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{{Short description|Dutch physiologist (1857–1930)}}

factoids

|birth_place = Haarlem, Netherlands1930195df=y}}|death_place = Utrecht|fields = Physiology|workplaces = University of Utrecht|alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |awards = |religion = |signature = |signature_alt = |footnotes = }} Hendrik Zwaardemaker ({{Birth date|1857|5|10|df=y}} – {{Death date|1930|9|19|df=y}})A. K. M. Noyons. Hendrik Zwaardemaker: 1857-1930. The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Jul., 1931), pp. 525-526 was a Dutch scientist who invented the olfactometer in 1888.JOURNAL, Eibenstein, A., July 2005, Modern psychophysical tests to assess olfactory function, Neurological Sciences, 26, 3, 1590-1874, 147–155, 10.1007/s10072-005-0452-3, 16086127, 23858823, etal, From 1897 to 1927 he was professor of Experimental Physiology at the University of Utrecht. In 1903 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.WEB,www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00004054, Hendrik Zwaardemaker (1857 - 1930), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 31 July 2015, In addition to his work on the sense of smell, he also conducted research on the human heart. He found that salts of potassium and other radioactive elements stimulated the heart.NEWS,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,738236,00.html,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,738236,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090814235226www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,738236,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090814235226www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,738236,00.html, dead, August 14, 2009, Heart Radioactivity, Time (magazine), Time, December 9, 1929, 2007-01-15, His major work was “Die Physiologie des Geruchs” (Physiologie of Olfaction), it appeared in 1895.

Zwaardemaker Pairs

An important contribution of Zwaardemaker’s studies is the concept of odor conjugates. Zwaardemaker discovered that certain odors could be prevented from detection by smell senses when mixed with various essential oils. These combination of odors are referred to as Zwaardemaker Pairs, (or Z-pairs).{| class=“wikitable”! Offensive Odor !! Common Odor Sources !! Z-Pair Essential Oil !! Active IngredientButyric acid >Vomiting>Vomit, Flesh Decomposition, Rancidification Dairy Products >Juniper>Juniper Oil Chlorine >Vanilla >| VanillinAmmonia >Urine >Rose Oil >| IononeTobacco >Cigarette Smoke >Wintergreen Oil >| Methyl salicylateMusk >Almond>Bitter Almond oil BenzaldehydeRubber >Cedar wood>Cedar Oil Skatole >Feces, Coal tar >Cedar wood>Cedar Oil Mercaptan >Natural Gas >Eucalyptus Oil >| Eucalyptol

References

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