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Swedish dialects
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{citations missing|date=January 2007}}Swedish dialects are the various forms of the Swedish language, particularly those that differ considerably from Standard Swedish.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
Traditional dialects
missing image!
- Swedish_dialects.PNG -
thumbnail|Map showing the Swedish dialects traditionally spoken. (Even the northernmost part of Sweden now speaks Swedish, and the Estonian dialects are almost extinct.)
The linguistic definition of a Swedish traditional dialect, in the literature merely called dialect, is a local variant that has not been heavily influenced by Standard Swedish and that can trace a separate development all the way back to Old Norse. Many of the genuine rural dialects have very distinct phonetic and grammatical features, such as plural forms of verbs or archaic case inflections. These dialects can be nearly incomprehensible to most Swedes, and most of their speakers are also fluent in Standard Swedish.The different dialects are often so localized that they are limited to individual parishes and are referred to by Swedish linguists as (lit. "parish speech"). They are generally separated into the six traditional dialect groups, with common characteristics of prosody, grammar and vocabulary.JOURNAL, Leinonen, Therese, 2011, Aggregate Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects,weblink Oslo Studies in Language, en, 3, 2, 75â95, 10.5617/osla.101, free, The color represents the core area and the samples are from Svenska Dagbladet's dialect project.
- Swedish_dialects.PNG -
thumbnail|Map showing the Swedish dialects traditionally spoken. (Even the northernmost part of Sweden now speaks Swedish, and the Estonian dialects are almost extinct.)
South Swedish dialects (dark blue); (SkÃ¥ne, Perstorps socken, N. Ã
sbo härad).
Götaland dialects (red); (Västergötland, Korsberga socken, Vartofta härad, Skaraborgs län).
Svealand dialects (dark green); (Uppland, Håtuna socken, Håbo härad).
Norrland dialects (light blue); (Västerbotten, Skellefte socken, Löparnäs).
Finland Swedish and Estonian Swedish (orange); (Finland, Ãsterbotten, Sideby socken).
Gotland dialects (light green); (Gotland, När Socken, Gotlands södra härad).
The areas with mixed colors as stripes are transitional areas.{{harvp|Pettersson|1996}} The parts in yellow with coloured dots represent various distinct dialect areas which are not easily defined as belonging to any of the six major groups above. The areas west of the core for Norrland dialects, west of Svealand dialects and north of Götaland dialects are related to each of these, respectively, indicated by the colour of the dots. Samples from these areas: Jämtland, Föllinge sockenWEB, 10 January 2003, Jämtland, Föllinge socken (LitsmÃ¥len),weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20030211183157weblink">weblink 11 February 2003, Svenska Dagbladet, (related to Norrland dialects), Dalarna, Ãlvdalens sockenWEB, 9 January 2003, Dalarna, Ãlvdalens socken: När luffaren kom till fäboden.,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20030211181140weblink">weblink 11 February 2003, Svenska Dagbladet, (related to Svealand dialects) and Värmland, Nordmarks härad, Töcksmarks sockenWEB, 10 January 2003, Värmland, Nordmarks härad, Töcksmarks socken: Ett slagsmÃ¥l mellan svenskar och norrmän.,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20030211180445weblink">weblink 11 February 2003, Svenska Dagbladet, (related to Götaland dialects). The dialects of this category have in common that they all show more or less strong Norwegian influences, especially the dialects in Härjedalen, Northwestern Jämtland and Northwestern Dalarna. Dialects often show similarities along traditional travelling routes such as the great rivers in Northern Sweden, which start in the mountains at the Norwegian border and then follow a South-Easterly path towards the Bothnian Sea.The grey area does not have any independently developed Swedish dialect.Here is a summary of some of the most important differences between the major groups.{| class="wikitable"- {{IPA|/r/}} + {{IPA|/l/}} â {{IPA|[É]}}
- {{IPA|/r/}} + {{IPA|/n/}} â {{IPA|[ɳ]}}
- {{IPA|/r/}} + {{IPA|/s/}} â {{IPA|[Ê]}}
- {{IPA|/r/}} + {{IPA|/t/}} â {{IPA|[Ê]}}
- {{IPA|/r/}} + {{IPA|/d/}} â {{IPA|[É]}}
Classification
The following dialect groups are sometimes classified as "Swedish" in the broadest sense (North Scandinavian):WEB,weblink North Scandinavian, 2022-05-24, 2022-11-13, Glottolog, Hammarström, Harald,weblink 2022-06-28, live, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Forkel, Robert, Haspelmath, Martin, Bank, Sebastian,- Archaic Gutnish
- Dalecarlian
- Archaic Finnish Swedish, Estonian Swedish, Swedish
- Archaic Norrlandic, Jamtska
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}References
- BOOK, Pettersson, Gertrud, Svenska språket under sjuhundra år: En historia om svenskan och dess utforskande, 1996, Studentlitteratur, 91-44-48221-3, Lund, sv,
External links
- More samples, from many dialects not listed in this article. (Swedish site)
- Dialect map with audio from the Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore.
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Swedish dialects" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:01am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Swedish dialects" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:01am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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