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=15}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.77|y=0.50|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=9}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.97|y=0.50|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=4}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.62|y=0.69|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=10}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.89|y=0.77|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=5}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.85|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=10}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.59|y=0.97|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=10}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.25|y=0.652|scale=300|text={{font|size=140%|text=49}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.85|y=0.999|scale=180|text={{font|size=140%|text=3}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.737|scale=300|text={{font|size=140%|text=4}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.29|y=0.732|scale=300|text={{font|size=140%|text=17}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.48|y=0.887|scale=300|text={{font|size=140%|text=3}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.41|y=0.870|scale=350|text={{font|size=140%|text=8}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.03|y=0.60|scale=350|text={{font|size=140%|text=5}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.03|y=0.75|scale=350|text={{font|size=140%|text=5}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.11|y=0.85|scale=350|text={{font|size=140%|text=2}}}}{{Image label small|x=0.07|y=0.89|scale=350|text={{font|size=140%|text=2}}}}{{Image label end}}Porto District>Porto style="text-align:center;“| 37Braga District>Braga{{font color(+1)}} style="text-align:center;“| 17Setúbal District>Setúbal style="text-align:center;“| 17Aveiro District>Aveiro{{font color(+1)}} style="text-align:center;“| 15Leiria District>Leiria, Santarém District and Coimbra District>Coimbra style="text-align:center;“| 10Viseu District>Viseu style="text-align:center;“| 9Faro District>Faro style="text-align:center;“| 8Viana do Castelo District>Viana do Castelo style="text-align:center;“| 6Azores, Castelo Branco District>Castelo Branco, Madeira and Vila Real District > 5Bragança District>Bragança, Évora District and Guarda District>Guarda style="text-align:center;“| 4Beja District>Beja{{font color(–1)}} and Portalegre District > 3 2

Parties

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 7th legislature (1995–1999) and that also partook in the election:{| class=“wikitable”! rowspan=“2” colspan=“3“| Name! rowspan=“2“| Ideology! rowspan=“2“| Political position! rowspan=“2“| Leader! colspan=“2“| 1995 result! %! Seats PSSocialist Party (Portugal)>Socialist Party{{small|Partido Socialista}}Social democracyThird Way}}Centre-left politics>Centre-left| António Guterres 43.8%112{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}}} PPD/PSDSocial Democratic Party (Portugal)>Social Democratic Party{{small|Partido Social Democrata}}Liberal conservatismClassical liberalism}}| Centre-right| José Manuel Durão Barroso 34.1%88{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}}} CDS-PPCDS – People’s Party{{Nowrap>{{small|Centro Democrático e Social – Partido Popular}}}}| Christian democracyConservatismCentre-right politicsto Right-wing politics>right-wing}}| Paulo Portas 9.1%15{{party color|CDS – People’s Party}}}} PCPPortuguese Communist Party{{small>Partido Comunista Português}}| CommunismMarxism–LeninismFar-left politics>Far-left| Carlos Carvalhas 8.6%{{efn|name=Unitary Democratic Coalition}}13hex=#FF0000}} PEVEcologist Party “The Greens”{{small>Partido Ecologista “Os Verdes“}}Eco-socialismGreen Politics>Green politicsLeft-wing politics>Left-wing| Isabel Castro2{{party color|Ecologist Party “The Greens“}}}}

Campaign period

“>

Party slogans{| class“wikitable” style@font-size:97%; text-align:left;”

! style="text-align:left;” colspan=“2“| Party or alliance! Original slogan! English translation! RefsSocialist Party (Portugal)}}“|Socialist Party (Portugal)>PS| « Portugal em boas mãos »| “Portugal in good hands”LANGUAGE=PTACCESS-DATE=11 MAY 2020, Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}“|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)>PSD| « Vamos cumprir »| “We will deliver”LANGUAGE=PTACCESS-DATE=11 MAY 2020, CDS – People’s Party}}“|CDS – People’s Party>CDS–PP| « Alternativa’99 »| “Alternative’99”LANGUAGE=PT ACCESS-DATE=11 MAY 2020, Unitary Democratic Coalition}}“|Unitary Democratic Coalition>CDU| « Para que não fique tudo na mesma »| “So that everything will not stay the same”LANGUAGE=PT ACCESS-DATE=11 MAY 2020, Left Bloc (Portugal)}}“|Left Bloc (Portugal)>BE| « É tempo de ser exigente »| “It’s time to be demanding”LANGUAGE=PT ACCESS-DATE=11 MAY 2020, “>

Candidates’ debates{| class“wikitable” style@font-size:98%; text-align:center;”

! colspan=“20“| 1999 Portuguese legislative election debates! rowspan=“3“| Date! rowspan=“3“| Organisers! rowspan=“3“| Moderator(s) ! colspan=“18“| {{small|  }} {{Colors|black|#D0FFD0| P }} {{small|Present  }} {{Colors|black|#ffffdd| A }} {{small|Absent invitee}} {{Colors|black|#FFD0D0| N }} {{small|Non-invitee }}! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| PS{{small|Guterres}}! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| PSD{{small|Barroso}}! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| CDU{{small|Carvalhas}}! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| CDS–PP{{small|Portas}}! rowspan=“2“| Refs! style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};“|! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};“|! style="background:{{party color|Unitary Democratic Coalition}};“|! style="background:{{party color|CDS – People’s Party}};“| 16 Sep SIC José Alberto CarvalhoPPNNTITLE=COMO GUTERRES MUDOU OS DEBATES PARA SEMPRE E AS ARROBAS CHEGARAM AO ESTRELATO WORK=EXPRESSO, 11 May 2020, 17 Sep SIC José Alberto CarvalhoNNPP| 19 Sep SIC José Alberto CarvalhoNPNP| 20 Sep SIC José Alberto CarvalhoPNPN| 21 Sep SIC José Alberto CarvalhoPNNP| 22 Sep SIC José Alberto CarvalhoNPPN| 23 Sep RTP1 Judite de SousaPPPPTITLE=OPERAçãO LEGISLATIVAS NO AR WORK=PúBLICO, 11 May 2020, ! colspan=“10“| {{small|Candidate viewed as “most convincing” in each debate}}! rowspan=“3“|Date! rowspan=“3“|Organisers! rowspan=“3“|Polling firm/Link ! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| PS! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| PSD! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| CDU! scope=“col” style="width:5em;“| CDS–PP! rowspan=“2“| Notes! style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}};“|! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}};“|! style="background:{{party color|Unitary Democratic Coalition}};“|! style="background:{{party color|CDS – People’s Party}};“| 16 Sep SIC| SIC 57| 25| {{N/A}}| {{N/A}}18% Neither}}

Opinion polling

{{See also|Exit poll|Opinion poll}}The following table shows the opinion polls of voting intention of the Portuguese voters before the election. Those parties that are listed were represented in parliament (1995-1999). Included is also the result of the Portuguese general elections in 1995 and 1999 for reference.Note, until 2000, the publication of opinion polls in the last week of the campaign was forbidden.{{legend2|#EAFFEA|Exit poll|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:16px;” style="height:42px; background-color:#E9E9E9“! style="width:165px;” rowspan=“2“| Date Released! style="width:195px;” rowspan=“2“| Polling Firm! PS! (File:PSD (1999-2008).png|45px|link=Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD)! (File:CDS-PP (1991-2009).png|30px|link=CDS – People’s Party|CDS–PP)! (File:Logo of the Unitary Democratic Coalition.svg|40px|link=Unitary Democratic Coalition|CDU)! (File:LeftBloc.svg|28px|link=Left Bloc (Portugal)|BE)! style="width:60px;” rowspan=“2“| Others! style="width:25px;” rowspan=“2“| Lead! style="background:#FF66FF; width:60px;“|! style="background:#FF9900; width:60px;“|! style="background:#0093DD; width:60px;“|! style="background:red; width:60px;“|! style="background:darkRed; width:60px;“| style="background:#EFEFEF;” 10 Oct 1999 Leg. election 44.1{{fontfont=Verdana|text=115}} 32.3{{fontfont=Verdana|text=81}} 8.3{{fontfont=Verdana|text=15}} 9.0{{fontfont=Verdana|text=17}} 2.4{{fontfont=Verdana|text=2}} 3.9{{fontfont=Verdana|text=0}} style="background:#EAFFEA“| 10 Oct 1999 RTP/Universidade Católica 46.0 30.3 7.5 8.5 2.5 5.2 10 Oct 1999 SIC/Seeds 46.3 31.5 8.0 9.8 2.8 1.6 10 Oct 1999 TVI/Intercampus 46.3 28.6 8.3 9.5 3.2 4.1Euroexpansão 50.0 32.0 8.0 6.0 2.0 2.0Seeds 47.0 32.0 7.0 8.0 1.0 5.0Metris 48.0 31.0 7.0 7.0 1.0 6.0Universidade Católica 47.2 30.0 7.2 7.9 2.8 4.9Marktest 46.2 30.7 4.2 10.6 2.8 5.5Aximage 49.0 33.0 6.0 7.0 1.0 4.0Universidade Católica 52.0 31.6 6.2 6.9 1.9 1.413 Jun 19991999 European Parliament election in Portugal>EP elections 43.1 31.1 8.2 10.3 1.8 5.5Universidade Católica 55.3 32.6{{efn|name=AD}} 9.3 2.0 0.8Universidade Católica 45.3 36.1 5.2 6.9| {{N/A}} 6.514 Dec 19971997 Portuguese local elections>Local elections 41.3 35.2 6.3 12.0| {{N/A}} 5.2Universidade Católica 40.0 33.0 6.5 8.0| {{N/A}} 12.5Universidade Católica 47.0 29.0| {{N/A}}| {{N/A}}| {{N/A}} 24.0 style="background:#EFEFEF;” 1 Oct 1995 Leg. election 43.8{{fontfont=Verdana|text=112}} 34.1{{fontfont=Verdana|text=88}} 9.1{{fontfont=Verdana|text=15}} 8.6{{fontfont=Verdana|text=15}} 4.4{{fontfont=Verdana|text=0}} Did notexist

National summary of votes and seats

{{election table|title=Summary of the 10 October 1999 Assembly of the Republic elections results}} (File:Portugal Parliament 1999.svg|center) ! rowspan=“2” colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=left|Parties! rowspan=“2” style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=right|Votes! rowspan=“2” style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=right|%! rowspan=“2” style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=right|±! colspan=“5” style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=“center“|MPs! rowspan=“2” style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;” |MPs %/votes % style="background-color:#E9E9E9“! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align=center|1995! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align=center|1999! style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=right|±! style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=right|%! style="background-color:#E9E9E9” align=right|±Socialist Party (Portugal)|shortname=Socialist}}115>|1.13Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|shortname=Social Democratic}}81>|1.09Unitary Democratic Coalitionname=CDU}}17>|0.82CDS – People’s Party|shortname=People’s}}15>|0.78Left Bloc (Portugal)|shortname=Left Bloc}}2>|0.36Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat|shortname=Portuguese Workers’ Communist}}0>|0.0Earth Party}}0>|0.0People’s Monarchist Party (Portugal)|shortname=People’s Monarchist}}0>|0.0National Solidarity0>|0.0Humanist Party (Portugal)|shortname=Humanist}} 0>|0.0Workers Party of Socialist Unity}}0>|0.0Democratic Party of the Atlantic}}{{efn|name=PDA}}0>|0.0Total valid 5,306,95698.00{{Decrease}}0.1230230{{steady}}0100.00{{steady}}0.0—Blank ballotsInvalid ballots|{{Decrease}}0.1Total5,415,102100.00Registered voters/turnout8,864,60461.09{{decrease}}5.2 Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições{{bar box|title=Vote share|titlebar=#ddd|width=550px|barwidth=500px|bars={{bar percent|PS|{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}|44.06}}{{bar percent|PSD|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|32.32}}{{bar percent|CDU|{{party color|Portuguese Communist Party}}|8.99}}{{bar percent|CDS-PP|{{party color|CDS – People’s Party}}|8.34}}{{bar percent|BE|{{party color|Left Bloc (Portugal)}}|2.44}}{{bar percent|PCTP/MRPP|{{party color|Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat}}|0.74}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|1.12}}{{bar percent|Blank/Invalid|#DDDDDD|2.00}}}}{{bar box|title=Parliamentary seats|titlebar=#ddd|width=550px|barwidth=500px|bars={{bar percent|PS|{{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}|50.00}}{{bar percent|PSD|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}|35.22}}{{bar percent|CDU|{{party color|Portuguese Communist Party}}|7.39}}{{bar percent|CDS-PP|{{party color|CDS – People’s Party}}|6.52}}{{bar percent|BE|{{party color|Left Bloc (Portugal)}}|0.87}}}}{{clear}}

Distribution by constituency

{{election table|title=Results of the 1999 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republicby constituency|sortable=yes}} class=“unsortable“!rowspan=2|Constituency!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!rowspan=2|TotalS class=“unsortable” style="text-align:center;“!colspan=2 | PS!colspan=2 | PSD!colspan=2 | CDU!colspan=2 | CDS–PP!colspan=2 | BEAzores Aveiro Beja Braga Bragança| 39.7| 2 Castelo Branco Coimbra {{hsÉvora District>Évora Faro Guarda Leiria| 36.8| 4 Lisbon Madeira| 35.1| 2 Portalegre Porto Santarém Setúbal Viana do Castelo Vila Real| 40.8| 2 Viseu| 38.1| 4 Europe Outside Europe | 39.8| 1Socialist Party (Portugal)}}; color:white;“|44.1| 115| 32.3| 81| 9.0| 17| 8.3| 15| 2.4| 2| 230Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Maps

File:Pt euelection 1999.PNG|Most voted political force by district. (Madeira and Azores not shown)Legislativas portuguesas de 1999 (Mapa).png|Most voted political force by municipality.{{clear}}

Aftermath

Guterres second government was haunted by its failure in winning an absolute majority in the 1999 elections.“A noite que mudou a vida de Guterres ”, Expresso, 13 October 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2023. The tie between the Government and the opposition created a series of problems to Guterres as all opposition parties, PSD, CDU, CDS–PP and BE, refused to negotiate with the Government. In the 2000 budget, CDS–PP decided to abstain and the budget passed:“CDS-PP viabiliza Orçamento do Estado”, RTP, 16 February 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2024.{| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center;” 2000 State BudgetAntónio Guterres (PS)! colspan=“2” style="width:150px;“| Ballot →! 15 March 2000! colspan=“2“| Required majority →15}}! style="background:green;“| {{Collapsible list | title = YesSocialist Party (Portugal)>PS (115)}}115green|width=125px}}! style="width:1px; background:red;“| {{Collapsible list | title = NoSocial Democratic Party (Portugal)>PSD (81)Portuguese Communist Party>PCP (15)PEV">Ecologist Party “The Greens">PEV (2)Left Bloc (Portugal)>BE (2)}}100red|width=125px}}! style="background:gray;“| {{Collapsible list | title = AbstentionsCDS – People’s Party>CDS–PP (15)}}15gray|width=125px}}! style="background:black;“| Absentees0black|width=125px}} SourcesPROPOSTA DE LEI 16/VIII/1 - ORçAMENTO DO ESTADO PARA 2000 >URL=HTTPS://WWW.PARLAMENTO.PT/ACTIVIDADEPARLAMENTAR/PAGINAS/DETALHEINICIATIVA.ASPX?BID=6230 ACCESS-DATE=8 FEBRUARY 2024 ARCHIVE-DATE=9 FEBRUARY 2023 DATE=15 MARCH 2000 TITLE=IMPOSTO SUCESSóRIO ACABA EM 2001 ACCESS-DATE=8 FEBRUARY 2024 DATE=15 FEBRUARY 2000 ARCHIVE-DATE=8 FEBRUARY 2024 QUOTE=NA SEXTA-FEIRA, DIA DA VOTAçãO, Lá ESTARá O PP A VIABILIZAR NA GENERALIDADE AS CONTAS DO ESTADO DESTE ANO, On Friday, the day of the (first) vote, PP will be there to help approve the State Budget for this year, However, after the 2000 budget, CDS–PP was no longer willing to support Guterres and, the solution found was a controversial one: With a sole CDS–PP MP, Daniel Campelo, Guterres secured the approval of two of his three annual State Budgets in exchange for the government financing a cheese factory in Campelo’s hometown of Ponte de Lima. The 2001 and 2002 budgets were approved with the abstention of this sole CDS–PP MP:“Os orçamentos do PS e Daniel Campelo”, RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2024.“O autarca do queijo limiano”, Diário de Notícias, 24 September 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2024.{| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center;” 2001 State BudgetAntónio Guterres (PS)! colspan=“2” style="width:150px;“| Ballot →! 29 November 2000! colspan=“2“| Required majority →15}}! style="background:green;“| {{Collapsible list | title = YesSocialist Party (Portugal)>PS (115)}}115green|width=125px}}! style="width:1px; background:red;“| {{Collapsible list | title = NoSocial Democratic Party (Portugal)>PSD (81)Portuguese Communist Party>PCP (15)CDS – People’s Party>CDS–PP (14)PEV">Ecologist Party “The Greens">PEV (2)Left Bloc (Portugal)>BE (2)}}114red|width=125px}}! style="background:gray;“| {{Collapsible list | title = AbstentionsCDS – People’s Party>CDS–PP (1)}}1gray|width=125px}}! style="background:black;“| Absentees0black|width=125px}} SourcesPROPOSTA DE LEI 48/VIII/2 - ORçAMENTO DO ESTADO PARA 2001 >URL=HTTPS://WWW.PARLAMENTO.PT/ACTIVIDADEPARLAMENTAR/PAGINAS/DETALHEINICIATIVA.ASPX?BID=5868 ACCESS-DATE=8 FEBRUARY 2024 ARCHIVE-DATE=7 FEBRUARY 2023 DATE=29 NOVEMBER 2000, 2000-11-29 - Votação final global - Contra: PSD, PCP, CDS-PP, PEV, BE; Abstenção: Daniel Campelo (Indep); A Favor: PS, {| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center;” 2002 State BudgetAntónio Guterres (PS)! colspan=“2” style="width:150px;“| Ballot →! 30 November 2001! colspan=“2“| Required majority →15}}! style="background:green;“| {{Collapsible list | title = YesSocialist Party (Portugal)>PS (115)}}115green|width=125px}}! style="width:1px; background:red;“| {{Collapsible list | title = NoSocial Democratic Party (Portugal)>PSD (81)Portuguese Communist Party>PCP (15)CDS – People’s Party>CDS–PP (14)PEV">Ecologist Party “The Greens">PEV (2)Left Bloc (Portugal)>BE (2)}}114red|width=125px}}! style="background:gray;“| {{Collapsible list | title = AbstentionsCDS – People’s Party>CDS–PP (1)}}1gray|width=125px}}! style="background:black;“| Absentees0black|width=125px}} SourcesPROPOSTA DE LEI 105/VIII/3 - ORçAMENTO DO ESTADO PARA 2002 >URL=HTTPS://WWW.PARLAMENTO.PT/ACTIVIDADEPARLAMENTAR/PAGINAS/DETALHEINICIATIVA.ASPX?BID=18754 ACCESS-DATE=8 FEBRUARY 2024 ARCHIVE-DATE=30 JUNE 2022 DATE=30 NOVEMBER 2001, 2001-11-30 - Votação final global - Contra: PSD, PCP, CDS-PP, PEV, BE; Abstenção: Daniel Campelo (Indep); A Favor: PS,

Fall of the government

However, despite the fragile majority to approve major legislation, Guterres also suffered with a lot of instability within his own cabinet, with two reshuffles in just four months during 2001. The Hintze Ribeiro Bridge collapse generated public anger against the government, which eroded even more Guterres’ popularity.“Quando Jorge Coelho contrariou Guterres e pediu a demissão: “A culpa não pode morrer solteira“”, Observador, 17 October 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2023. By 2001, the economy was also showing strong signs of slowdown, in a time when Portugal was about to enter into the Euro common currency and was suffering from the global impact of the September 11 attacks.” Guterres quer minimizar impacto da crise na economia nacional”, Público, 8 October 2001. Retrieved 8 December 2023. All these problems culminated in the December 2001 local elections, in which the PS suffered a big defeat and saw major urban centers, mainly Lisbon and Porto, swing dramatically to the right-wing, and in response, Guterres announced his resignation as Prime Minister.“Guterres deve formalizar hoje pedido de demissão ”, Público, 17 December 2001. Retrieved 8 December 2023. President Jorge Sampaio dissolved Parliament and called an election for 17 March 2002.

Notes

{{notes| refs ={{efn| name = Unitary Democratic Coalition| The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party “The Greens” (PEV) contested the 1999 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 8.6% of the vote and elected 15 MPs to parliament.}}{{efn| name = ADDemocratic Alliance (Portugal, 1979)>Democratic Alliance (AD) between PSD and CDS–PP that ultimately failed and didn’t run for the elections.}}{{efn| name = CDUPortuguese Communist Party (15 MPs) and “The Greens”">Ecologist Party “The Greens">“The Greens” (2 MPs) ran in coalition.}}{{efn| name = PDA| Democratic Party of the Atlantic electoral list only in Azores.}}}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

• Preliminary results of the 1999 election
• Comissão Nacional de Eleições {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408212102eleicoes.cne.pt/cne2005/sel_eleicoes.cfm?m=rasterassemb |date=2005-04-08 }}
• www.iscsp.utl.pt/~cepp/abertura.php" title="web.archive.org/web/20060818153627www.iscsp.utl.pt/~cepp/abertura.php">Centro de Estudos do Pensamento Político

See also

• Politics of Portugal
• List of political parties in Portugal
• Elections in Portugal

{{Portuguese elections}}