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{{Short description|Prize awarded by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics}}{{For|other prizes with similar name|Dirac Medal (disambiguation){{!}}Dirac Medal}} The Dirac Medal of the ICTP is given each year by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in honour of physicist Paul Dirac. The award, announced each year on 8 August (Dirac's birthday), was first awarded in 1985.JOURNAL, 1987, ICTP honors four with Dirac Medals, Physics Today, 40, 5, 107–108, 10.1063/1.2820038, 1987PhT....40e.107., An international committee of distinguished scientists selects the winners from a list of nominated candidates. The Committee invites nominations from scientists working in the fields of theoretical physics or mathematics.The Dirac Medal of the ICTP is not awarded to Nobel Laureates, Fields Medalists, or Wolf Prize winners.However, several Dirac Medallists have subsequently won one of these awards.JOURNAL, 1991, Witten and Jones receive Fields Medals for physics-related work, Physics Today, 44, 2, 111–112, 10.1063/1.2810004, 1991PhT....44b.111., JOURNAL, 1995, Wolf Prizes go to Ginzburg, Nambu and Moser, Physics Today, 48, 1, 66, 10.1063/1.2807883, 1995PhT....48Q..66., JOURNAL, Schwarzschild, Bertram, 2008, Physics Nobel Prize to Nambu, Kobayashi, and Maskawa for theories of symmetry breaking, Physics Today, 61, 12, 16–20, 10.1063/1.3047652, 2008PhT....61l..16S, JOURNAL, 1997, Wolf Foundation honors Wheeler for physics, Keller and Sinai for mathematics, Physics Today, 50, 2, 85, 10.1063/1.2806531, 1997PhT....50Q..85., The medallists receive a prize of US$5,000.

Recipients {| class"wikitable sortable"|+

!Year!Laureates!scope = col class = unsortable|For

1985|Edward Witten	Elementary particle>elementary particles and gravity, to the search for unification, and to the imaginative pursuit of the implications for cosmology."

|Yakov Zel'dovich|"far-ranging contributions to relativistic astrophysics, particularly in theories of compact objects and cosmic evolution."

1986	Alexander Markovich Polyakov>Alexander Polyakov|"being among the first to emphasize the importance of scale invariance in quantum field theory, particularly in connection with the theory of critical phenomena."

|Yoichiro Nambu

spontaneous symmetry breaking and in particular, chiral symmetry breaking in relativistic particle physics. His contributions to the quark model in the 1960s and, later, his geometrical formulation of the Dual resonance model>dual resonance models as the dynamics of a relativistic string theory are of fundamental importance."

1987|Bruno Zumino	Chiral anomaly>chiral anomalies in Gauge theory	with fermions. Also in collaboration with Prof. Julius Wess>[Julius] Wess, he proposed the first renormalizable Lagrangian field theories to realize supersymmetry in 4-dimensional space-time. With Prof. Stanley Deser he constructed one of the first supergravity theories in four dimensions. In addition to this important early work, he has been a leader in the application of modern geometrical ideas in field theory."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1987 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-1987	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Bryce DeWitt|"his fundamental contributions to the study of classical and quantum gravity and non-Abelian gauge theory. His pioneering work with quantum, effective action underlies much of the modern formalism. Particularly important are the background field method which he invented, and the methodology of ghost loops in gauge theory, which he did much to develop."

1988|David J. Gross	Nuclear force>nuclear forces at short distances and to the theory of Superstring theory	. Together with Frank Wilczek>F. Wilczek and, independently, Hugh David Politzer	and Gerard 't Hooft>G. H. 't Hooft, he discovered the mechanism of asymptotic freedom in non-Abelian gauge theories. This discovery, which accounts for the phenomenon of scaling in Deep inelastic scattering	, was central to the development of quantum chromodynamics as a viable model for the nuclear force. His invention, together with Jeffrey A. Harvey>[Jeffrey A.] Harvey, Emil Martinec	and Ryan Rohm>[Ryan] Rohm, of the Heterotic string theory	enlarges the theoretical understanding of string theory and has provided a great stimulus to research in this subject."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1988 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|Efim S. Fradkin

Schwinger–Dyson equation>Schwinger-Dyson equations for the Green's function	of interacting systems. This result has become a standard part of modern quantum field theory. Independently of Yasushi Takahashi>[Yasushi] Takahashi he discovered the generalized Ward–Takahashi identity	for Quantum electrodynamics>electrodynamics. These identities and their generalizations for non-Abelian gauge theories are basic to the understanding of local symmetries."

1989|John H. Schwarz	"their basic contributions to the development of superstring theory. Most significant was their discovery that chiral gauge anomalies are absent for a class of ten dimensional superstring theories. This provided a strong indication that superstring theory with a specific gauge symmetry may provide a consistent unified quantum theory of the fundamental forces including gravity. It led to an explosion of interest in string theory which has already spurred remarkable advances both in mathematical physics and in pure mathematics."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1989 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-1989	website=www.ictp.it}}

Michael Green (physicist)>Michael Green

1990|Ludwig Faddeev	Faddeev equations>Faddeev's equation). He made decisive contributions to the quantization of the Yang-Mills and gravitational field. The Faddeev–Popov ghost	of quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories discovered in 1966-67 has many essential applications including quantum effects in the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model of Electroweak interaction>electroweak interactions and in quantum chromodynamics."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1990 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-1990	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Sidney R. Coleman

S-matrix (with Jeffrey Mandula>J. Mandula) and the study of some fundamental properties of two-dimensional quantum field theories including, in particular, the absence of symmetry breaking and aspects of boson-fermion equivalence."

1991|Jeffrey Goldstone		TITLE=ICTP AWARDS DIRAC MEDALS FOR WORK IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS	VOLUME=46	PAGES=99–100	DOI=10.1063/1.2808851,

|Stanley Mandelstam|"his contributions to the development of theoretical physics."

1992|Nikolai Bogoliubov	"many outstanding contributions in physics and mathematics."

|Yakov G. Sinai

1993|Daniel Z. Freedman	"for their discovery of supergravity theory in 1976 and their major contributions in the subsequent developments of the theory. Their discovery led to an explosion of interest in quantum gravity and it transformed the subject, playing a significant role in very important developments in string theory as well as Kaluza–Klein theory	."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1993 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|Peter van Nieuwenhuizen|Sergio Ferrara|1994|Frank Wilczek

hadron physics."DIRAC MEDALLIST 1994 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|1995

Michael Berry (physicist)>Michael Berry	Raymond Chiao>[Raymond] Chiao in which the rotation of the polarization plane of a wave propagating in a twisted optical fibre was interpreted as a Geometric phase	."DIRAC MEDALLIST 1995 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

1996|Martinus J.G. Veltman	Higgs boson>Higgs particle mass. These calculations provided the basic prediction in the search for the top quark mass."1996-10-01 >TITLE=DIRAC MEDALS ANNOUNCED IN TRIESTE	JOURNAL=PHYSICS TODAY	VOLUME=49	PAGES=91–91	ISSN=0031-9228, subscription,

|Tullio Regge

analytic continuation of the angular momentum to the complex plane. The so-called Regge theory>Regge trajectories have helped in the classification of particles and resonances by grouping together entities with different spin. The so-called Regge behavior was, and still is, an important ingredient in the construction of string theories."

1997|David Olive	"their farsighted and highly influential contributions to theoretical physics, over an extended period. Goddard and Olive have contributed many crucial insights that shaped our emerging understanding of string theory and have also had a far-reaching impact on our understanding of four-dimensional field theory."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1997 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-1997	website=www.ictp.it}}

Peter Goddard (physicist)>Peter Goddard

1998|Roman Jackiw	"use of quantum field theory to illuminate physical problems. The derivation by Adler (and, independently, Weisberger) of a sum rule for pion-nucleon scattering marked a breakthrough in our understanding of the currents and broken symmetries of the strong interactions. Jackiw made a major contribution to field theories relevant to condensed matter physics in his discovery (with [Claudio] Rebbi) of fractional charge and spin in these theories. The paths of Adler and Jackiw (with John Stewart Bell	) crossed in what may be their most important discovery: the celebrated Chiral anomaly>triangle anomaly, one of the most profound examples of the relevance of quantum field theory to the real world."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 1998 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-1998	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Stephen L. Adler|1999|Giorgio Parisi

DGLAP evolution equations>Altarelli-Parisi equations), the proposal of the Superconductivity	's flux confinement model as a mechanism for Color confinement>quark confinement, the use of supersymmetry in statistical classical systems, the introduction of Multifractal system	in turbulence, the stochastic differential equation for growth models for random aggregation (the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation>Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model) and his groundbreaking analysis of the Replica trick	that has permitted an important breakthrough in our understanding of Spin glass>glassy systems and has proved to be instrumental in the whole subject of Order and disorder	."DIRAC MEDALLIST 1999 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

2000|Helen Quinn	"pioneering contributions to the quest for a unified theory of quarks and Lepton	and of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2000 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|Howard Georgi|Jogesh Pati|2001|John Hopfield

	access-date=2023-10-20		URL=HTTPS://PUBS.AIP.ORG/PHYSICSTODAY/ARTICLE/54/10/85/935313/PRINCETON-PHYSICIST-GARNERS-DIRAC-MEDAL	LANGUAGE=EN	ISSUE=10	DOI=10.1063/1.1420565	DOI-ACCESS=FREE,

2002|Alan Guth	"the development of the concept of Inflation (cosmology)	in cosmology. Although the history of the very early universe has not been firmly established, the idea of inflation has already had notable observational successes, and it has become the paradigm for fundamental studies in cosmology."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2002 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|Andrei Linde|Paul Steinhardt

2003|Robert Kraichnan	"their distinct contributions to the theory of turbulence, particularly the exact results and the prediction of inverse cascades, and for identifying classes of turbulence problems for which in-depth understanding has been achieved."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2003 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2003	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Vladimir E. Zakharov

2004|Curtis Callan	"theoretical developments of the late 60's and early 70's that led to the use of deep inelastic scattering for the elucidation of the nature of the strong interactions."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2004 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2004	website=www.ictp.it}}

|James Bjorken

2005|Patrick A. Lee	weak localization and interaction effects, is being recognized for his pioneering contributions to our understanding of disordered and strongly interacting many-body systems."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2005 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.ictp.it}}

Sam Edwards (physicist)>Sam Edwards	polymer physics, spin glass theory and the physics of Granular material>granular matter."

|2006|Peter Zoller

Trapped-ion quantum computer>trapped ions for quantum computing and describing how to realize the Bose–Hubbard model	and associated phase transitions in ultracold gases."DIRAC MEDALLIST 2006 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.ictp.it}}

2007|John Iliopoulos	"their work on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2007 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2007	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Luciano Maiani

2008|Joe Polchinski	"for their fundamental contributions to superstring theory. Their studies range from early work on orbifold compactifications, physics and mathematics of mirror symmetry, D-brane	and black hole physics, as well as AdS/CFT correspondence>gauge theory-gravity correspondence. Their contributions in uncovering the strong-weak dualities between seemingly different string theories have enabled us to learn about regimes of quantum field theory which are not accessible to perturbative analysis."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2010 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2010	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Juan Maldacena|Cumrun Vafa

2009|Roberto Car	"developing the Ab initio quantum chemistry methods	method in which they combined, elegantly and imaginatively, the quantum mechanical Density functional theory>density functional method for the calculation of the electronic properties of matter with molecular dynamics methods for the Newtonian simulation of atomic motions."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2009 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2009	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Michele Parrinello

2010|Nicola Cabibbo	"their fundamental contributions to the understanding of weak interactions and other aspects of theoretical physics."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2010 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2010	website=www.ictp.it}}

|George Sudarshan

2011|Édouard Brézin	"their independent pioneering work on field theoretical methods to the study of critical phenomena and phase transitions; in particular for their significant contributions to conformal field theories and integrable systems."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2011 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2011	website=www.ictp.it}}

|John Cardy|Alexander Zamolodchikov

2012|Duncan Haldane	"their many important contributions to condensed matter physics, including their independent work preparing and opening the field of two and three dimensional Topological insulator	."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2012 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|Charles L. Kane|Shoucheng Zhang

2013|Tom W. B. Kibble	"their independent, ground-breaking work throughout their careers elucidating many aspects of fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2013 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2013	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Jim Peebles|Martin John Rees

2014|Ashoke Sen	"crucial contributions to the origin, development and further understanding of string theory."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2014 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2014	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Andrew Strominger|Gabriele Veneziano

2015|Alexei Kitaev	"their interdisciplinary contributions which introduced concepts of conformal field theory and non-abelian quasiparticle statistics in Condensed matter physics	and applications of these ideas to Quantum computing>quantum computation."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2015 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2015	website=www.ictp.it}}

Greg Moore (physicist)>Greg Moore

|Nicholas Read

2016|Nathan Seiberg	"their important contributions to a better understanding of field theories in the non-perturbative regime and in particular for exact results in supersymmetric field theories."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2016 {{!, ICTP >url=https://www.ictp.it/home/dirac-medallists-2016	website=www.ictp.it}}

|Mikhail Shifman|Arkady Vainshtein

2017	Charles H. Bennett (computer scientist)>Charles H. Bennett	"their pioneering work in applying the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics to solving basic problems in computation and communication and therefore bringing together the fields of quantum mechanics, computer science and information."ICTP – DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2017 >URL=HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/PRIZES-AWARDS/THE-DIRAC-MEDAL/THE-MEDALLISTS/DIRAC-MEDALLISTS-2017.ASPX	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210305030834/HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/PRIZES-AWARDS/THE-DIRAC-MEDAL/THE-MEDALLISTS/DIRAC-MEDALLISTS-2017.ASPX	ACCESS-DATE=2017-08-08, www.ictp.it,

|David Deutsch|Peter W. Shor

2018|Subir Sachdev	"their independent contributions towards understanding novel phases in strongly interacting many-body systems, introducing original transdisciplinary techniques."ICTP – DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2018 >URL=HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/PRIZES-AWARDS/THE-DIRAC-MEDAL/THE-MEDALLISTS/DIRAC-MEDALLISTS-2018.ASPX	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210203195738/HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/PRIZES-AWARDS/THE-DIRAC-MEDAL/THE-MEDALLISTS/DIRAC-MEDALLISTS-2018.ASPX	ACCESS-DATE=2018-08-08, www.ictp.it,

|Dam Thanh Son|Xiao-Gang Wen

2019|Viatcheslav Mukhanov	"for their outstanding contributions to the physics of the Cosmic microwave background	(CMB) with experimentally tested implications that have helped to transform cosmology into a precision scientific discipline by combining microscopic physics with the large scale structure of the universe."ICTP – DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2019	URL-STATUS=LIVE	ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-10-28	WEBSITE=WWW.ICTP.IT,

|Alexei Starobinsky|Rashid Sunyaev

2020|André Neveu	"their pioneering contributions to the inception and formulation of string theory which introduced new Bosonic and Fermionic symmetries into physics.""ICTP – DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2020" >URL=HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/MEDIA-CENTRE/NEWS/2020/8/ICTP-DIRAC-MEDAL-2020-ANNOUNCED.ASPX	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210817151357/HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/MEDIA-CENTRE/NEWS/2020/8/ICTP-DIRAC-MEDAL-2020-ANNOUNCED.ASPX	ACCESS-DATE=2020-08-15,

|Pierre Ramond

Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist)>Miguel Virasoro

2021|Alessandra Buonanno	"establishing the predicted properties of Gravitational wave	in the curvature of spacetime produced when stars or Black hole>black holes spiral together and merge.""ICTP – DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2021" >URL=HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/PRIZES-AWARDS/THE-DIRAC-MEDAL/THE-MEDALLISTS/DIRAC-MEDALLISTS-2021.ASPX	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210809174708/HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/PRIZES-AWARDS/THE-DIRAC-MEDAL/THE-MEDALLISTS/DIRAC-MEDALLISTS-2021.ASPX	ACCESS-DATE=2021-08-09,

|Thibault Damour|Frans Pretorius|Saul Teukolsky

2022|Joel L. Lebowitz	"groundbreaking and mathematically rigorous contributions to the understanding of the statistical mechanics of classical and quantum physical systems.""ICTP – DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2022" >URL=HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/MEDIA-CENTRE/NEWS/2022/8/2022-DIRAC-MEDAL-WINNERS-ANNOUNCED.ASPX	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220809090926/HTTPS://WWW.ICTP.IT/ABOUT-ICTP/MEDIA-CENTRE/NEWS/2022/8/2022-DIRAC-MEDAL-WINNERS-ANNOUNCED.ASPX	ACCESS-DATE=2022-08-09,

|Elliott H. Lieb|David P. Ruelle

2023	Jeffrey A. Harvey>Jeffrey Harvey	"their pioneering contributions to perturbative and non-perturbative string theory and quantum gravity, in particular, to the aspects related to anomalies, duality, black holes and Holographic principle	."DIRAC MEDALLISTS 2023 {{!, ICTP	access-date=2023-08-10 |website=www.ictp.it}}

|Igor Klebanov|Stephen Shenker|Leonard Susskind

See also

• List of physics awards
• List of awards named after people

References

{{reflist}}