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{{Short description|Ruler and high priest of Sugamuxi}}{{Other uses|Iraca (disambiguation)}}File:Floresta Boyaca - Panoramica.JPG|thumb|right|250px|View of the sacred Iraca Valley (Tobasía)]] The iraca, sometimes spelled iraka,Ocampo López, 2013, Ch.12, p.77Ocampo López, 2013, Ch.14, p.85 was the ruler and high priest of Sugamuxi in the confederation of the Muisca who inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense; the central highlands of the Colombian Andes. Iraca can also refer to the Iraka Valley over which they ruled.{{in lang|es}} Life of Alexander von Humboldt - Ciudad de Santa Fe Important scholars who wrote about the iraca were Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita, Alexander von Humboldt and Ezequiel Uricoechea.

Background

File:Templo del sol.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Reconstruction of the Sun Temple of Sugamuxi, where the iraca lived]]In the centuries before the Spanish conquistadores entered central Colombia in the 1530s, the valleys of the Eastern Ranges were ruled by four main leaders and several independent caciques. The northern territories were ruled by the zaque from Hunza, the present-day capital of Boyacá department and the southern area under the reign of the zipa, based in Bacatá, currently known as the Colombian capital Bogotá. Other important rulers were the iraca and the cacique Tundama based in Tundama, today known as the city of Duitama. The Muisca were one of the four advanced civilizations of the Americas, between the Aztec and Maya civilization in the north and the Incas south of Colombia.Ocampo López, 2007, p.52

Description

(File:Sugamuxi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sugamuxi, the last iraca)The iraca was a cacique of the sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi, present-day Sogamoso. His domain was a territory spreading over Sogamoso, Pesca, Iza, Tobasía, Firavitoba, Busbanzá, Toca, Gámeza, Tota, Mongua and areas adjacent to Lake Tota.{{in lang|es}} Iraca rulers - Pueblos OriginariosThe iraca was both a political and a religious leader (priest), in the religion of the Muisca said to have descended from Idacansás and educated by messenger god Bochica. It is thought that the iracas inherited the knowledge of Bochica from their predecessors.{{in lang|es}} Sugamuxi {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204064828www.udistrital.edu.co/universidad/colombia/historia/prehispanica/muiscas/sugamuxi/ |date=2016-02-04 }} - Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas The role of iraca was widely respected in the Muisca territories and also was important for the astronomy of the Muisca.Langebaek Rueda et al., 2005, p.281 The iraca was elected by the caciques of Gámeza, Busbanzá, Pesca and Toca. Generally a cacique from Tobasía or Firavitoba was elected alternatingly. In cases where the election was indecisive, the tundama of Tundama would intervene.The iraca of Sugamuxi lived in the Sun Temple, the most important temple of the Muisca, built to worship the Muisca Sun god Sué, in Sugamuxi, decorated inside with golden figures; tunjos and golden plates outside.{{in lang|es}} Official website Sogamoso {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103430www.sogamoso-boyaca.gov.co/informacion_general.shtml |date=2015-09-24 }}The Sun Temple was destroyed by fire from the torches of soldiers in the army of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, the conquistador who made first contact with the Muisca in September 1537 in search of El Dorado.{{in lang|es}} Temple of the Sun - Sogamoso - Pueblos Originarios

Known iraca

From the ages before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca little is known and much is based on mythology. Confirmed iraca were:

• Nompanim - died early 16th century
• Sugamuxi - died 1539

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See also

• Spanish conquest of the Muisca
• Muisca
• Muisca Confederation
• Muisca rulers, Tundama
• Idacansás

References

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Bibliography

• LSA, Carl Henrik Langebaek, Langebaek Rueda, Carl Henrik et al., 2005, Muiscas: representaciones, cartografías y etnopolíticas de la memoria - The Muisca: representations, cartography and ethnopolitics, Pontifical Xavierian University, Universidad Javeriana, 1–380, 958-683-643-6, es,
• LSA, Javier Ocampo López, Ocampo López, Javier, 2013, Mitos y leyendas indígenas de Colombia - Indigenous myths and legends of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., 978-958-14-1416-1, 1–219, es,
• LSA, Javier Ocampo López, Ocampo López, Javier, 2007, Grandes culturas indígenas de América - Great indigenous cultures of the Americas, Bogotá, Colombia, Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., 978-958-14-0368-4, 1–238, es,

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