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{{short description|List of gravitational wave detections}}(File:LIGO measurement of gravitational waves.svg|thumb|The first measurement of a gravitational wave event)This page contains a list of observed/candidate gravitational wave events.

Origin and nomenclature

Direct observation of gravitational waves, which commenced with the detection of an event by LIGO in 2015,WEB, GW150914 - The First Direct Detection of Gravitational Waves,weblink 2023-03-15, www.ligo.org, plays a key role in gravitational wave astronomy. LIGO has been involved in all subsequent detections to date, with Virgo joining in August 2017.WEB, LSC News,weblink 2023-03-15, www.ligo.org, Joint observation runs of LIGO and VIRGO, designated "O1, O2, etc." span many months, with months of maintenance and upgrades in-between designed to increase the instruments sensitivity and range. Within these run periods, the instruments are capable of detecting gravitational waves.The first run, O1, ran from September 12, 2015, to January 19, 2016, and succeeded in its first gravitational wave detection. O2 ran for a greater duration, from November 30, 2016, to August 25, 2017.JOURNAL, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., 2019-09-04, GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs, Physical Review X, 9, 3, 031040, 1811.12907, 2019PhRvX...9c1040A, 10.1103/PhysRevX.9.031040, 2160-3308, 119366083, O3 began on April 1, 2019, which was briefly suspended on September 30, 2019, for maintenance and upgrades, thus O3a. O3b marks resuming of the run and began on November 1, 2019. Due to the COVID-19 pandemicWEB, Burtnyk, Kimberly, 2019-10-01, LIGO's Commissioning Break Commences,weblink 2020-07-01, LIGO Lab {{!, Caltech}} O3 was forced to end prematurely. O4 began on May 24, 2023; initially planned for March, the project needed more time to stabilize the instruments.The O4 observing run has been extended from one year to 18 months, following plans to make further upgrades for the O5 run. Updated observing plans are published on the official website, containing the latest information on these runs.Ligo, Virgo and Kagra Observing Run Plans There is a two month commissioning break planned from January to March 2024, after which observations will resume for the remainder of O4weblink wave events are named starting with the prefix GW, while observations that trigger an event alert but have not (yet) been confirmed are named starting with the prefix S.WEB,weblink GCN/LVC Notices, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2019-11-11, Six digits then indicate the date of the event, with the two first digits representing the year, the two middle digits the month and two final digits the day of observation. This is similar to the systematic naming for other kinds of astronomical event observations, such as those of gamma-ray bursts.Probable detections that are not confidently identified as gravitational wave events are designated LVT ("LIGO-Virgo trigger"). Known gravitational wave events come from the merger of two black holes (BH), two neutron stars (NS), or a black hole and a neutron star (BHNS).JOURNAL, Fragione, Giacomo, et al., Black Hole and Neutron Star Mergers in Galactic Nuclei, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 488, 1, 47–63, 1811.10627, 10.1093/mnras/stz1651, 2019MNRAS.488...47F, 2019, 85459844, NEWS, Strickland, Ashley, Scientists may have detected violent collision between neutron star, black hole,weblink 3 May 2019, CNN, 3 May 2019, Some objects are in the mass gap between the largest predicted neutron star masses (Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit) and the smallest known black holes.

List of gravitational wave events

{{multipleimage |direction=horizontal | caption_align=center |align=center |header=Events from LIGO & Virgo |image1=O1&O2.svg |caption1=O1 & O2/2015-2017 events |width1=695 |image2=Gravitational wave detection graph.png |caption2=Distance and mass for events up to O4 in 2023 |width2=1000 |footer= }}{| style="float:left" class="wikitable"||+Confirmed events by distance

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7.6

1.1}}}}

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8300

4300}}}}

{{center

34.0

8.4}}}}

{{center

0.68

0.43}}}}

{{center|1=

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85.0

4.3}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

20.0

8.4}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

102

24}}}}

{{center

0.91

0.17}}}}

{{center

15.3

0.3}}}}

{{center

1580

590}}}}

{{center

18.3

1.2}}}}

{{center

-0.03

0.19}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

24.5

3.4}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

18.3

3.5}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

41.0

2.7}}}}

{{center

0.67

0.07}}}}

Originally designated S190408an.

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13.3

0.3}}}}

{{center

0.25

0.11}}}}

{{center|1=

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29.7

5.3}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

8.4

1.0}}}}

{{center|1=

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37.0

3.9}}}}

{{center

0.67

0.07}}}}

First possible observation of a merger of two black holes of very different masses. Originally designated S190412m.

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8.9

0.7}}}}

{{center

4100

1890}}}}

{{center

24.0

3.7}}}}

{{center

0.01

0.33}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

33.4

7.4}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

23.4

6.3}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

54.3

8.4}}}}

{{center

0.69

0.13}}}}

{{center

10.0

0.5}}}}

{{center

5150

2340}}}}

{{center

31.9

4.6}}}}

{{center

-0.01

0.28}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

45.4

9.6}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

30.9

9.6}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

72.8

10.3}}}}

{{center

0.69

0.12}}}}

{{center

10.7

0.4}}}}

{{center

3150

1420}}}}

{{center

30.7

6.6}}}}

{{center

-0.05

0.26}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

40.6

6.6}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

31.4

8.2}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

68.6

8.1}}}}

{{center

0.68

0.11}}}}

Originally designated S190421ar.

{{center

10.4

0.4}}}}

{{center

2550

1330}}}}

{{center

30.3

4.2}}}}

{{center

0.15

0.22}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

39.5

6.9}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

31.0

7.3}}}}

{{center|1=

{{center

67.1

9.2}}}}

{{center

0.75

0.09}}}}

{{center

1.44

0.02}}}}

{{center

0.012

0.01}}}}

{{center|NS}}

{{center| 1.60 - 1.87}}

{{center|NS}}

{{center| 1.46 - 1.69 }}

{{center|?}}

Originally designated S190425z (z:26th trigger|UTC day), this trigger was detected by a single LIGO instrument (of three LVC stations), and is considered by some scientists to have been confirmed as a binary neutron star merger.