GetWiki
Franco-Turkish War
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
being →
database →
ethics →
fiction →
history →
internet →
language →
linux →
logic →
method →
news →
policy →
purpose →
religion →
science →
software →
truth →
unix →
wiki →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay →
feed →
help →
system →
wiki →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical →
forked →
imported →
original →
Franco-Turkish War
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{short description|War lasting from 1918 to 1921 during the Turkish War of Independence}}{{More citations needed|date=October 2010}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
---|---|
- {{flagicon|Armenia|1918}} French Armenian Legion
- {{flagicon image|Ottoman_flag_alternative_2.svg}} Kuva-yi Milliye
Background
Agreements
File:Sykes-Picot-1916.gif|thumb|the secret SykesâPicot AgreementSykesâPicot AgreementAfter the Armistice of Mudros, the French Army had moved into Ãukurova in accordance with the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916, which gave France control of Ottoman Syria and southern Anatolia, including the key strategic locations of the fertile plain of Ãukurova, the ports of Mersin and Ä°skenderun (Alexandretta), and the copper mines in Ergani. On the other hand, the fertile lands of Mesopotamia and the vilayet of Mosul (where oil fields were suspected) were priorities for the British. According to the agreement, the British would look after the cities of Antep, Marash and Urfa until the French arrived in the southern Anatolian regions allocated to them in the agreement.The French Armenian Legion under the command of General Edmund Allenby consisted of Armenian volunteers.French occupation of Anatolia
Black Sea landings
After the armistice of Mudros, the first thing the French military did was to control the strategically important Ottoman coal mines in which French capital held significant stakes. The goal was both to take control of this energy source and to meet French military needs. It also prevented the distribution of coal in Anatolia, which could be used in activities to support insurgency.On 18 March 1919, two French gunboats brought troops to the Black Sea ports of Zonguldak and Karadeniz EreÄli to command the Ottoman coal mining region. Because of the resistance they faced during their one-year stay in the region, French troops began to withdraw from Karadeniz EreÄli on 8 June 1920. They continued to pursue their occupation in Zonguldak, where they occupied the whole city on 18 June 1920.Constantinople and Thrace operations
The main operations in Thrace aimed to support the strategic goals of the allies.A French brigade entered Constantinople on 12 November 1918. On 8 February 1919, French general Franchet d'Espèreyâcommander-in-chief of allied occupation forces in the Ottoman Empireâarrived in Constantinople to coordinate the occupation government.Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930..".The city of Bursaâa former Ottoman capital of central importance in northwest Anatoliaâwas also held by French forces for a brief period before the great summer offensive of the Greek army in 1920, at which time that city fell to the Greeks.Cilicia Campaign{| class"wikitable"
End of hostilities
The Cilicia Peace Treaty between France and the Turkish National Movement was signed on 9 March 1921. It was intended to end the Franco-Turkish war,WEB,weblink League of Nations â Chronology 1921, 2011-03-09, 2010-12-13,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101213062958weblink">weblink dead, but failed to do so and was replaced in October 1921 with the Treaty of Ankara signed by representatives of the French and the Turks on 20 October 1921, and finalized with Armistice of Mudanya.Withdrawal and population movements
{{See also|Chanak Crisis}}The French forces withdrew from the occupation zone in the first days of 1922, about ten months before the Armistice of Mudanya. Beginning on 3 January, French troops evacuated Mersin and Dörtyol. On 5 January they left Adana, Ceyhan and Tarsus. The evacuation was completed on 7 January with the last troops leaving Osmaniye.In the early stages of the Greco-Turkish War, French and Greek troops jointly crossed the Meriç River and occupied the town of Uzunköprü in eastern Thrace and the railway route from there to the station of Hadımköy near Ãatalca on the outskirts of Constantinople. In September 1922, at the end of that war, during the Greek pull-out after the advance of Turkish revolutionaries, French forces withdrew from their positions near the Dardanelles, but the British seemed prepared to hold their ground. The British government issued a request for military support from its colonies{{which?|date=November 2022}}. This was refused{{by whom?|date=November 2022}}, and the French leaving the British on the straits signaled that the Allies were unwilling to intervene in aid of Greece. Greek troops and the French withdrew beyond the Meriç River.Aftermath
France had better relations with the Turkish nationals during the Turkish War of Independence, chiefly on account of breaking Triple Entente solidarity and signing a separate agreement with the Turkish National Movement.{{according to whom|date=May 2012}} The Treaty of Ankara did not resolve the problems{{clarify|date=March 2011}} in connection with the sanjak of Alexandretta. However, positive Franco-Turkish relations were maintained. French policy supporting the Turkish independence movement were set back during the Conference of Lausanne on the abolition of the Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire. French objections during the discussions on abolition were perceived as contravening full Turkish independence and sovereignty. Furthermore, the fact that the sanjak of Alexandretta remained under French control also contributed to the tension between the two countries, as the Turks claimed the land in the Misak-ı Millî. The positive attitude developed with the Treaty of Ankara remained friendly, if limited.The Ottoman debts were cleared by the Republic of Turkey in line with the Treaty of Lausanne.See also
- Chronology of the Turkish War of Independence
- French campaign in Egypt and Syria
- Franco-Turkish relations
References
{{Reflist}}External links
{{Commons category}}{{Turkish War of Independence}}{{Middle East conflicts}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Franco-Turkish War" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:03am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Franco-Turkish War" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:03am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 23 MAY 2022
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
GetWiki
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED