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{{other uses|Description of Africa (disambiguation)}}{{italic title}} Description of Africa was taken largely from the firsthand geographical work Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica completed by Leo Africanus in 1526IL MANOSCRITTO DELLA COSMOGRAPHIA DE L’AFFRICA DI GIOVANNI LEONE AFRICANO. NOTE IN MARGINE ALL’EDIZIONE CRITICA DEL TESTO [THE MANUSCRIPT OF THE COSMOGRAPHIA DE L’AFFRICA BY JOHANNES LEO AFRICANUS SOME NOTES ABOUT THE CRITICAL EDITION OF THE TEXT] Author: Cresti, Federico. Journal: Mediterranea. Ricerche storiche. ISSN: 1824-3010. Date: 08/01/2014. Issue: 31. Page: 383-396.JOURNAL, Leo Africanus,dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35836, 2022-10-03, Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35836, and published under the title Della descrittione dell’Africa et delle cose notabili che ivi sono by Giovanni Battista Ramusio in his collection of travellers’ accounts Delle navigationi e viaggi in Venice in 1550.JOURNAL, Black, Crofton, 2002, Leo Africanus’s Descrittione dell’Africa and its sixteenth-century translations, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 65, 262–272, 10.2307/4135111, 4135111, 190220063, It contained the first detailed descriptions published in Europe of the Barbary Coast (modern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) and the gold-trading kingdoms of west-central Africa.WEB,www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200801/a.man.of.two.worlds.htm, A Man of Two Worlds, 2008-01-09,saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200801/a.man.of.two.worlds.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20100113142141saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200801/a.man.of.two.worlds.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20100113142141saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200801/a.man.of.two.worlds.htm, 2010-01-13, dead, The book was dictated in Italian by Leo Africanus, the famed Moorish traveler and merchant who had been captured by pirates and sold as a slave. Presented, along with his book, to Pope Leo X, he was baptized and freed. Leo, whose name he took in baptism, suggested that he recast his Arabic work in Italian; it was completed in 1526.The date on the sole surviving manuscript, in the Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emmanuele, MS 953. It was republished repeatedly by Ramusio in his Delle navigationi e viaggi, translated into French and into Latin for the erudite, both in 1556.The Descrittione is in nine books, an introductory book and an appendix on rivers and fauna and flora, with seven books between, each describing a kingdom: the kingdoms of Marrakesh, Fez, Tlemcen and Tunis, and the regions of Numidia, the sub-Saharan regions, and Egypt. The work circulated in manuscript form for decades. It was in Ramusio’s manuscript that Pietro Bembo read it and was astonished: “I cannot imagine how a man could have so much detailed information about these things”, he wrote to a correspondent, 2 April 1545.Black 2002:264 and noteThe book’s importance stemmed from its accuracy at a time when the area was little known to Europeans,Other European works concerning Africa were Azurara’s Cronica do Descobrimento e Conquista de Guiné (not translated until the twentieth century), Francisco Alvárez, Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia (to give it its English title, it being also issued in French from 1556 onwards), and Frigius’ Historia de Bello Africano (1580), with a circulation limited to savants. and its publication at precisely the moment when Latin Christian power was on a collision course with the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe, while at the same time Western Africa was becoming more accessible to Europeans.The book was an enormous success in Europe, and was translated into many other languages,See Black 2002. remaining a definitive reference work for decades (and to some degree, centuries) afterwards. In English it was served by John Pory, whose translation appeared in 1600 under the title A Geographical Historie of Africa, Written in Arabicke and Italian by Iohn Leo a More... in which form Shakespeare may have seen it and reworked hints in creating the title character of his Othello (ca. 1603).A suggestion offered by Lois Whitney, “Did Shakespeare Know Leo Africanus?” PMLA 37.3 (September 1922:470-483, www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/457156.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20211011185645www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/457156.pdf">archived 11 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine).A twentieth-century rediscovery of the originally-dictated manuscript revealed that Ramusio, in smoothing the grammar of Leo Africanus’s text had coloured many neutral details,Modern editors have taken him to task, such as D. Perocco, Viaggare e raccontare (Alexandria) 1997:55, noted in Black 2002:268 note37. to make it more palatable to Christian European audiences; French and English translators added further embellishments. Modern translations which incorporate this manuscript are thus more true to the original.WEB,leoafricanus.com/bibliography/bibliography_books1.html, Bibliography, leoafricanus.com,

Editions

BOOK, Leo Africanus, A Geographical Historie of Africa, written in Arabicke and Italian. Before which is prefixed a generall description of Africa, and a particular treatise of all the lands undescribed, Translated and collected by John Pory, 1600, G. Bishop, London,archive.org/details/b30334627/page/n10, none, The first translation into English.

• BOOK, Leo Africanus, Pory, John, John Pory, 1896, History and Description of Africa (3 Vols), Brown, Robert, Hakluyt Society, London, 2649691, none, Scans from the Internet Archive: Volume 1 (pages 1-224); Volume 2 (pages 225-698); Volume 3 (pages 699- ); Index.
• BOOK, Jean-Léon l’Africain, Épaulard, Alexis, Description de l’Afrique: Nouvelle édition traduite de l’italien par Alexis Épaulard et annotée par Alexis Épaulard, Théodore Monod, Henri Lhote et Raymond Mauny (2 Vols), 1956, Maisonneuve, Paris, none, Scholarly translation into French with extensive notes.

References

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Further reading

• BOOK, Hunwick, John O., John Hunwick, Leo Africanus’s description of the Middle Niger, Hausland and Bornu, Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi’s Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Brill, Leiden, 1999, 90-04-11207-3, 272–291, Contain a translation into English of Leo Africanus’s descriptions of the Middle Niger, Hausaland and Bornu. Corresponds to Épaulard 1956 Vol II pages 463–481.
• JOURNAL, Masonen, Pekka, Leo Africanus: the man with many names, Al-Andalus Magreb, 2001, 8-9, 115–143,www.leoafricanus.com/pictures/bibliography/Masonen/Masonen.pdf,
• BOOK, Jean-Léon l’Africain, Épaulard, Alexis, Description de l’Afrique: Nouvelle édition traduite de l’italien par Alexis Épaulard et annotée par Alexis Épaulard, Théodore Monod, Henri Lhote et Raymond Mauny (2 Vols), 1956, Maisonneuve, Paris, Scholarly translation into French with extensive notes.
• BOOK, Rauchenberger, Dietrich, Johannes Leo der Afrikaner: seine Beschreibung des Raumes zwischen Nil und Niger nach dem Urtext, 1999, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 3-447-04172-2, German,

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