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Fan Chung
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{{short description|American mathematician}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Biography
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- ronald graham couple with erdos 1986.jpg -
Fan Chung, her husband Ronald Graham, and Paul ErdÅs, Japan, 1986
Fan Chung was born on October 9, 1949, in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Under the influence of her father, an engineer, she became interested in mathematics, especially in the area of combinatorics in high school in Kaohsiung. After high school, Chung entered the National Taiwan University (NTU) to start her career in mathematics formally. While Chung was an undergraduate, she was surrounded by many female mathematicians, and this helped encourage her to pursue and study mathematics.After graduating from NTU with a B.S. in mathematics, Chung went on to the University of Pennsylvania to pursue a career in mathematics. There she obtained the highest score in the qualifying exam by a wide margin, catching the attention of Herbert Wilf, who would eventually become her doctoral advisor. Wilf suggested Ramsey theory as a subject Chung could work on. During a single week studying material Chung had come up with new proofs for established results in the field. Wilf said: "My eyes were bulging. I was very excited. I asked her to go to the blackboard and show me. What she wrote was incredible! In just one week, from a cold start, she had a major result in Ramsey theory. I told her she had just done two-thirds of a doctoral dissertation."Chung was awarded a M.S. in 1972 and a Ph.D. two years later. By this time, she was married and had already given birth to her first child. The same year she received her Ph.D. and started working for the Mathematical Foundations of Computing Department at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. The position at Bell Laboratories was an opportunity to work with other excellent mathematicians, but also it contributed to her mathematical world powerfully. She has published many impressive mathematical papers, and published many joint papers with Ronald Graham.- ronald graham couple with erdos 1986.jpg -
Fan Chung, her husband Ronald Graham, and Paul ErdÅs, Japan, 1986
Bell Laboratories
In 1974, Fan Chung graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and became a member of Technical Staff working for the Mathematical Foundations of Computing Department at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. She worked under Henry Pollak. During this time, Chung collaborated with many leading mathematicians who worked for Bell Laboratories.In 1975, Chung published her first joint paper with Graham, On multicolor Ramsey numbers for complete bipartite graphs,JOURNAL, Chung, Fan R.K, Graham, R.L, On multicolor Ramsey numbers for complete bipartite graphs, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, Elsevier BV, 18, 2, 1975, 0095-8956, 10.1016/0095-8956(75)90043-x, 164â169, which was published in the Journal of Combinatorial Theory (Series B).In 1983 the Bell Telephone Company was split up. Since Pollak joined and became head of a research unit within a new company, he asked Chung to become Research Manager. She supervised many mathematicians in the unit.{{Blockquote|text=Usually with positions in management you obtain more influence and you certainly have more power to make decisions. But I do not want people to respect me because of that power. I'd rather win their admiration because of the mathematics I'm doing.|character=Fan Chung|author=Donald J. Albers|title=Making Connections: A Profile of Fan Chung|source=Math Horizons, September 1995, 14â18Albers, Donald J., "Making Connections: A Profile of Fan Chung," Math Horizons, September 1995, 14â18}}In 1990, she was one of the first to receive a Bellcore university fellowship, a sabbatical she spent at Harvard university.Later career
After twenty years of work at Bell Laboratories and Bellcore, Chung decided to go back to the University of Pennsylvania to become a professor of mathematics. In 1998, she was named Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, San Diego.J J O'Connor and E F Roberson, Fan Rong K Chung Graham, web, www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chung.html.Beyond her contributions to graph theory, Chung has used her knowledge to connect different fields of science. As she wrote in "Graph Theory in the Information Age",
âIn the past decade, graph theory has gone through a remarkable shift and a profound transformation. The change is in large part due to the humongous amount of information that we are confronted with. A main way to sort through massive data sets is to build and examine the network formed by interrelations. For example, Googleâs successful Web search algorithms are based on the WWW graph, which contains all Web pages as vertices and hyperlinks as edges. There are all sorts of information networks, such as biological networks built from biological databases and social networks formed by email, phone calls, instant messaging, etc., as well as various types of physical networks. Of particular interest to mathematicians is the collaboration graph, which is based on the data from Mathematical Reviews. In the collaboration graph, every mathematician is a vertex, and two mathematicians who wrote a joint paper are connected.âChung, Fan Graph Theory in the Information Age January 2009, Washington D.C
Chung's life was profiled in the 2017 documentary film Girls who fell in love with Math.WEB, Girls who fell in love with Math, 31 August 2017,weblink Taiwan Film Institute, 2018-02-04, In 2012, she became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2012-11-10.Chung was an American Mathematical Society (AMS) Council member at large.WEB, AMS Committees,weblink 2023-03-29, American Mathematical Society, en, Personal life
Chung has two children; the first child was born during her graduate studies from her first marriage.WEB,weblink A profile of Fan Chung, 5 September 2015, WEB,weblink Chung biography, 5 September 2015, Fan Chung's first marriage ended in divorce in 1982. However, when she worked at Bell Laboratories, she met Ronald Graham. During that time, they became close friends and published many joint papers in graph theory, eventually marrying in 1983. She was married to him until his death in 2020.In Paul Hoffman's book The Man Who Loved Only Numbers, regarding her marriage with Graham, Chung said:
Many mathematicians would hate to marry someone in the profession. They fear their relationship would be too competitive. In our case, not only are we both mathematicians, we both do work in the same areas. So we can understand and appreciate what the other is working on, and we can work on things together and sometimes make good progress.Hoffman, P The man who loved only numbers London, 1998.
Both Chung and Graham were close friends of the mathematician Paul ErdÅs, and have both published papers with him â 13 in her case;WEB,weblink The Man Who Loved Only Numbers, The New York Times, thus, both have ErdÅs numbers of one. In 1998, Graham and Chung co-wrote the book ErdÅs on Graphs.Research
Chung has published more than 200 research papers and three books:- (ErdÅs on Graphs|ErdÅs on Graphs: His Legacy of Unsolved Problems) (with Ron Graham), A K Peters, Ltd., 1998, {{ISBN|1-56881-079-2}}Reviews of ErdÅs on Graphs:
- JOURNAL, Faudree, R., Ralph Faudree, zbMATH, none, 0890.05049,
- JOURNAL, Schelp, R. H., Richard Schelp, Mathematical Reviews, 1601954, none, 1999,
- JOURNAL, Beezer, Robert A., March 2000, 1, SIAM Review, 2653387, 143â145, none, 42,
- JOURNAL, Tutte, W. T., W. T. Tutte, September 2000, 3, SIAM Review, 2653326, 548â549, none, 42,
- JOURNAL, Hobbs, Arthur M., Arthur Hobbs (mathematician), April 2001, 10.2307/2695262, 4, American Mathematical Monthly, 2695262, 379â381, none, 108,
- JOURNAL, Crilly, Tony, July 2001, 10.2307/3622075, 503, The Mathematical Gazette, 3622075, 375â377, none, 85, 171483616,
- Spectral Graph Theory (CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, No. 92), American Mathematical Society, 1997, {{ISBN|0-8218-0315-8}}
- ''Complex Graphs and Networks (CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, No. 107 " (with Linyuan Lu), American Mathematical Society, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8218-3657-9}}
Spectral graph theory
Among Fan Chung's publications, her contributions to spectral graph theory are important to this area of graph theory. From the first publications about undirected graphs to recent publications about directed graphs, Fan Chung creates the solid base in the spectral graph theory to the future graph theorist.Spectral graph theory, as one of the most important theories in graph theory, combines the algebra and graph perfectly. Historically, algebraic methods treat many types of graphs efficiently. Her work initiated a geometric approach to spectral graph theory with connections to differential geometry. According to the biography Fan Rong K Chung Graham, "Spectral graph theory studies how the spectrum of the Laplacian of a graph is related to its combinatorial properties.".In 1997, the American Mathematical Society published Chung's book Spectral graph theory. This book became a standard textbook at many universities and is the key to study spectral graph theory for many mathematics students who are interested in this area. Fan Chung's study in the spectral graph theory brings this âalgebraic connectivityâ of graphs into a new and higher level.Network science
Chung's work in random graph models shed new light on the field of network science. Many real-world large information networks (such as Internet Graphs, Call Graphs, and collaboration graphs) have been observed to be well approximated by a power law distribution. Chung's work in the Chung-Lu model, pioneered the theory of treating random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions, including the power law graphs. Her work provides a solid framework for quantitative and rigorous analysis for modeling and analyzing large complex networks. It also often serves as a popular benchmark for comparing new graph models in network science.In 2006, the American Mathematical Society and the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences co-published Fan Chung and Linyuan Lu's book Complex Graphs and Networks.BOOK, Chung, Fan, Fan Chung, Lu, Linyuan, Complex Graphs and Networks, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2006, CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, 107, 2248695, 978-0-8218-3657-6, The book gave a well-structured exposition for using combinatorial, probabilistic, spectral methods as well as other new and improved tools to analyze real-world large information networks.Quasi-random graphs
Fan Chung, together with Ronald Graham and Richard Wilson, introduced a strong notion of equivalence among graph properties through the control of error bounds and developed the theory of quasi-random graphs. In a series of research papers (with several coauthors), she showed that a large family of graph properties is equivalent in the sense that if a graph satisfies any one of the properties, it must satisfy all of them. The set of equivalent quasi-random properties includes a surprisingly diverse collection of properties, and therefore provides efficient methods for validating graph properties. Many (but not all) random graph properties are quasi-random. The notion of quasi-randomness has been extended to many other combinatorial structures, such as sequences, tournaments, hypergraphs and graph limits. In general, the theory of quasi-randomness gives a rigorous approach to 'random-like' or 'pseudorandom' alternatives.Extremal graph theory
A basic question in extremal graph theory is to find unavoidable patterns and structures in graphs with given density or distribution. A complementary problem is to find a smallest graph which contains every member of a given family of graphs as subgraphs. In a series of works with Paul ErdÅs, Chung determined the sizes and structures of unavoidable graphs and hypergraphs. With several coauthors, she also derived many elegant and surprising results on universal graphs. Her fundamental contributions in these areas of extremal graph theory have many applications in parallel computations.Awards and honors
- Allendoerfer Award of Mathematical Association of America (1990)WEB, Steiner Trees on a Checkerboard, Mathematical Association of America, 2007-02-02,weblink 2024-02-04,
- Invited address, International Congress of Mathematicians (1994)
- Noether Lecturer, Association for Women in Mathematics (2009)2009 AWM Noether lecturer: Fan Chung Graham
- Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1998)WEB,weblink Book of Members, 1780â2010: Chapter G, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, September 15, 2016,
- Fellow, American Mathematics Society (2013)
- Fellow, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2015)SIAM Fellows Class of 2015
- Academician, Academia Sinica (2016)WEB,weblink é¢å£«ç°¡æ·, academicians.sinica.edu.tw, 2019-03-06,
- Euler Medal of Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications (2017)WEB,weblink The ICA Medals, luca-giuzzi.unibs.it, en, 2019-03-06,
- She is included in a deck of playing cards featuring notable women mathematicians published by the Association of Women in Mathematics.WEB, Mathematicians of EvenQuads Deck 1,weblink 2022-06-18, awm-math.org,
References
{{reflist}}Sources
- Notable Women in Mathematics, a Biographical Dictionary, edited by Charlene Morrow and Teri Perl, Greenwood Press, 1998, pp. 29â34.
External links
{{commons category}}- Fan Chung's UCSD homepage
- "Fan Chung", Biographies of Women Mathematicians, Agnes Scott College
- {{MacTutor Biography|id=Chung}}
- {{MathGenealogy |id=23154}}
- Interview with Fan Chung created by Girls Talk Math
- JOURNAL, Butler, Steve, March 2020, The Mathematical Life of Fan Chung, Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 67, 3, 327â335, 10.1090/noti2036,weblink free,
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