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copper(I) acetylide
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copper(I) acetylide
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{{chembox| Verifiedfields = changed| Watchedfields = changed| verifiedrevid = 440410848| ImageFile=Copper acetylide.png| ImageSize=120px| IUPACName=Dicuprous acetylide| OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
correct|??}}| CASNo=1117-94-8| PubChem=19021056| SMILES=[C-]#[C-].[Cu+].[Cu+] | changed|chemspider}}| ChemSpiderID = 14318114| InChI = 1/C2.2Cu/c1-2;;/q-2;2*+1| InChIKey = SQDLRJMJSRRYGA-UHFFFAOYAK | changed|chemspider}}| StdInChI = 1S/C2.2Cu/c1-2;;/q-2;2*+1 | changed|chemspider}}| StdInChIKey = SQDLRJMJSRRYGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}|Section2={hide}Chembox Properties
| Cu=2| Appearance= red-brown powder| Density=| MeltingPt=| BoilingPt=| Solubility=
{edih}|Section3={hide}Chembox Hazards| MainHazards= explosive| FlashPt=| AutoignitionPt =
| 0150{edih}| REL = TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)| IDLH = TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)
}}
}}Copper(I) acetylide, Kupfercarbid or cuprous acetylide, is a chemical compound with the formula Cu2C2. Although never characterized by X-ray crystallography, the material has been claimed at least since 1856. One form is claimed to be a monohydrate with formula {{chem|Cu|2|C|2}}.{{chem|H|2|O}} is a reddish-brown explosive powder.SynthesisMaterials purported to be copper acetylide can be prepared by treating acetylene with a solution of copper(I) chloride and ammonia:
C2H2 (g) + 2 CuCl (s) â Cu2C2 (s) + 2 HCl (g)
This reaction produces a reddish solid precipitate.PropertiesWhen dry, copper acetylide is a heat and shock sensitive primary explosive, more sensitive than silver acetylide.JOURNAL, Cataldo, Franco, Casari, Carlo S., Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Properties of Copper and Silver Polyynides and Acetylides, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 17, 4, 2007, 641â651, 1574-1443, 10.1007/s10904-007-9150-3, 96278932, In acetylene manufacturing plants, copper acetylide is thought to form inside pipes made of copper or an alloy with high copper content, which may result in violent explosion.WEB,weblink Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) - Accident Prevention Program - Miner's Tips - Hazards of Acetylene Gas, 2008-06-08,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080706064005weblink">weblink 2008-07-06, dead, This led to abandonment of copper as a construction material in such facilities.WEB,weblink February 8, 2013, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071001010729weblink">weblink October 1, 2007, Copper, Copper catalysts used in the chemical industry can also possess a degree of risk under certain conditions.WEB,weblink The Safe Use of Copper -Containing Catalysts in Ethylene Plants, 2008-06-08,ReactionsCopper acetylide is the substrate of Glaser coupling for the formation of polyynes. In a typical reaction, a suspension of {{chem|Cu|2|C|2}}.{{chem|H|2|O}} in an amoniacal solution is treated with air. The copper is oxidized to {{chem|Cu|2+}} and forms a blue soluble complex with the ammonia, leaving behind a black solid residue. The latter has been claimed to consist of carbyne, an elusive allotrope of carbon:Franco Cataldo (1999), ' 'A study on the structure and electrical properties of the fourth carbon allotrope: carbyne''. Polymer International, volume 44, issue 2, pages 191â200. {{doi|10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(199710)44:2}}
{{chem|Cu|+}} âC(â¡CâCâ¡)nCâ {{chem|Cu|+}}
This interpretation has been disputed. H. Kroto (2010), Carbyne and other myths about carbon. RSC Chemistry World, November 2010.Freshly prepared copper acetylide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form acetylene and copper(I) chloride. Samples that have been aged with exposure to air or to copper(II) ions liberate also higher polyynes H(âCâ¡Câ)nH, with n from 2 to 6, when decomposed by hydrochloric acid. A "carbonaceous" residue of this decomposition also has the spectral signature of (âCâ¡Câ)n chains. It has been conjectured that oxidation causes polymerization of the acetylide anions {{chem|C|2|2-}} in the solid into carbyne-type anions .C(â¡CâCâ¡)nC2â or polycumulene-type anions C(=C=C=)mC4â. Franco Cataldo (1999), From dicopper acetylide to carbyne.Polymer International, volume 48, issue 1, pages 15-22. {{doi|10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(199901)48:1}}Thermal decomposition of copper acetylide in vacuum is not explosive and leaves copper as a fine powder at the bottom of the flask, while depositing a fluffy very fine carbon powder on the walls. On the basis of spectral data, this powder was claimed to be carbyne C(âCâ¡Câ)nC rather than graphite as expected.ApplicationsThough not practically useful as an explosive due to high sensitivity, it is interesting as a curiosity because it is one of the very few explosives that do not liberate any gaseous products upon detonation.The formation of copper acetylide when a gas is passed through a solution of copper(I) chloride is used as a test for the presence of acetylene.Reactions between Cu+ and alkynes occur only if a terminal hydrogen is present (as it is slightly acidic in nature). Thus, this reaction is used for identification of terminal alkynes.See alsoReferences{{reflist}}{{Copper compounds}}{{Carbides}} |
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