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Upper motor neuron
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Upper motor neuron
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Neurons in the brain that carry signals to lower motor neurons}}{{Refimprove|date=May 2010}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
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Pathways
Upper motor neurons travel in several neural pathways through the central nervous system (CNS):{| class="wikitable"Tract > | Pathway >| Function
|-
| corticospinal tract || from the motor cortex to lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord || The major function of this pathway is fine voluntary motor control of the limbs. The pathway also controls voluntary body posture adjustments. |- | corticobulbar tract || from the motor cortex to several nuclei in the pons and medulla oblongata || Involved in control of facial and jaw musculature, swallowing and tongue movements. |- | colliculospinal tract (tectospinal tract) || from the superior colliculus to lower motor neurons || Involved in involuntary adjustment of head position in response to visual information. |- | rubrospinal tract || from red nucleus to lower motor neurons || Involved in involuntary adjustment of arm position in response to balance information; support of the body. |- | vestibulospinal tract || from vestibular nuclei, which processes stimuli from semicircular canals || It is responsible for adjusting posture to maintain balance. |- | reticulospinal tract || from reticular formation || Regulates various involuntary motor activities and assists in balance. |
Lesions
Any upper motor neuron lesion, also known as pyramidal insufficiency, occurs in the neural pathway above the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Such lesions can arise as a result of stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury or other acquired brain injury. The resulting changes in muscle performance that can be wide and varied are described overall as upper motor neuron syndrome. Symptoms can include muscle weakness, decreased motor control including a loss of the ability to perform fine movements, increased vigor (and decreased threshold) of spinal reflexes including spasticity, clonus (involuntary, successive cycles of contraction/relaxation of a muscle), and an extensor plantar response known as the Babinski sign.JOURNAL,weblink Damage to Descending Motor Pathways: The Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome, Dale, Purves, George J., Augustine, David, Fitzpatrick, Lawrence C., Katz, Anthony-Samuel, LaMantia, James O., McNamara, S. Mark, Williams, 9 May 2018, 9 May 2018, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, live,weblink 3 May 2018,See also
References
{{Reflist}}External links
- {{DorlandsDict|five/000067688|motoneuron}}
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Upper motor neuron" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 6:51pm EDT - Sat, May 04 2024
- "Upper motor neuron" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 6:51pm EDT - Sat, May 04 2024
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