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United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|UK government research organisation}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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History
The authority was established on 19 July 1954 when the Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954WEB,weblink UK Parliament Select Committee on Public Accounts, Forty Second Report, 26 March 2013, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120314010806weblink">weblink 14 March 2012, received royal assent and gave the authority the power "to produce, use and dispose of atomic energy and carry out research into any matters therewith".NEWS,weblink UKAEA's First 50 Years, Nuclear Engineering International, 5 November 2004, 17 January 2014, UKAEA â The First Fifty Years, Andy Munn,weblink United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority was formed from the Ministry of Supply, Department of Atomic Energy and inherited its facilities and most of its personnel on its formation.The first chairman was Sir Edwin Plowden, with board members running the three major divisions:- Industrial Group: Sir Christopher Hinton
- Research Group: Sir John Cockcroft
- Weapons Group: Sir William Penney
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21st century
Following the Energy Act 2004, on 1 April 2005 the UK's specialist nuclear police force, the UK Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary, was reconstituted as the Civil Nuclear Constabulary. Responsibility for the force was also removed from the authority and transferred to the Civil Nuclear Police Authority. The 2004 Act also established the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), which on 1 April 2005 took ownership and responsibility for the liabilities relating to the cleanup of UK nuclear sites. The authority became a contractor for the NDA for the decommissioning work at Dounreay, Harwell, Windscale, Winfrith and the JET facilities at Culham.On 1 April 2008, the Authority announced a major re-structuring to meet its decommissioning obligations with the NDA. A new wholly owned subsidiary, UKAEA Limited, was formed with established expertise from the existing company, to focus on nuclear decommissioning and environmental restoration management and consultancy in the United Kingdom and international markets.At the same time, Dounreay Site Restoration Limited (DSRL) was formed out of the existing Authority team at Dounreay and was licensed by the Health and Safety Executive to operate the site and carry out its decommissioning under the Authority's management. DSRL became a subsidiary of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Limited.In parallel with these changes, the site at Windscale in Cumbria was transferred to Sellafield Ltd, a site licence company under contract to the NDA, following close review and scrutiny by the Health and Safety Executive and environmental and security regulators. The majority of authority employees at the site transferred to Sellafield Ltd.On 2 February 2009, the authority announced the next stage in restructuring. Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL), was formed from the existing teams at Harwell in Oxfordshire and Winfrith in Dorset and licensed by the Health and Safety Executive to operate those sites. RSRL continued the decommissioning programmes for Harwell and Winfrith on behalf of the NDA. RSRL also became a subsidiary of UKAEA Limited.In October 2009, Babcock International Group plc acquired UKAEA Limited, the nuclear clean-up subsidiary of the authority, including its subsidiary companies DSRL and RSRL.WEB,weblink History, UKAEA,weblink 5 January 2013, In 2009 the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) was launched as the new name for the home of United Kingdom fusion research.In 2014 UKAEA announced the creation of a new branch of research, using expertise gained from the remote handling system created for JET to form a new centre for robotics known as RACE (Remote Applications in Challenging Environments).Current activities
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority states its mission as "To lead the delivery of sustainable fusion energy and maximise the scientific and economic benefit."WEB,weblink About us, GOV.UK, en, 2019-07-11, Its research programmes include a number of laboratories and other facilities at the Culham site.(File:ProjectPixels Plasma.jpg|alt=A plasma test in the MAST experiment at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, 2013.|thumb|A plasma test in the MAST experiment at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, 2013)Facilities and programmes
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
The UK's national laboratory for fusion research, CCFE undertakes plasma theory and modelling studies to establish the physics basis for future fusion powerplants. It also studies the materials and engineering technology of tokamak fusion reactors. The centrepiece of CCFE's programme is the MAST Upgrade spherical tokamak experiment - the successor to the MAST device - which is expected to begin operation in 2019.CCFE also operates and maintains the Joint European Torus (JET) for its research partners around Europe, and is a member of the co-ordinated R&D programme led by the EUROfusion consortium.Materials Research Facility
UKAEA's Materials Research Facility carries out micro-characterisation of radioactive materials for researchers in both fusion energy and nuclear fission. It is open to users from academic and commercial organisations, aiming to bridge the gap between university laboratories and those at nuclear licensed sites. It is part of the National Nuclear Users' Facility and has received funding from the Henry Royce Institute. On the 14th of October 2022 the Materials Research Facility opened its extension.Oxfordshire Advanced Skills
A partnership between United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and the Science & Technology Facilities Council, Oxfordshire Advanced Skills is an apprentice training centre located at Culham Science Centre. It offers training for technicians in engineering and hi-tech disciplines, with the intention of providing employers with highly skilled recruits ready to enter the workplace. Training is provided by the Manufacturing Technology Centre.Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE)
RACE is a test facility for robotics and autonomous systems. It grew out of UKAEA's remote handling operations at the JET nuclear fusion device, which date back to the 1990s. The UK Government funded the construction of the RACE centre at Culham with the intention of taking the knowledge gained at JET into other industries with 'challenging environments' where it is difficult for humans to perform work. RACE currently works with organisations in nuclear fusion and fission, with large physics facilities and with autonomous vehicle developers.Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)
The £220 million STEP programme aims to accelerate the delivery of fusion power to the energy market. STEP will be a prototype powerplant capable of demonstrating fusion as a viable technology for electricity generation. It uses the compact 'spherical tokamak' concept developed by UKAEA at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy. STEP is currently in a five-year conceptual design phase and is expected to be constructed and operational by 2040.H3AT and FTF
In December 2017, UKAEA announced plans for two further fusion research centres: Hydrogen-3 Advanced Technology (H3AT) and Fusion Technology Facilities.WEB,weblink £86 million boost for UK nuclear fusion programme, GOV.UK, en, 2019-07-11, H3AT, located at Culham, will study the processing and storage of tritium, one of the two fuels expected to supply commercial fusion reactors. The Fusion Technology Facilities, based at both Culham and at a new UKAEA Yorkshire site in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, carries out thermal, mechanical, hydraulic and electromagnetic tests on prototype components to replicate the conditions experienced inside fusion reactors.Coat of arms
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Locations
Authority site locations:- Culham Science Centre, Culham, Oxfordshire
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire
- Advanced Manufacturing Park, Rotherham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Berkshire
- Capenhurst (near Chester)
- Chapelcross nuclear power station, Chapelcross (near Annan, Dumfries and Galloway)
- Culcheth (near Warrington)
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury (near Warrington)
- Dounreay, Caithness
- Windscale (now part of Sellafield)
- Risley (near Warrington)
- Springfields (near Preston)
- Winfrith, Dorset
See also
- Atomic Energy Authority Act
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment
- Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
- Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom
- BNFL
- John Dolphin CBE
- Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
- Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
- UK Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary
- Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
- United States Atomic Energy Commission
References
{{Reflist}}External links
- {{Official websiteweblink}}
- Culham Centre for Fusion Energy website
- Dounreay Site Restoration Limited (DSRL) Website
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20000915093227weblink">Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL) Website
- UKAEA History â The First Fifty Years
- Harry Cartwright - Daily Telegraph obituary
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:20am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:20am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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