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2.06Percentage point>pp)| registered = 498,906,129Image=Rajiv Gandhi, the 6th PM of India.jpgcWidth=100oLeft=0|oTop=0}}| leader1 = Rajiv Gandhi| party1 = Indian National Congress (Indira)| last_election1 = 46.86%, 414 seats| seats1 = 197| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 217| popular_vote1 = 118,894,702| percentage1 = 39.53%Percentage point>ppImage=V. P. Singh (cropped).jpgcWidth=100oLeft=0|oTop=0}}| leader2 = V. P. Singh| party2 = Janata Dal| last_election2 = Did not exist| seats2 = 143| seat_change2 = New| popular_vote2 = 53,518,521| percentage2 = 17.79%| swing2 = NewImage=Lkadvani.jpgcWidth=100oLeft=20|oTop=5}}| leader4 = L. K. Advani| party4 = Bharatiya Janata Party| last_election4 = 7.74%, 2 seats| seats4 = 85| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 83| popular_vote4 = 34,171,477| percentage4 = 11.36%Percentage point>ppImage=E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpgcWidth=100oLeft=0|oTop=5}}| leader5 = E. M. S. Namboodiripad| party5 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)| last_election5 = 5.87%, 22 seats| seats5 = 33| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 11| popular_vote5 = 19,691,309| percentage5 = 6.55%Percentage point>ppPrime Minister of India>Prime Minister| posttitle = Prime Minister after election| before_election = Rajiv Gandhi| before_party = Indian National Congress (Indira)| after_election = V. P. SinghNational Front (India)>National Front| map_image = Wahlergebnisse Indien 1989.svg| map_caption = Results by constituency| outgoing_members = List of members of the 8th Lok Sabha| elected_members = List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha}}General elections were held in India on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the ninth Lok Sabha.WEB, INDIA: Parliamentary elections Lok Sabha, 1989, Inter-Parliamentary Union,www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm, 26 April 2009, 22 February 2017,www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20170222080813www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20170222080813www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm, live, The incumbent Indian National Congress (Indira) government under the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi lost its mandate, even though it was still the largest single party in the Lok Sabha.{{sfnp|Krishna, India since Independence|2011|p=343}}NEWS, Sumeda, 2024-04-06, How the 1989 Lok Sabha election changed Indian politics,www.thehindu.com/news/national/1989-election-coalition-politics-india-congress-loss-victory-rajiv-gandhi-vp-singh/article67679186.ece, 2024-05-19, The Hindu, en-IN, 0971-751X, V. P. Singh, the leader of the second largest party Janata Dal (which also headed the National Front) was invited by the President of India to form the government.{{harvp|Krishna, India since Independence|2011|loc=p. 349: ‘The Rashtrapati Bhawan communiqué that evening was a commentary on the fractured nature of the mandate: “Since the Congress (I), elected to the Ninth Lok Sabha with the largest membership, has opted not to stake its claim for forming the Government, the President invited Mr. V. P. Singh, leader of the second largest party/group, namely the Janata Dal/National Front to form the Government and take a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha within 30 days of his assuming office.“’}}

Background

The 1989 Indian general election were held because the previous Lok Sabha had been in power for five years, and the constitution allowed for new elections. Even though Rajiv Gandhi had won the last election by a landslide (mainly due to an overwhelming outpour of popular grief due to his mother’s assassination), this election saw him trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration.The Bofors scandal, Gandhi’s supposed attempt at shielding Adil Shahryar, who had been involved in the 1984 Bhopal tragedy, allegations of Muslim appeasement in the wake of the Shah Bano case, rising insurgency in Assam, insurrection in Punjab, Indian involvement in the Sri Lankan civil war were just some of the problems that stared at his government. Rajiv’s biggest critic was Vishwanath Pratap Singh, who held the portfolios of the finance ministry and the defence ministry in the government.But Singh was soon sacked from the Cabinet and he then resigned from his memberships in the Congress and the Lok Sabha. He formed the Jana Morcha with Arun Nehru and Arif Mohammad Khan and re-entered the Lok Sabha as an Independent MP from Allahabad. Witnessing V. P. Singh’s meteoric rise on national stage, Rajiv tried to counterWEB, Philip, A. J., Opinion: A gentleman among politicians, The Tribune (Chandigarh), 7 September 2006,www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm, 1 January 2016, 13 October 2006,www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20061013081719www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20061013081719www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm, live, him with another prominent Rajput stalwart Satyendra Narain Singh but failed eventually.On 11 October 1988, the birth anniversary of Jayprakasha Narayan, V. P Singh made Jana Morcha merge with the Janata Party & some of its breakaway factions like the Janata Party (Secular), Lok Dal & Congress (Jagjivan) to form the Janata Dal. Singh then formed the National Front consisting of the Janata Dal, Congress (Socialist) of Sarat Chandra Sinha, TDP of N. T. Rama Rao, DMK of M. Karunanidhi & AGP of Prafulla Mahanta. The National Front also received outside support of Lal Krishna Advani from the Bharatiya Janata Party (which had also been formed out of the Janata Party) & Jyoti Basu from the Communist Party of India (Marxist).Voting was not held in Assam due to rising unrest and a rebellion of Bodos, culminating into a massacre of 535 people at Gohpur. Moreover, the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu was bifurcated into Goa and Daman & Diu with Goa retaining its 2 seats and the latter gaining 1 seat. Thus the total Lok Sabha seats increased by 1 to a total of 543. Since Assam never went to the polls, the total seats contested in this election was down to 529.{{Politics of India}}

Results

{{Election results350px)Indian National Congress (Indira)>votes1=118894702sc1=Janata Dal>votes2=53518521sc2=Bharatiya Janata Party>votes3=34171477sc3=Communist Party of India (Marxist)>votes4=19691309sc4=Telugu Desam Party>votes5=9909728sc5=Communist Party of India>votes6=7734697sc6=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam>votes7=7196099sc7=Bahujan Samaj Party>votes8=6213390sc8=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam>votes9=4518649sc9=Janata Party>votes10=3029743sc10=Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)>Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)seats11=6|sc11=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)>Revolutionary Socialist Partyseats12=4|sc12=Pattali Makkal Katchi>votes13=1561371sc13=Doordarshi Party>votes14=1338566sc14=All India Forward Bloc>votes15=1261310sc15=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha>votes16=1032276sc16=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha>votes17=978377sc17=Indian Union Muslim League>votes18=974234sc18=Indian People’s Front>votes19=737551sc19=Peasants and Workers Party of India>votes20=636589sc20=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen>votes21=617376sc21=votes22=602110sc22=votes23=572434sc23=votes24=495565sc24=Republican Party of India (Khobragade)>votes25=468615sc25=Gorkha National Liberation Front>votes26=435070sc26=votes27=427609sc27=votes28=367838sc28=Kerala Congress (M)>votes29=352191sc29=Shiv Sena>votes30=339426sc30=Marxist Co-ordination Committee>votes31=247013sc31=Naga People’s Front>Nagaland People’s Councilseats32=0|sc32=Hindu Mahasabha>votes33=217514sc33=Manipur Peoples Party>votes34=147128sc34=Republican Party of India>votes35=129300sc35=votes36=122947sc36=votes37=120159sc37=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party>votes38=116392sc38=votes39=108085sc39=Shiromani Akali Dal>votes40=100570sc40=Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)>votes41=100300sc41=People’s Party of Arunachal>votes42=96181sc42=votes43=91740sc43=Sikkim Sangram Parishad>votes44=91608sc44=Amra Bangali>votes45=80834sc45=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference>votes46=71194sc46=Mizo National Front>votes47=70749sc47=Kerala Congress>votes48=68811sc48=votes49=64885sc49=votes50=43667sc50=votes51=42282sc51=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal>votes52=39465sc52=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)>votes53=38937sc53=All India Muslim Majlis (Dr. Faridi)>Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradeshseats54=0|sc54=votes55=23331sc55=votes56=22625sc56=Bharatiya Jana Sangh>votes57=22446sc57=votes58=19593sc58=votes59=17639sc59=votes60=12859sc60=Rising Sun Party>votes61=12858sc61=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)>Indian Congress (J) Trikha Groupseats62=0|sc62=Socialist Party (India)>Socialist Partyseats63=0|sc63=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)>Socialist Unity Centre of Indiaseats64=0|sc64=votes65=7635sc65=Hul Jharkhand Party>votes66=6663sc66=votes67=5895sc67=votes68=4731sc68=Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League>Akhil Bhartiya Gorkha League (Budhiman Gurung)seats69=0|sc69=votes70=3756sc70=votes71=3470sc71=votes72=3059sc72=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad>votes73=2998sc73=votes74=2944sc74=votes75=2890sc75=votes76=2791sc76=votes77=2682sc77=votes78=2411sc78=votes79=2368sc79=votes80=2263sc80=votes81=2142sc81=votes82=2055sc82=votes83=1964sc83=votes84=1928sc84=votes85=1735sc85=votes86=1577sc86=votes87=1428sc87=votes88=1392sc88=votes89=1374sc89=Hindustan Janata Party>votes90=1361sc90=votes91=1357sc91=votes92=1332sc92=votes93=1272sc93=votes94=1093sc94=votes95=1035sc95=votes96=918sc96=votes97=839sc97=votes98=703sc98=votes99=694sc99=votes100=687sc100=votes101=677sc101=votes102=621sc102=votes103=539sc103=votes104=493sc104=votes105=478sc105=votes106=406sc106=votes107=391sc107=votes108=367sc108=votes109=322sc109=votes110=314sc110=votes111=160sc111=votes112=145sc112=votes113=99sc113=votes114=15793781sc114=Anglo-Indians>seats115=2|sc115=|invalid=8274072|electorate=498906129|source=ECI}}

Aftermath

V. P. Singh, who was the head of the Janata Dal, was chosen leader of the National Front government with outside support of the BJP & CPI(M).WEB, 19 December 2008, V. P. Singh: Prime Minister of India who tried to improve the lot of the poor, The Independent,www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/v-p-singh-prime-minister-of-india-who-tried-to-improve-the-lot-of-the-poor-1203626.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/v-p-singh-prime-minister-of-india-who-tried-to-improve-the-lot-of-the-poor-1203626.html, 1 May 2022, subscription, live, 6 October 2017, {{cbignore}} Chandra Shekhar broke away from the Janata Dal with 64 MPs and formed the Samajwadi Janata Party in 1990. He got outside support from the Congress(I) and became the 9th Prime Minister of India. He finally resigned on 21 June 1991, after the Congress(I) withdrew its support alleging that the Chandra Shekhar government was spying on Rajiv Gandhi.

See also

• List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha
• Election Commission of India
• 1987 Indian presidential election

References

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

• {{citation |title=India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics |first=Ananth V. |last=Krishna |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011 |isbn=9788131734650 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC |ref={{sfnref|Krishna, India since Independence|2011}}}}

External links

• WEB, Elections 1989: Congress(I) faces prospect of being routed in Bihar, India Today, 30 November 1989,indiatoday.intoday.in/story/elections-1989-congressi-faces-prospect-of-being-routed-in-bihar/1/324190.html,
• WEB, Pandya, Haresh, V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77, The New York Times, 29 November 2008,www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1&,web.archive.org/web/20201120194616/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1&, 20 November 2020,

{{Indian elections}}