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{{Short description|1864 battle of the American Civil War}}{{distinguish|text=the First Battle of Deep Bottom, also known as the Battle of Darbytown, on July 27–29, 1864 or the Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads on October 7, 1864, or the Battle of Darbytown Road on October 13, 1864}}

factoids

United States (Union (American Civil War)>Union)CSAConfederate States of America>CSA (Confederacy)Benjamin Butler (politician)>Benjamin F. Butler| commander2 = James LongstreetX Corps (Union Army)>X CorpsXVIII CorpsFirst Corps, Army of Northern Virginia>Longstreet's corps| casualties1 = 1,603| casualties2 = 100| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Richmond-Petersburg Campaign}}}}The Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road (also known as the Second Battle of Fair Oaks) was fought October 27–28, 1864 in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign of the American Civil War.In combination with movements against the Boydton Plank Road at Petersburg, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler attacked the Richmond defenses along Darbytown Road with the X Corps. The XVIII Corps marched north to Fair Oaks where it was soundly repulsed by Maj. Gen. Charles W. Field's Confederate division. Confederate forces counterattacked, taking some 600 prisoners. The Richmond defenses remained intact. Of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's offensives north of the James River, this was repulsed most easily. The Medal of Honor was awarded to First Lieutenant William Rufus Shafter for his actions.WEB, Medal of Honor awardees,weblink 2022-04-23, 2010-04-04,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100404143547weblink">weblink dead, Union casualties were 1,603, Confederates fewer than 100.Salmon, p. 445.

Background

{{details|Richmond-Petersburg Campaign}}

Order of battle

Union

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road. It is compiled from the official tabulation of casualties, so includes only units which sustained casualties.WEB, Number 7. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces,weblink Official Reports Part 1 (Serial Number 87) – Reports, 17 July 2010, The Siege of Petersburg Online, 29 October 2012,

Army of the James

MG Benjamin F. Butler

X Corps

BG Alfred H. Terry{| class="wikitable"! width=30% | Division! width=30% | Brigade! Regiments and OthersFirst Division    BG Adelbert Ames| First Brigade  Col Alvin C. Voris|

• 39th Illinois
• 62nd Ohio
• 67th Ohio
• 85th Pennsylvania (detachment)

| Second Brigade  Col Joseph C. Abbott|

• 6th Connecticut
• 7th Connecticut
• 3rd New Hampshire
• 7th New Hampshire
• 16th New York Heavy Artillery (7 companies)| Third Brigade

  Col Harris M. Plaisted|

• 10th Connecticut
• 11th Maine
• 24th Massachusetts
• 100th New York

Second Division    BG Robert S. Foster| First Brigade  Col Newton Martin Curtis|

• 3rd New York
• 112th New York
• 117th New York
• 142nd New York

| Second Brigade  Col Galusha Pennypacker|

• 47th New York
• 76th Pennsylvania
• 97th Pennsylvania
• 203rd Pennsylvania| Third Brigade

  Col Louis Bell|

• 13th Indiana (3 companies)
• 9th Maine
• 115th New York

Third Division    BG Joseph R. Hawley| First Brigade  Col James Shaw, Jr.|

• 7th U.S. Colored Troops
• 9th U.S. Colored Troops
• 41st U.S. Colored Troops (Company A)

| Second Brigade  Col Ulysses Doubleday|

• 29th Connecticut
• 8th U.S. Colored Troops
• 45th U.S. Colored Troops (6 companies)| Artillery Brigade

  Ltc Richard Jackson|

• 1st U.S., Batteries C & D

XVIII Corps

MG Godfrey Weitzel{| class="wikitable"! width=30% | Division! width=30% | Brigade! Regiments and OthersFirst Division    BG Gilman Marston| First Brigade  Ltc John B. Raulston|

• 13th New Hampshire
• 81st New York
• 98th New York
• 139th New York

| Second Brigade  Col Edgar M. Cullen|

• 5th Maryland
• 10th New Hampshire
• 92nd New York (detachment)
• 96th New York
• 118th New York| Third Brigade

  Ltc Joab N. Patterson|

• 21st Connecticut
• 40th Massachusetts
• 2nd New Hampshire
• 58th Pennsylvania
• 188th Pennsylvania| Unattached|
• Sharpshooters
• Pioneers
• 8th Connecticut: Col John E. Ward

Second Division    BG Charles A. Heckman| First Brigade [not engaged]|| Second Brigade  Col Edward H. Ripley|

• 8th Maine
• 9th Vermont| Third Brigade

  Col Harrison S. Fairchild|

• 89th New York
• 148th New York
• 2nd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Company G
• 19th Wisconsin

Third Division | First Brigade  Col John H. Holman  Ltc Abial G. Chamberlain|

• 1st U.S. Colored Troops
• 22nd U.S. Colored Troops
• 37th U.S. Colored Troops

| Second Brigade  Col Alonzo G. Draper|

• 5th U.S. Colored Troops
• 36th U.S. Colored Troops
• 38th U.S. Colored Troops| Unattached|
• 2nd U.S. Colored Cavalry (dismounted)

Artillery Division||

• New York Light Artillery, 16th Battery
• 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery A

Cavalry Division    Col Robert M. West| First Brigade  Col George W. Lewis|

• 3rd New York
• 5th Pennsylvania

| Second Brigade  Col Samuel P. Spear|

• 1st District of Columbia (Battalion)
• 11th Pennsylvania| Third Brigade

  Col Andrew W. Evans|

• 1st Maryland
• 1st New York Mounted Rifles| Artillery Brigade|
• Wisconsin Light, 4th Battery
• 1st U.S., Battery B

Confederate

The following Confederate army units and commanders fought at the battle.Trudeau, Noah Andre. The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia June 1864 – April 1865. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company, 1991. {{ISBN|0-316-85327-5}}.

Army of Northern Virginia

First Corps

LTG James Longstreet{| class="wikitable"! style="width:25%;"|Division! style="width:25%;"|Brigade! Regiments and OthersField's Division    MG Charles W. Field| Anderson's Brigade  BG George T. Anderson|

• 7th Georgia
• 8th Georgia
• 9th Georgia
• 11th Georgia
• 59th Georgia

Alabama Brigade (American Civil War)>Law's Brigade  Col William F. Perry|

• 4th Alabama
• 15th Alabama
• 44th Alabama
• 47th Alabama
• 48th Alabama

Texas Brigade>Gregg's Brigade  Col Frederick S. Bass|

• 3rd Arkansas
• 1st Texas
• 4th Texas
• 5th Texas

| Benning's Brigade  Col Dudley M. Du Bose|

• 2nd Georgia
• 15th Georgia
• 17th Georgia
• 20th Georgia| Bratton's Brigade

  BG John Bratton|

• 1st South Carolina
• 5th South Carolina
• 6th South Carolina
• 2nd South Carolina Rifles

Fourth Corps

{| class="wikitable"! style="width:25%;"|Division! style="width:25%;"|Brigade! Regiments and OthersHoke's Division    MG Robert F. Hoke| Hagood's Brigade  BG Johnson Hagood|

• 7th South Carolina (battalion)
• 11th South Carolina
• 21st South Carolina
• 25th South Carolina
• 27th South Carolina

| Colquitt's Brigade  BG Alfred H. Colquitt|

• 6th Georgia
• 19th Georgia
• 23rd Georgia
• 27th Georgia
• 28th Georgia| Clingman's Brigade

  BG Thomas L. Clingman|

• 8th North Carolina
• 31st North Carolina
• 51st North Carolina
• 61st North Carolina| Kirkland's Brigade

  BG William Whedbee Kirkland|

• 17th North Carolina
• 42nd North Carolina
• 66th North Carolina

Cavalry Corps

{| class="wikitable"! style="width:25%;"|Division! style="width:25%;"|Brigade! Regiments and OthersW. H. F. Lee's Division    MG W. H. F. Lee| Barringer's Brigade  BG Rufus Barringer|

• 1st North Carolina Cavalry
• 2nd North Carolina Cavalry
• 3rd North Carolina Cavalry
• 5th North Carolina Cavalry

| Beale's Brigade  BG Richard L. T. Beale|

• 9th Virginia Cavalry
• 10th Virginia Cavalry
• 13th Virginia Cavalry| Dearing's Brigade

  BG James Dearing|

• 8th Georgia Cavalry
• 4th North Carolina Cavalry
• 16th North Carolina Cavalry

Butler's Division    MG Matthew Butler| Butler's Brigade  Col Hugh Kerr Aiken|

• 4th South Carolina Cavalry
• 5th South Carolina Cavalry
• 6th South Carolina Cavalry

| Young's Brigade  Col J.F. Waring|

• 10th Georgia Cavalry
• Cobb's (Georgia) Legion
• Phillip's (Georgia) Legion
• Jeff. Davis (Mississippi) Legion|| Horse Artillery

  Maj R. Preston Chew|

• Hart's (South Carolina) Battery
• Graham's (Virginia) Battery
• McGregor's (Virginia) Battery

Abbreviations used

Military rank

• Gen = General
• LTG = Lieutenant General
• MG = Major General
• BG = Brigadier General
• Col = Colonel
• Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
• Maj = Major

Other

• (w) = wounded
• (mw) = mortally wounded
• (k) = killed in action
• (c) = captured

Battle

{{details|Richmond-Petersburg Campaign}}

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

• National Park Service battle description
• Salmon, John S. The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. {{ISBN|0-8117-2868-4}}.
• CWSAC Report Update

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