{{Short description|Family of insects}}{{Automatic taxobox| oldest_fossil = Toarcian| youngest_fossil = | image = Sialis lutaria01.jpg| image_caption = Adult Sialis lutaria| taxon = Sialidae

William Elford Leach>Leach, 1815| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies| subdivision = See text}}Alderflies are megalopteran insects of the family Sialidae. They are closely related to the dobsonflies and fishflies as well as to the prehistoric Euchauliodidae. All living alderflies â€“ about 66 species all togetherJOURNAL, Engel, M.S., Grimaldi D.A., 2007, The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera), American Museum Novitates, 3587, 1â€“58, 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2, 2246/5880,weblink â€“ are part of the subfamily Sialinae, which contains nine extant genera.JOURNAL, Martins, Caleb C., Ardila-Camacho, Adrian, Rivera-GasperÃn, Sara Lariza, Oswald, John D., Liu, Xingyue, Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2022-04-08, A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida),weblink European Journal of Taxonomy, en, 812, 1â€“93, 10.5852/ejt.2022.812.1727, 2118-9773,

Description

Sialinae have a body length of less than 25 mm (1 inch), long filamentous antennae, and four large dark wings of which the anterior pair is slightly longer than the posterior. They lack ocelli and their fourth tarsal segment is dilated and deeply bilobed. Dead alderfly larvae are used as bait in fishing.fly fishing entomology alderfy entry

Life cycle

The females lay a vast number of eggs on grass stems near water. When the larvae are born they drop into the water or the ground nearby it and make their way into their new aquatic biome. The larvae are aquatic, active, armed with strong sharp mandibles, and breathe by means of seven pairs of abdominal branchial filaments. When full sized, which takes between one and two years, they leave the water and spend a quiescent pupal stage on the land before metamorphosis into the sexually mature insect. Adult alderflies stay near to the water in which they had lived when they were younger. Once in their adult stage, they tend to live only 2 to 3 weeks, which they spend mainly in reproducing.

Classification

In addition to the nine living genera, there are several genera of fossil alderflies.JOURNAL, Liu, Xingyue, Hayashi, Fumio, Yang, Ding, 2014-02-07, Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography,weblink Cladistics, en, 31, 1, 18â€“49, 10.1111/cla.12071, 0748-3007,

missing image!
- Sialis lutaria larva (aka).jpg -
Sialis lutaria larva

(File:Sialis_larva_Packard.jpg|thumb|Larva)Family Sialidae

Genus â€ Dobbertinia Handlirsch 1920 Green Series, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
Subfamily â€ Sharasialinae Liu, Hayashi & D.Yang, 2015
- Genus â€ Sharasialis Ponomarenko 2012 Shar-Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
Subfamily Sialinae Leach in Brewster, 1815
- Genus Austrosialis Tillyard, [1919]
  - Species Austrosialis ignicollis Tillyard, [1919]
  - Species Austrosialis maxmouldsi Theischinger, 1983
- Genus Caribesialis Ardila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos, 2021
  - Species Caribesialis bifasciata (Hagen, 1861)
- Genus â€ Dobbertinia Handlirsch in SchrÃ¶der, 1920
  - Species â€ Dobbertinia reticulata Handlirsch in SchrÃ¶der, 1920
- Genus â€ Eosialis Nel, Menier, De PloÃ«g, Hodebert & Danvin, 2002
  - Species â€ Eosialis dorisi Nel et al., 2002
- Genus Haplosialis NavÃ¡s, 1927
  - Species Haplosialis madegassa NavÃ¡s, 1927
  - Species Haplosialis afra NavÃ¡s, (1936)
- Genus â€ Haplosialodes Huang, Azar, Engel, Cai, Garrouste & Nel, 2016
  - Species â€ Haplosialodes liui Huang, Azar, Engel, Cai, Garrouste & Nel, 2016
- Genus Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910
  - Species â€ Ilyobius balticus (Wichard, 1997)
  - Species Ilyobius bimaculata Banks, 1920
  - Species â€ Ilyobius cascus (Engel & Grimaldi, 2007)
  - Species Ilyobius chilensis (McLachlan, (1871)
  - Species Ilyobius curvatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2015b
  - Species Ilyobius flammatus Penny, (1981)
  - Species Ilyobius flavicollis (Enderlein, 1910)
  - Species Ilyobius hauseri Contreras-Ramos, Fiorentin & Urakami, (2005)
  - Species â€ Ilyobius herrlingi Wichard, 2002
  - Species Ilyobius mexicana (Banks, 1901)
  - Species Ilyobius nigrocephalus Ardila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos in Ardila-Camacho et al., 2021
  - Species Ilyobius nubila NavÃ¡s, 1933b
  - Species Ilyobius ranchograndis Contreras-Ramos, 2006b
- Genus Indosialis Lestage, 1927
  - Species Indosialis bannaensis X.-y. Liu et al., 2006
  - Species Indosialis beskonakensis Nel, 1988
  - Species Indosialis indica X.-y. Liu et al., 2008
  - Species Indosialis minora (Banks, 1920)
- Genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920
  - Species Leptosialis africana Esben-Petersen, 1920
- Genus â€ Proindosialis Nel, 1988
  - Species â€ Proindosialis cantalensis Nel, 1988
- Genus Protosialis van der Weele, 1909
  - Species Protosialis americana (Rambur, 1842)
  - Species Protosialis australiensis (Tillyard, [1919)
  - Species Protosialis australis NavÃ¡s, 1927
  - Species Protosialis brasiliensis NavÃ¡s, 1936
  - Species Protosialis minora Banks, 1920
  - Species â€ Protosialis voigti (Wichard & Engel, 2006)
- Genus Sialis Latreille, 1802
  - Species Approximately 90
  - Species Sialis abchasica Vshivkova, 1985
  - Species Sialis aequalis Banks, 1920
  - Species Sialis americana (Rambur, 1842)
  - Species Sialis annae Vshivkova, 1979
  - Species Sialis arvalis Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis atra NavÃ¡s, (1928)
  - Species Sialis bifida Hayashi & Suda, 1997
  - Species Sialis bilineata Say, 1823
  - Species Sialis bilobata Whiting, 1991
  - Species Sialis californica Banks, 1920
  - Species Sialis chilensis McLachlan, (1871)
  - Species Sialis concava Banks, 1897
  - Species Sialis contigua Flint, 1964
  - Species Sialis cornuta Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis didyma NavÃ¡s, 1916
  - Species Sialis dorochovae Vshivkova, 1985
  - Species Sialis dorsata Say, 1823
  - Species Sialis dreisbachi Flint, 1964
  - Species Sialis elegans X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  - Species Sialis flavicollis Enderlein, 1910
  - Species Sialis formosana Esben-Petersen, 1913
  - Species Sialis frequens Okamoto, 1905
  - Species Sialis fuliginosa F. Pictet, 1836
  - Species Sialis fumosa NavÃ¡s, 1915
  - Species Sialis glabella Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis gonzalezi Vshivkova, 1985
  - Species â€ Sialis groehni Wichard, 1997
  - Species Sialis hamata Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis hasta Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis henanensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  - Species Sialis imbecilla Say, 1823
  - Species Sialis immarginata Say, 1823
  - Species Sialis infumata Newman, 1838
  - Species Sialis iola Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis itasca Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis japonica van der Weele, 1909
  - Species Sialis jianfengensis D. Yang et al., 2002
  - Species Sialis joppa Ross, 1937
  - Species Sialis klingstedti Vshivkova, 1985
  - Species Sialis kunmingensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
  - Species Sialis levanidovae Vshivkova, 1980
  - Species Sialis longidens Klingstedt, (1932)
  - Species Sialis lutaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Species Sialis martynovae Vshivkova, 1980
  - Species Sialis melania Nakahara, 1915

Subspecies Sialis melania kyushuensis Hayashi & Suda, 1995Subspecies Sialis melania melania Nakahara, 1915Subspecies Sialis melania tohokuensis Hayashi & Suda, 1995Subspecies Sialis melania toyamaensis Hayashi & Suda, 1995

Species Sialis mohri Ross, 1937
Species Sialis morio Klingstedt, (1933)
Species Sialis morrisoni K. Davis, 1903
Species Sialis muratensis Nel, 1988
Species Sialis nevadensis K. Davis, 1903
Species Sialis nigripes E. Pictet, 1865
Species Sialis nina Townsend, 1939
Species Sialis occidens Ross, 1937
Species Sialis rotunda Banks, 1920
Species Sialis sibirica McLachlan, 1872
Species Sialis sinensis Banks, (1940)
Species Sialis sordida Klingstedt, (1933)
Species Sialis spangleri Flint, 1964
Species Sialis strausi Illies, 1967
Species Sialis vagans Ross, 1937
Species Sialis vanderweelei U. AspÃ¶ck & H. AspÃ¶ck, 1983
Species Sialis velata Ross, 1937
Species Sialis versicoloris X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
Species Sialis yamatoensis Hayashi & Suda, 1995
Species Sialis zhiltzovae Vshivkova, 1985

Genus Stenosialis Tillyard, (1919)
- Species Stenosialis australiensis Tillyard, (1919)
- Species Stenosialis hollowayi Theischinger, 1983

Sialis lutaria is the commonest alderfly in the United Kingdom{{aut|Arkive}} (2006): weblink" title="archive.today/20120717183331weblink">Alderfly - Sialis lutaria. Retrieved 28 June 2006. and across much of Europe.{{Clear|left}}

References

External links

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