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State Council of East Germany
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State Council of East Germany
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Refimprove|date=December 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}{{short description|Collective head of state of the German Democratic Republic}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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Origins
When the German Democratic Republic was founded in October 1949, its constitution specified the form of a federalist parliamentary democracy, though the government was actually non-democratic in terms of control. One of the "bourgeois" features of the constitution (in Article 66) was the office of President, which was filled by Wilhelm Pieck, formerly the leader of the eastern branch of the Communist Party of Germany and now one of the two chairmen of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). However, from the start, the East German government was completely controlled by the SED, and over time its actual power structure grew closer to the model of the Stalinist USSR. When Pieck died on 7 September 1960, the SED opted against electing a successor, instead opting for a Soviet-style collective head of state. The constitution was amended on 12 September 1960 by the Law concerning the formation of the State Council, which created a collective body in place of the presidency. The same constitutional amendment also acknowledged the role of the recently formed National Defense Council (Nationaler Verteidigungsrat) in GDR defense policy. The State Council remained virtually unchanged in the 1968 constitution, but its official role was later downplayed in the 1974 constitutional amendments.Election
(File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-Z0624-038, Berlin, DDR-Staatsratsitzung.jpg|thumb|left|260px|Session of the State Council, 25 June 1981)The State Council was elected by the People's Chamber, the East German parliament. Its term was originally four years, but was later changed to five years.The body consisted of a chairman, several deputy chairmen (usually six), further members (usually sixteen) and a secretary. Members were taken from the political parties and mass organizations affiliated to the SED-controlled National Front. Occasionally an otherwise prominent citizen was also included. Outside of East Germany, the chairman's post was reckoned as being equivalent to that of president.On paper, the Chairman of the State Council was the second highest ranking state official in East Germany, following the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In practice, however, the chairmanship was occupied by the leader of the SED for all but a few years of its existence. The sole exceptions were the period of transition from the leadership of Walter Ulbricht to Erich Honecker from 1971 to 1976 and the immediate aftermath of the SED's collapse in 1989. The leaders of the smaller parties in the National Front served as deputy chairmen on the council.Constitutional powers
{{Politics of East Germany}}Powers of the State council included- to call elections to the People's Chamber and other parliamentary bodies
- to appoint members to the National Defense Council
- to grant pardon, amnesty and reprieves
- to ratify international treaties
- to grant diplomatic accreditation
- to grant decorations and awards
- to sponsor families with many children
Abolition
File:Ehemaliges Staatsratsgebäude der DDR.jpg|thumb|right|260px|State Council Building, East BerlinEast BerlinWhen Egon Krenz, Honecker's successor as leader of the SED, failed in his bid to preserve Communist rule in East Germany, he resigned from his offices in party and government, including as Chairman of the State Council. To mark the end of the SED's monopoly on power, LDPD leader Manfred Gerlach was elected chairman. However, the body ceased to be of political importance and merely oversaw the transition to the parliamentary elections of March 1990.The new People's Chamber, the first that emerged from free elections, met for the first time on 5 April 1990. Among its first measures was an amendment to the constitution abolishing the State Council. As provided in the constitution, the Presidium of the People's Chamber, headed by President Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, served as interim head of state until reunification with West Germany on 3 October.List of members
{| class="wikitable" border="1"! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Chairman! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Political party! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Took office! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Left office- Deputy chairmen:
- Otto Grotewohl (SED)
- Johannes Dieckmann (LDPD)
- Gerald Götting (CDU)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD)
- Hans Rietz (DBD)
- Members:Günter Christoph (SED), Erich Correns (KB), Friedrich Ebert (SED), Luise Ermisch (SED), Erich Grützner (FDGB), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Bernard Koenen (SED), Otto Krauss (LDPD), Bruno Leuschner (SED), Karl Mewis (SED), Irmgard Neumann (DBD/DFD), Karl Polak (SED), Karl Rieke (SED), Hans Rodenberg (SED), Horst Schumann (FDJ), Peter Adolf Thiessen (non-affiliated)
- Secretary: Otto Gotsche (SED)
- Deputy chairmen:
- Otto Grotewohl (SED, died 21 September 1964)
- Johannes Dieckmann (LDPD)
- Gerald Götting (CDU)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD)
- Hans Rietz (DBD)
- Members:Erich Correns (KB), Friedrich Ebert (SED), Erich Grützner (SED), Lieselott Herforth (FDGB), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Bernard Koenen (SED), Else Merke (DBD), Günter Mittag (SED), Christel Pappe (FDGB), Karl Rieke (SED), Hans Rodenberg (SED), Horst Schumann (FDJ), Klaus Sorgenicht (SED), Christian Steinmüller (NDPD), Willi Stoph (SED), Paul Strauà (SED)
- Secretary: Otto Gotsche (SED)
- Deputy chairmen:
- Willi Stoph (SED)
- Johannes Dieckmann (LDPD, died 22 February 1969)
- Gerald Götting (CDU)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD)
- Hans Rietz (DBD)
- Members:Erich Correns (KB), Friedrich Ebert (SED), Erich Grützner (SED), Brunhilde Hanke (SED), Lieselott Herforth (FDGB), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Else Merke (DBD), Günter Mittag (SED), Anni Neumann (FDGB), Karl Rieke (SED), Hans Rodenberg (SED), Maria Schneider (FDGB), Horst Schumann (SED), Hans-Simon Schneider (NDPD), Klaus Sorgenicht (SED), Paul Strauà (SED)elected 1969: Bruno Thalmann (LDPD)
- Secretary: Otto Gotsche (SED)
- Deputy chairmen:
- Friedrich Ebert (SED, acting chairman 1 August â 3 October 1973)
- Willi Stoph (SED)
- Gerald Götting (CDU)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD)
- Hans Rietz (DBD)
- Members:Kurt Anclam (LDPD), Friedrich Clermont (SED), Erich Correns (KB), Willi Grandetzka (DBD), Erich Grützner (SED), Brunhilde Hanke (SED), Lieselott Herforth (FDGB), Erich Honecker (SED), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Margarete Müller (SED), Hans Rodenberg (SED), Klaus Sorgenicht (SED), Paul Strauà (SED), Ilse Thiele (DFD), Paul Verner (SED), Rosel Walther (NDPD), Herbert Warnke (SED)
- Secretary:Heinz Eichler (SED)
- Deputy chairmen:
- Friedrich Ebert (SED, died 4 December 1979)
- Willi Stoph (SED)
- Horst Sindermann (SED)
- Gerald Götting (CDU)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD)
- Ernst Goldenbaum (DBD)
- Members:Kurt Anclam (LDPD), Erich Correns (KB), Willi Grandetzka (DBD, died 14 April 1979), Kurt Hager (SED), Brunhilde Hanke (SED), Lieselott Herforth (FDGB), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Margarete Müller (SED), Albert Norden (SED), Bernhard Quandt (SED), Klaus Sorgenicht (SED), Paul Strauà (SED), Ilse Thiele (DFD), Harry Tisch (SED), Paul Verner (SED), Rosel Walther (NDPD)elected 1979: Werner Seifert (DBD)
- Secretary: Heinz Eichler (SED)
- Deputy chairmen:
- Willi Stoph (SED)
- Horst Sindermann (SED)
- Paul Verner (SED)
- Gerald Götting (CDU)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD)
- Ernst Goldenbaum (DBD)
- Members:Kurt Anclam (LDPD), Werner Felfe (SED), Kurt Hager (SED), Brunhilde Hanke (SED), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Egon Krenz (FDJ), Günter Mittag (SED), Margarete Müller (SED), Alois Pisnik (SED), Bernhard Quandt (SED), Werner Seifert (DBD), Klaus Sorgenicht (SED), Paul Strauà (SED), Ilse Thiele (DFD), Harry Tisch (SED), Johanna Töpfer (FDGB), Rosel Walther (NDPD),
- Secretary: Heinz Eichler (SED)
- Deputy chairmen:
- Willi Stoph (SED, resigned 16 November 1989)
- Horst Sindermann (SED, resigned 16 November 1989)
- Egon Krenz (SED, elected chairman 24 October 1989, resigned 6 December 1989)
- Günter Mittag (SED)
- Gerald Götting (CDU, dismissed 7 November 1989)
- Heinrich Homann (NDPD)
- Manfred Gerlach (LDPD, elected chairman 6 December 1989)
- Günther Maleuda (DBD)
- Members:Eberhard Aurich (FDJ, resigned 29 January 1990), Fritz Dallmann (VdgB), Werner Felfe (SED, died 7 September 1988), Kurt Hager (SED, resigned 16 November 1989), Brunhilde Hanke (SED), Leonhard Helmschrott (DBD), Friedrich Kind (CDU), Eveline Klett (DFD), Lothar Kolditz (KB), Peter Moreth (LDPD), Margarete Müller (SED), Alois Pisnik (SED), Bernhard Quandt (SED), Klaus Sorgenicht (SED, resigned 29 January 1990), Paul Strauà (SED), Ilse Thiele (DFD), Harry Tisch (SED, resigned 16 November 1989), Johanna Töpfer (FDGB), Rosel Walther (NDPD), Monika Werner (SED)elected 1988: Peter Florin (SED), Werner Krolikowski (SED, resigned 16 November 1989)elected 17 November 1989: Manfred Mühlmann (NDPD), Gerhard Lindner (LDPD)
- Secretary: Heinz Eichler (SED, resigned 16 November 1989)
References
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