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seal script
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Ancient style of Chinese characters}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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* Regular script| sample = XiaozhuanQinquan sized.jpg| imagesize = 240
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Types
The term seal script may refer to several distinct varieties, including the large seal script and the small seal script. Without qualification, seal script usually refers to the small seal scriptâthat is, the lineage which evolved within the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty (771â221 BC), which was later standardized under Qin Shi Huang ({{reign|221|210 BC}}). The term large seal script may itself refer to a broad range of forms, including Qin forms older than the small seal scriptâbut also earlier Western Zhou forms, or even oracle bone characters. Due to this imprecision, modern scholars tend to avoid using the term large seal script.{{sfn|Qiu|2000|p=60}}Development
There were several different variants of seal script which developed independently in each kingdom during the Eastern Zhou. One of these, the bird-worm seal script, is named for its intricate decorations on the defining strokes, and was used in the states of Wu, Chu, and Yue. It was found on several artifacts including the Spear of Fuchai and the Sword of Goujian. As a southern state, Chu was influenced by Wuyue. Chu produced bronze broadswords that were similar to those from Wuyue, but not as intricate. Chu also used the bird-worm style, which was borrowed by the Wu and Yue states.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}Unified small seal script
The Qin scriptâas exemplified in bronze inscriptions prior to unificationâhad evolved organically from the Zhou script starting in the Spring and Autumn period. Beginning around the Warring States period, it became vertically elongated with a regular appearance. This was the period of maturation for the small seal script. It was systematized by prime minister Li Si during the reign of Qin Shi Huang through the elimination of most character variants, and was imposed as the imperial standard.{{sfn|Chen|2003}} Through Chinese commentaries, it is known that Li Si compiled the {{transliteration|zh|Cangjiepian}}, a partially-extant wordbook listing some 3,300 Chinese characters in the small seal script. Their form is characterized by being less rectangular and more squarish.In the popular history of Chinese characters, the small seal script is traditionally considered to be ancestral to clerical script, which in turn prefigured every other script in use today. However, recent archaeological discoveries and scholarship have led some scholars to conclude that the direct ancestor of clerical script was proto-clerical script, which in turn evolved out of the lesser-known vulgar or popular writing of the late Warring States to Qin period.{{sfn|Qiu|2000}}The first known character dictionary was the 3rd-century BC {{transliteration|zh|Erya}}, collated and referenced by Liu Xiang and his son Liu Xin; it is no longer extant. Not long after, the {{transliteration|zh|Shuowen Jiezi}} ({{circa|100 AD}}) was written by Xu Shen. The Shuowen{{'}}s 9,353 entries reproduce the standardized small seal forms for each entry, organized under 540 radicals.File:XiaozhuanQinquan.jpg|Small seal inscription on a Qin standard prototype weightâmade from iron, and unearthed at Wendeng, Shandong in 1973File:BronzePlaque-EdictOfSecondEmperor-Qin-ROM-May8-08.png|Edict of Qin Er Shi in seal script. In the popular history of Chinese characters, the small seal script is traditionally considered to be the ancestor of clerical scriptComputer encoding
File:Li Jingxun, epitaph plaque.jpg|thumb|Seal inscription on the tomb of Li JingxunLi JingxunIt is anticipated that small seal script forms will eventually be encoded in The Unicode Standard. The code points {{code|U+38000âU+3AB9F}} on the Tertiary Ideographic Plane have been tentatively allocated.WEB, Everson, Michael, McGowan, Rick, Whistler, Ken, Umamaheswaran, V. S., 9 May 2023, Roadmap to the TIP,weblink 28 August 2023, The Unicode Consortium,See also
- {{annotated link|Ancient Script Texts}}
- {{annotated link|ʼPhags-pa script}}
References
Citations
{{Reflist}}Works cited
- BOOK, Qiu, Xigui, Qiu Xigui, Chinese Writing, Society for the Study of Early China and The Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 2000, 978-1-557-29071-7, Berkeley, Mattos, Gilbert L., Qiu Xigui (è£é¡å), 1988, Norman, Jerry,
- BOOK, Chen, Zhaorong, Academia Sinica, 2003, 957-671-995-X, zh, zh:秦系æåç 究ï¹ä»æ¼¢åå²çè§åº¦èå¯, Research on the Qin Lineage of Writing: An Examination from the Perspective of the History of Chinese Writing, Chen Zhaorong (é³æ容),
External links
{{Commons category|Seal script}} {{Navboxes|list1={{Chinese Calligraphies}}{{Chinese language}}{{Seal (East Asia)}} {{Writing systems}}{{list of writing systems}}}}{{Authority control}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "seal script" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:16am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "seal script" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:16am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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