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Massless particle
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Particle whose invariant mass is zero}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero. At present the only confirmed massless particle is the photon.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
Photon > | γ}} | Self | 0 | 1 | Electromagnetism | Confirmed massless |
Gluon > | {{Subatomic particle | Strong interaction >| Confirmed to exist; masslessness unconfirmed |
Graviton > | G}} | Self | 0 | 2 | Gravitation | Purely hypothetical / unconfirmed |
Standard Model gauge bosons
The photon (carrier of electromagnetism) is one of two known gauge bosons that are both believed to be massless; the other is the gluon (carrier of the strong force). The only other confirmed gauge bosons are the W and Z bosons, which are known from experiment to be extremely massive. Of these, only the photon has been experimentally confirmed to be massless.Although there are compelling theoretical reasons to believe that gluons are massless, they can never be observed as free particles due to being confined within hadrons, and hence their presumed lack of rest mass cannot be confirmed by any feasible experiment.JOURNAL, Valencia, G.
, 1992
, Anomalous gauge-boson couplings at hadron supercolliders
, AIP Conference Proceedings
, 272, 2, 1572â1577
, hep-ph/9209237, 1992AIPC..272.1572V
, 10.1063/1.43410, 18917295
, JOURNAL
, 1992
, Anomalous gauge-boson couplings at hadron supercolliders
, AIP Conference Proceedings
, 272, 2, 1572â1577
, hep-ph/9209237, 1992AIPC..272.1572V
, 10.1063/1.43410, 18917295
, Debrescu, B.A.
, 2005
, Massless gauge bosons other than the photon
, Physical Review Letters
, 94, 15, 151802
, hep-ph/0411004, 2005PhRvL..94o1802D
, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.151802, 15904133, 7123874
, , 2005
, Massless gauge bosons other than the photon
, Physical Review Letters
, 94, 15, 151802
, hep-ph/0411004, 2005PhRvL..94o1802D
, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.151802, 15904133, 7123874
Hypothetical graviton
The graviton is a hypothetical tensor boson proposed to be the carrier of gravitational force in some quantum theories of gravity, but no such theory has been successfully incorporated into the Standard Model, so the Standard Model neither predicts any such particle nor requires it, and no gravitational quantum particle has been indicated by experiment. Whether or not a graviton would be massless if it existed is likewise an open question.Quasiparticles
The Weyl fermion discovered in 2015 is also expected to be massless,NEWS, After 85 year search, massless particle with promise for next-generation electronics found
, 16 July 2015
, Princeton University
, phys.org
,weblink
, JOURNAL
, 16 July 2015
, Princeton University
, phys.org
,weblink
, Su-Yang Xu, Ilya Belopolski, Nasser Alidoust, Madhab Neupane
, etal
, 16 July 2015
, Discovery of a Weyl fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs
, Science (journal), Science
, 349, 6248, 613â617
, American Association for the Advancement of Science, AAAS
, 10.1126/science.aaa9297, 26184916, 1502.03807, 2015Sci...349..613X, 206636457,weblink 2023-11-14
, but these are not actual particles. At one time neutrinos were thought to perhaps be Weyl fermions, but when they were discovered to have mass, that left no fundamental particles of the Weyl type.The Weyl fermions discovered in 2015 are merely quasiparticles â composite motions found in the structure of molecular latices that have particle-like behavior, but are not themselves real particles. Weyl fermions in matter are like phonons, which are also quasiparticles. No real particle that is a Weyl fermion has been found to exist, and there is no compelling theoretical reason that requires them to exist. Neutrinos were originally thought to be massless â and possibly Weyl fermions. However, because neutrinos change flavour as they travel, at least two of the types of neutrinos must have mass (and cannot be Weyl fermions).NEWS
, etal
, 16 July 2015
, Discovery of a Weyl fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs
, Science (journal), Science
, 349, 6248, 613â617
, American Association for the Advancement of Science, AAAS
, 10.1126/science.aaa9297, 26184916, 1502.03807, 2015Sci...349..613X, 206636457,weblink 2023-11-14
, Robert, Garisto
, 1 September 1998
, Neutrinos have mass
, Physical Review Letters
, Focus
, aps.org
, American Physical Society
,weblink 2023-11-14
, The discovery of this phenomenon, known as neutrino oscillation, led to Canadian scientist Arthur B. McDonald and Japanese scientist Takaaki Kajita sharing the 2015 Nobel prize in physics.NEWS
, 1 September 1998
, Neutrinos have mass
, Physical Review Letters
, Focus
, aps.org
, American Physical Society
,weblink 2023-11-14
, Charles, Day
, 2015-10-07
, Takaaki Kajita and Arthur McDonald share 2015 Physics Nobel
, Physics Today
, 0031-9228, 10.1063/PT.5.7208
, , 2015-10-07
, Takaaki Kajita and Arthur McDonald share 2015 Physics Nobel
, Physics Today
, 0031-9228, 10.1063/PT.5.7208
References
{{reflist|25em}}See also
{{Particles}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Massless particle" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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- "Massless particle" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 9:24am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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