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pneumomediastinum
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pneumomediastinum
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Abnormal presence of gas in the thorax}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Signs and symptoms
The main symptom is usually severe central chest pain. Other symptoms include laboured breathing, voice distortion (as with helium) and subcutaneous emphysema, specifically affecting the face, neck, and chest.Quresi SA, Tilyard A (2008). "Unusual Presentation of Spontaneous Mediastinum: A Case Report". Cases Journal 1:349. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-349. Pneumomediastinum can also be characterized by the shortness of breath that is typical of a respiratory system problem. It is often recognized on auscultation by a "crunching" sound timed with the cardiac cycle (Hamman's crunch).Pneumomediastinum may also present with symptoms mimicking cardiac tamponade as a result of the increased intrapulmonary pressure on venous flow to the heart.Beg MH, Reyazuddin, Ansari MM (1988). "Traumatic tension Pneumomediastinum Mimicking Cardiac Tamponade". Thorax 43:576-677. doi: 10.1136/thx.43.7.576.Cause
It is most commonly caused by:{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}- Esophageal rupture, for example in Boerhaave syndrome
- Asthma, crack cocaine use or other conditions leading to alveolar rupture
- Bowel rupture, where air in the abdominal cavity tracts up into the chest.
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumoniaJOURNAL, Vázquez JL, Vázquez I, González ML, GarcÃa-Tejedor JL, Repáraz A, Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax as presenting signs in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, Pediatric Radiology, 37, 12, 1286â8, 2007, 17899058, 10.1007/s00247-007-0611-1, 26500618,
- obesityJOURNAL, Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G, Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity, Lung, 185, 6, 373, 2007, 17909893, 10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7, 6771220,
Diagnosis
Pneumomediastinum is uncommon and occurs when air leaks into the mediastinum. The diagnosis can be confirmed via chest X-ray showing a radiolucent outline around the heart and mediastinum or via CT scanning of the thorax.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}Image:PneumoMediastinum2008.jpg|Pneumomediastinum and right sided pneumothorax post first rib fracture in a mountain biking accident.File:Pneumomediastinum-003.jpg|Pneumomediastinum with angel wing signWEB, Zahed, Asef, Angel wing sign {{!, Radiology Case {{!}} Radiopaedia.org |url=https://radiopaedia.org/cases/angel-wing-sign-1?lang=gb |website=Radiopaedia}}File:UOTW 67 - Ultrasound of the Week 1.webm|Pneumomediastinum as seen on ultrasoundWEB, UOTW #67 - Ultrasound of the Week,weblink Ultrasound of the Week, 27 May 2017, 29 January 2016,Treatment
The tissues in the mediastinum will slowly resorb the air in the cavity so most pneumomediastinums are treated conservatively. Breathing high flow oxygen will increase the absorption of the air.If the air is under pressure and compressing the heart, a needle may be inserted into the cavity, releasing the air.Surgery may be needed to repair the hole in the trachea, esophagus or bowel.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}If there is lung collapse, it is imperative the affected individual lies on the side of the collapse. Although painful, this allows full inflation of the unaffected lung.References
{{Reflist}}External links
{{wiktionary}}{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 29460J | 2 | 95}}, {{ICD10 | 25 | p|20}} | 518.1}}, {{ICD9|770.2}}| ICDO =| OMIM =| MedlinePlus = 000084| eMedicineSubj = ped| eMedicineTopic = 1832 | emerg|469}}| MeshID = D008478}}
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- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "pneumomediastinum" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 4:35pm EDT - Wed, May 15 2024
- "pneumomediastinum" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 4:35pm EDT - Wed, May 15 2024
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