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Screw sloop
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
(File:USS Alaska.jpg|thumb|USS Alaska, a screw sloop)A screw sloop is a propeller-driven sloop-of-war. They were popularized in the mid-19th century, during the introduction of the steam engine and the transition of fleets to this new technology.{{sfn|Bennett|1900|p=29}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
The sailing sloop
The British sloop in the Age of Sail
In the Age of Sail, there was a large variety of terms to describe sailing vessels. In British English, the meaning of the term 'sloop' depends on the context. The main source of confusion about the term sloop, is that for commercial vessels, 'sloop' referred and refers to a vessel with a single mast rigged fore-and-aft.{{sfn|Mclaughlan|2014|p=13}} If the term referred to a British warship, its meaning was heavily dependent on the number of officers and men on the vessel. Under the rating system of the Royal Navy, any vessel that did not require a post-captain as commander, was a sloop. This generally referred to all vessels with less than 20 guns. By this system, small frigates that lost most of their guns and sailors so they could be used as transports, would be reclassified as sloops. The same logic also applied to fireships, which were typically made by converting fifth or sixth rate ships.{{sfn|Mclaughlan|2014|p=11}}In the late 17th century, sloops were generally ketch-rigged bomb vessels or generally ship-rigged fireships. After the start of the Seven Years' War in 1756, the majority of sloop was designed to have three masts.{{sfn|Mclaughlan|2014|p=27}}Under steam
Steam vessels driven by propellers were differentiated from those driven by paddle-wheels by referring to the ship's screws (propellers).{{sfn|Brown|2014|p=Glossary}} Other propeller-driven warships included the heavier steam corvette and the ligther gun vessel.The United Kingdom
File:Engelska Krono Augfartyet Hecla efter affaren wid Ekenas d.27 May 1854 RMG PY0896.jpg|thumb|The Hydra-class sloopHydra-class sloopFile:H.M. Steam sloops Rattler and Alecto towing stern to stern, for the purpose of testing the relative powers of the Screw Propeller and the Paddle Wheel - in the North Sea during a perfect calm on the 3rd of April 1845, RMG PY0923.jpg|thumb|Screw sloop Rattler vs paddle sloop Alecto in 1845]]By 1833, the Royal Navy's vessels fell in three classes:{{sfn|Miles|1841|p=38}}{{sfn|List|1834|p=143}}- Rated ships and yachts, commanded by captains
- Sloops and bomb vessels, commanded by commanders.
- All other smaller vessels, commanded by lieutenants and inferior officers.
- First class: commanded by captains, e.g. HMS Cyclops and HMS Gorgon
- Second class: commanded by commanders, e.g. HMS Rhadamanthus and the Hydra-class sloop
- Third class: commanded by lieutenants and masters, e.g. Meteor and Firebrand
In the USA
In the 1860s American context, the general meaning of the word 'sloop' was: A three masted square-rigged ship with a full broadside on a single deck. In a more loose sense, it could also refer to a three-mast vessel like CSS Alabama, which was a barque and lacked a full broadside.{{sfn|Brown|2014|p=Glossary}}USS Princeton launched in September 1843, was the first world's screw steam vessel of war.{{sfn|Bennett|1900|p=26}} She had been designed by John Ericsson, who had previously applied the screw to commercial boats. Princeton was also revolutionary, because it had its engines under the waterline, and had an armament that included a very high caliber wrought iron gun. This gun proved able to penetrate 4.5 inches of armor. The success of Princeton led the United States Navy to slowly shift to the propeller as means of propulsion.{{sfn|Bennett|1900|p=26}} In 1857 the United States ordered 5 large screw sloops. USS Hartford was a good example of these.{{sfn|Bennett|1900|p=29}} Brooklyn also belonged to this order that made the screw sloop popular.{{sfn|Shaughnessy|2000}} In 1858 seven smaller screw sloops were ordered. USS Mohican and Narragansett were examples of these seven.{{sfn|Bennett|1900|p=29}}See also
- CSS Alabama
- USS Alaska
- USS Contoocook
- HMS Gannet, now a museum ship.
- USS Housatonic, sunk by the first successful submarine attack.
- USS Wyoming
- {{sclass|Watergeus|sloop}}
- {{ship|Japanese warship|Nisshin}}
References
- BOOK, Bennett, Frank M., The Monitor and the Navy Under Steam, 1900, Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 29, Boston and New York,weblink 6 April 2023,
- BOOK, Brown, Wesley A., Analysis Of The Relationship Between Technology And Strategy And How They Shaped The Confederate States Navy, 15 August 2014, Golden Springs Publishing, 9781782896067,weblink 6 April 2023,
- BOOK, Mclaughlan, Ian, The Sloop of War: 1650-1763, 2014, Seaforth publishing, Barnsley, 9781848321878,weblink
- NEWS, Shaughnessy, Edward J., A Death in the Narrows,weblink 6 April 2023, Naval History Magazine, April 2000,
- BOOK, Miles, E., 1841, An epitome, historical and statistical, descriptive of the Royal Naval Service of England, Ackermann and Co, London,weblink
- BOOK, 1834, The Navy List, Admiralty,weblink {{sfnref, List, 1834, }}
- BOOK, 1845, The Navy List, Admiralty,weblink {{sfnref, List, 1845, }}
- BOOK, Halsted, E.P., 1846, XLV, The Mechanic's Magazine, The paddle-Wheel and screw their comparative powers of speed, Robertson, London,weblink 365-371, 978-1-347-61485-3,
Notes
{{Reflist|2}}{{navy-stub}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Screw sloop" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:15am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Screw sloop" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:15am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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