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Apostolic Camera
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{{Short description|Central board of finance in the papal administrative system}}{{one source|date=July 2018}}{{Roman Curia sidebar}} The Apostolic Camera (), formerly known as the {{nowrap|Papal Treasury,}} was an office in the Roman Curia. It was the central board of finance in the papal administrative system and at one time was of great importance in the government of the States of the Church and in the administration of justice,{{Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Apostolic Camera |volume=1 |first=Johann Peter |last=Kirsch |inline=1}} led by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, originally known as camerarius (chamberlain).In 2022, Pope Francis's apostolic constitution abolished the office as of 5 June.NEWS, 30 March 2022,weblink Praedicate evangelium: Things you might have missed in the new Vatican constitution, 21 March 2022, Andrea, Gagliarducci, Catholic News Agency, - the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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History
The office of camerarius (chamberlain) was established by Pope Urban II.JOURNAL, WeiÃ, Stefan, 2016-01-01, The Curia: Camera,weblink A Companion to the Medieval Papacy, en, 220â238, 10.1163/9789004315280_012, 9789004315280, Since the middle of the 12th century the Papal chamberlain () was a regular member of the Curia, entrusted with the financial management of the papal court. At that early period the income of the papal treasury came chiefly from many kinds of censuses, dues, and tributes paid in from the territory subject to the Pope, and from churches and monasteries immediately dependent on him. Cencius Camerarius (later Pope Honorius III, r. 1216â1227) made in 1192 a new inventory of all these sources of papal revenue, known as the Liber Censuum. The previous list dated back to Gelasius I (492â496) and Gregory I (590â604), and was based on lists of the incomes accruing from the patrimonies, or landed property of the Roman Church.Officials
The Officials of the Apostolic Camera were:- The Cardinal Camerlengo enters upon his chief duties on the occasion of a vacancy in the Holy See, during which time he is invested with a portion of the papal authority.
- The Vice Camerlengo, one of the highest prelates of the Roman Curia, was until 1870 governor of Rome, and was charged with the maintenance of peace and order in the city; during a vacancy in the Papal See he is even yet first in authority after the cardinals, and entrusted with the surveillance of the conclave, to which no one is admitted without his permission.
- The Auditor-General of the Camera, also one of the highest prelates, used to be the chief judge in all cases concerning the financial administration of the Curia. Before 1870 he presided over the supreme court, to which the Pope referred the most important questions for decision.
- The Treasurer General used to have supreme financial control of the whole income derived from the temporal possessions of the Church, as well as the rest of the tribute accruing to the papal treasury.
- The College of Clerics of the Apostolic Camera has had seven members since 1870; before that, its membership varied in size. The members of the body, chosen from among the highest prelates, used to have the management of the property and income of the Holy See, and were consulted collectively on all important questions concerning their administration, but also officiated as a court in all disputes affecting the papal exchequer. When Pius IX, after the installation of the various ministries, divided among them the administrative duties, he assigned to each cleric of the Camera the presidency of a section of the department of finance. Four of them, moreover, were members of the commission appointed to examine the accounts of the Camera, entitled to special places whenever the Pope appears in public on solemn occasions, in the papal processions, and in public consistories. At the death of the Pontiff they take possession of the Apostolic palaces, attend to the taking of the inventories, and manage the internal or domestic administration during the vacancy. In the conclave they had charge of all that pertains to the table of the cardinals. Apart from this, the clerics of the Camera are usually professors and canons, with regular ecclesiastical appointments.
Other offices
The Apostolic Camera must be distinguished from the treasury or camera of the College of Cardinals, presided over by the cardinal-camerlengo (Camerarius Sacri Collegii Cardinalium). It had charge of the common revenues of the College of Cardinals, and appears among the curial institutions after the close of the 13th century. It has long ceased to exist.See also
References
{{Reflist}}Further reading
- Malachi Martin - Rich Church, Poor Church (Putnam, New York, 1984) {{ISBN|0-399-12906-5}}
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