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{{Short description|Grammatical case}}{{Refimprove|date=March 2007}}{{Special characters}}In grammar, the allative case ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|l|ə|t|ɪ|v}} {{respell|AL|ə|tiv}}; abbreviated {{sc|all}}; from Latin allāt-, afferre "to bring to") is a type of locative grammatical case. The term allative is generally used for the lative case in the majority of languages that do not make finer distinctions.

Finnish

In the Finnish language (Uralic language), the allative is the fifth of the locative cases, with the basic meaning of "onto". Its ending is -lle, for example pöytä (table) and pöydälle (onto the top of the table). In addition, it is the logical complement of the adessive case for referring to "being around the place". For example, koululle means "to the vicinity of the school". With time, the use is the same: ruokatunti (lunch break) and ... lähti ruokatunnille ("... left to the lunch break"). Some actions require the case, e.g. kävely - mennä kävelylle "a walk - go for a walk". It also means "to" or "for", for example minä (me) and minulle (to/for me).The other locative cases in Finnish and Estonian are these:

• Inessive case ("in")
• Elative case ("out of")
• Illative case ("into")
• Adessive case ("on")
• Ablative case ("from off")

Baltic languages

In the Lithuanian and Latvian languages the allative had been used dialectally as an innovation since Proto-Indo-European, but it is almost out of use in modern times. Its ending in Lithuanian is -op which was shortened from -opi, whereas its ending in Latvian is -up. In the modern languages the remains of the allative can be found in certain fixed expressions that have become adverbs, such as Lithuanian išėjo Dievop ("gone to God", i.e. died), velniop! ("to hell!"), nuteisti myriop ("sentence to death"), rudeniop ("towards autumn"), vakarop ("towards the evening"), Latvian mājup ("towards home"), kalnup ("uphill"), lejup ("downhill").{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Greek

In Mycenaean Greek, a -de ending is used to denote an allative, when it is not being used as an enclitic,Ventris, Michael and John Chadwick. Documents in Mycenaean Greek e.g. te-qa-de, *Tʰēgʷasde, "to Thebes" (Linear B: ). This ending survives into Ancient Greek in words such as Athḗnaze,{{LSJ|*)aqh/naze|Ἀθήναζε|ref|mLSJ}}. from accusative Athḗnās + -de.

Hebrew

In Biblical Hebrew (more common in Classical Biblical Hebrew than in Late Biblical Hebrew)JOURNAL, Joosten, Jan, 2005, The Distinction Between Classical and Late Biblical Hebrew as Reflected in Syntax,weblink Hebrew Studies, 46, 337, 27913754, 0146-4094, the "directional he", "locative he" or he locale,JOURNAL, Meier, Samuel A., 1991, Linguistic Clues on the Date and Canaanite Origin of Genesis 2:23-24,weblink The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 53, 1, 20, 43718217, 0008-7912, in the form of {{Script/Hebrew|־ָה}} /-ɔh/ suffixed to nouns (often place names) also functions as an allative marker, usually translated as 'to' or 'toward'.Waltke, Bruce, and Michael O'Connor, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax (Winonana Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990), 185-86. The directional he appears in later phases of the Hebrew language in expressions such as {{Script/Hebrew|{{wikt-lang|he|מעלה}}}} (upwards) and {{Script/Hebrew|{{wikt-lang|he|הביתה}}}} (homeward).JOURNAL, Joosten, Jan, 2005, The Distinction Between Classical and Late Biblical Hebrew as Reflected in Syntax,weblink Hebrew Studies, 46, 337, 27913754, 0146-4094,

Wanyi

Wanyi, an endangered Australian language, has the allative suffixes -kurru/wurru.

Latin

The Latin accusative of towns and small islands is used for motion towardsAllen and Greenough, sect. 427 in a way that is analogous to the allative case.

Udmurt

In the Udmurt language, words inflected with the allative (often called "approximative" in Permic languages) case ending "-лань" /ɫɑɲ/ express the direction of a movement.

Further reading

• BOOK, Karlsson, Fred, 2018, Finnish - A Comprehensive Grammar, London and New York, Routledge, 978-1-138-82104-0,
• WEB, Anhava, Jaakko, 2015, Criteria For Case Forms in Finnish and Hungarian Grammars, Helsinki, journal.fi, Finnish Scholarly Journals Online,weblink

References

{{reflist}}{{Grammatical cases}}