GetWiki
Helmuth Brinkmann
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
being →
database →
ethics →
fiction →
history →
internet →
language →
linux →
logic →
method →
news →
policy →
purpose →
religion →
science →
software →
truth →
unix →
wiki →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay →
feed →
help →
system →
wiki →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical →
forked →
imported →
original →
Helmuth Brinkmann
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|German Admiral and Knight's Cross recipients}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
---|---|
Operation Rheinübung
Goal
The goal of Operation Rheinübung (Rhine Exercise) was for Prinz Eugen and the battleship {{ship|German battleship|Bismarck||2}}, under the command of Brinkmann's Crew 1913 classmate Captain Ernst Lindemann,Boyne 1997, p. 56. to break into the Atlantic and attack Allied shipping. Grand Admiral Erich Raeder's orders to the task force commander, Admiral Günther Lütjens, the Chief of Fleet aboard the Bismarck, were that "the objective of the Bismarck is not to defeat enemies of equal strength, but to tie them down in a delaying action, while preserving combat capacity as much as possible, so as to allow Prinz Eugen to get at the merchant ships in the convoy" and "The primary target in this operation is the enemy's merchant shipping; enemy warships will be engaged only when that objective makes it necessary and it can be done without excessive risk."Boyne 1997, pp. 53â54.Events
At 02:00 on 19 May 1941, Bismarck and Prinz Eugen left Gotenhafen and proceeded through the Baltic Sea and out towards the Atlantic. Unknown to Lütjens, the British had intercepted enough signals to infer that a German naval operation might occur in the area. The German task force was first encountered by the Swedish seaplane-cruiser {{HSwMS|Gotland|1933|2}} on 20 May heading north-west, past Göteborg. The British Admiralty was informed through a Norwegian officer in Stockholm who had learned of the sighting from a Swedish military intelligence source. Alerted by this report, British Admiralty requested air reconnaissance of the Norwegian coast. A Spitfire reconnaissance aircraft found and photographed the German task force in the Grimstad fjord ({{coord|60|19.49|N|5|14.48|E|display=inline}}), near Bergen, at 13:15 on 21 May. On the evening of 23 May at 19:22, the German force was detected by the heavy cruisers {{HMS|Suffolk|55|6}} and {{HMS|Norfolk|78|6}} that had been patrolling the Denmark Strait in the expectation of a German breakout. Bismarck fired five salvos without scoring a direct hit. The heavily outgunned British cruisers retired to a safe distance and shadowed the enemy until their own heavy units could draw closer. However, Bismarck{{'}}s forward radar had failed as a result of vibration from the heavy guns firing during this skirmish, and Lütjens was obliged to order Prinz Eugen to move ahead of Bismarck in order to provide the squadron with forward radar coverage.Boyne 1997, pp. 56â58.Battle
The hydrophones on Prinz Eugen detected a foreign ship to port at 05:00. The Germans sighted the smokestacks of two ships at 05:45. The British ships started firing at the German task force at 05:53. Vice-Admiral Lancelot Holland planned on targeting Bismarck first, but due to the reversed battle order, {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|6}} and {{HMS|Hood|51|6}} opened fire on the Prinz Eugen instead. The commander of the Prince of Wales, Captain John Leach, detected this error and ordered his guns swung around to fire on Bismarck. The German task force was still waiting for the order to commence firing, which Admiral Lütjens did not give immediately. Two minutes into the battle Bismarck and Prinz Eugen started firing at Hood. At 05:57 Hood was hit by Prinz Eugen, igniting reserve ammunition stored on deck, and starting a fire. The fifth salvo by Bismarck, fired at a range of about {{Convert|180|hm|m yd}} at 06:01, was seen to hit Hood abreast her mainmast. It is likely that one {{Convert|adj=on|38|cm|in}} shell struck somewhere between Hood's mainmast and 'X' turret aft of the mast. A huge jet of flame burst out from Hood from the vicinity of the mainmast. This was followed by a devastating magazine explosion that destroyed the aft part of the ship. This explosion broke the back of Hood, and she sank in only three minutes, her nearly vertical bow last to descend into the water.Boyne 1997, pp. 59â60.Afterwards
Following the explosion, Prince of Wales was targeted by both German ships and disengaged from combat after seven direct hits, four by Bismarck and three by Prinz Eugen, at about 06:09. In the afternoon of 24 May, Admiral Lütjens, ordered Prinz Eugen to break away from the battleship Bismarck and operate independently against the enemy's merchant shipping. Prinz Eugen and Bismarck separated at 18:14 that evening. Bismarck was sunk by the concentrated effort of the Royal Navy on 27 May 1941 while Prinz Eugen arrived safely at Brest, France on 1 June 1941.Boyne 1997, pp. 61â63.Awards
- Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (10 October 1915) & 1st Class (24 July 1920)Dörr 1995, p. 95.
- Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 (15 October 1934)
- Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy () (8 October 1937)
- Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class & 1st Class (9 June 1941)
- High Seas Fleet Badge (5 April 1942)
- Order of Michael the Brave 3rd Class (30 May 1944)
- German Cross in Gold on 25 March 1942 as Kapitän zur See on heavy cruiser Prinz EugenPatzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 61.
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 17 May 1944 as Vizeadmiral and commander of the Black Seas FleetScherzer 2007, p. 244.
References
Citations
{{Reflist|25em}}Bibliography
- Boyne, Walter (1997). Clash of Titans: World War II at Sea. New York: Simon & Schuster. {{ISBN|0-684-83914-8}}.
- BOOK
, Dörr
, Manfred
, 1995
, Die Ritterkreuzträger der Ãberwasserstreitkräfte der KriegsmarineâBand 1: AâK
, The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the NavyâVolume 1: AâK
, German
, Osnabrück, Germany
, Biblio Verlag
, 978-3-7648-2453-2
, , Manfred
, 1995
, Die Ritterkreuzträger der Ãberwasserstreitkräfte der KriegsmarineâBand 1: AâK
, The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the NavyâVolume 1: AâK
, German
, Osnabrück, Germany
, Biblio Verlag
, 978-3-7648-2453-2
- BOOK
, Patzwall
, Klaus D.
, Scherzer
, Veit
, 2001
, Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 â 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II
, The German Cross 1941 â 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2
, German
, Norderstedt, Germany
, Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall
, 978-3-931533-45-8
, , Klaus D.
, Scherzer
, Veit
, 2001
, Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 â 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II
, The German Cross 1941 â 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2
, German
, Norderstedt, Germany
, Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall
, 978-3-931533-45-8
- BOOK
, Range
, Clemens
, 1974
, Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine
, The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Navy
, Stuttgart, Germany
, Motorbuch Verlag
, 978-3-87943-355-1
, , Clemens
, 1974
, Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine
, The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Navy
, Stuttgart, Germany
, Motorbuch Verlag
, 978-3-87943-355-1
- BOOK
, Scherzer
, Veit
, 2007
, Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939â1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives
, The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939â1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives
, German
, Jena, Germany
, Scherzers Militaer-Verlag
, 978-3-938845-17-2
, {{Subject bar| portal1=Biography}}, Veit
, 2007
, Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939â1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives
, The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939â1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives
, German
, Jena, Germany
, Scherzers Militaer-Verlag
, 978-3-938845-17-2
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Helmuth Brinkmann" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:09am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Helmuth Brinkmann" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:09am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 23 MAY 2022
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
GetWiki
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED