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Anseriformes
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{{Short description|Order of water birds}}{{automatic taxobox- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Paleogene-Holocene, {{fossilrange>54 | FIRST2 = C. | FIRST3 = A. | FIRST4 = G. | FIRST5 = G. | FIRST6 = S. T. | FIRST7 = S. | FIRST8 = B. | FIRST9 = M. | YEAR = 2020 | JOURNAL = MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION | PAGES = 108â127 | PMID = 32781465 | DOI-ACCESS = FREE, |image = Magpie goose.jpg|image_caption = Magpie goose, Anseranas semipalmata|taxon = Anseriformes | Johann Georg Wagler>Wagler, 1831 | family (biology)>families|subdivision =
EvolutionAnseriformes are one of only two types of modern bird to be confirmed present during the Mesozoic alongside the other dinosaurs, and in fact were among the very few birds to survive their extinction, along with their cousins the galliformes. These two groups only occupied two ecological niches during the Mesozoic, living in water and on the ground, while the toothed enantiornithes were the dominant birds that ruled the trees and air. The asteroid that ended the Mesozoic destroyed all trees as well as animals in the open, a condition that took centuries{{citation needed|reason=Centuries? This sounds way too short. An unimpeachable citation of the actual span is needed.|date=November 2022}} to recover from. The anseriformes and galliformes are thought to have survived in the cover of burrows and water, and not to have needed trees for food and reproduction.Quail-like creatures were the only birds to survive the dinosaur-killing asteroid impactThe earliest Cretaceous anseriform found so far is Vegavis, a goose-like waterfowl thought to have lived as long as 66 million years ago.The Delaware River: History, Traditions and Legends Some members apparently surviving the KT extinction event, including presbyornithids, thought to be the common ancestors of ducks, geese, swans, and screamers, the last group once thought to be galliformes, but now genetically confirmed to be closely related to geese. The first known duck fossils start to appear about 34 million years ago.Waterfowl are the best-known examples of sexually antagonistic genital coevolution in vertebrates, causing genital adaptations to coevolve in each sex to advance control over mating and fertilization. Sexually antagonistic coevolution (or SAC) occurs as a consequence of sexual conflict between males and females, resulting in coevolutionary process that reduce fit, or that functions to decrease ease of having sex.JOURNAL, Brennan, Patricia L.R., Prum, Richard O., July 2015, Mechanisms and Evidence of Genital Coevolution: The Roles of Natural Selection, Mate Choice, and Sexual Conflict, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7, 7, a017749, 10.1101/cshperspect.a017749, 26134314, 4484975, 1943-0264,TaxonomyThe Anseriformes and the Galliformes (pheasants, etc.) belong to a common group, the Galloanserae. They are the most primitive neognathous birds, and as such they should follow the palaeognathae (ratites and tinamous) in bird classification systems. Several unusual extinct families of birds like the albatross-like pseudotooth birds and the giant flightless gastornithids and mihirungs have been found to be stem-anseriforms based on common features found in the skull region, beak physiology and pelvic region.JOURNAL, Andors, A., 1992, Reappraisal of the Eocene groundbird Diatryma (Aves: Anserimorphae), Science Series Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 36, 109â125, BOOK, Murrary, P.F, Vickers-Rich, P., 2004, Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime, Indiana University Press, JOURNAL, Bourdon, E., 2005, Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes), 16240103, Naturwissenschaften, 92, 12, 586â91, 10.1007/s00114-005-0047-0, 2005NW.....92..586B, 9453177, JOURNAL, AgnolÃn, F., 2007, Brontornis burmeisteri Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina., Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 9, 15â25, 10.22179/revmacn.9.361, free, JOURNAL, Livezey, B.C., Zusi, R.L., 2007, Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, 2517308, The Science of Nature, 149, 1, 1â95, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x, 18784798, JOURNAL, Louchart, A., Sire, J.-Y., Mourer-Chauviré, C., Geraads, D., Viriot, L., de Buffrénil, V., 2013, Structure and Growth Pattern of Pseudoteeth in Pelagornis mauretanicus (Aves, Odontopterygiformes, Pelagornithidae), PLOS ONE, 8, 11, e80372, 10.1371/journal.pone.0080372, 24244680, 3828250, 2013PLoSO...880372L, free, The genus Vegavis for a while was found to be the earliest member of the anseriform crown group but a recent 2017 paper has found it to be just outside the crown group in the family Vegaviidae.JOURNAL, AgnolÃn, F.L., Egli, F.B., Chatterjee, S., Marsà , J.A.G, 2017, Vegaviidae, a new clade of southern diving birds that survived the K/T boundary, The Science of Nature, 104, 87, 87, 10.1007/s00114-017-1508-y, 28988276, 2017SciNa.104...87A, 13246547, Below is the general consensus of the phylogeny of anseriforms and their stem relatives.{{clade|style=font-size:107%|label1=Odontoanserae|1={{Clade
|1=â Pelagornithidae (pseudo-tooth birds) (File:Osteodontornis BW.jpg|70 px)
|label2=Anserimorphae |2={{clade |1=â Gastornithidae (File:Gastornis giganteus restoration.jpeg|70 px) |2={{clade |1=â Dromornithidae (mihirungs) (File:Dromornis BW.jpg|70 px) |2={{clade |1=â Vegaviidae |2=Anseriformes (screamers and waterfowl) (File:Palamedra cornuta white background.png|70 px) (File:Cayley Anseranas semipalmata white background.jpg|70 px)(File:Greylag flipped.JPG|70 px)}}}}}}}}}} SystematicsAnatidae systematics, especially regarding placement of some "odd" genera in the dabbling ducks or shelducks, is not fully resolved. See the Anatidae article for more information, and for alternate taxonomic approaches. Anatidae is traditionally divided into subfamilies Anatinae and Anserinae. The Anatinae consists of tribes Anatini, Aythyini, Mergini and Tadornini. The higher-order classification below follows a phylogenetic analysis performed by Mikko's Phylogeny ArchiveMikko's Phylogeny Archive weblink WEB, Haaramo, Mikko, 2007, Anseriformes â waterfowls,weblink 30 December 2015, Paleofile.com (net, info) WEB,weblink Paleofile.com, 2015-12-30, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160111195520weblink">weblink 2016-01-11, . WEB,weblink Taxonomic lists- Aves, 30 December 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160111195520weblink">weblink 11 January 2016, and John Boyd's website.John Boyd's website weblink WEB, Boyd, John, 2007, Anseriformes â waterfowl,weblink 30 December 2015,
PhylogenyLiving Anseriformes based on the work by John Boyd.{| class="collapsible expanded" style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #aaa" | |
Molecular studies
Studies of the mitochondrial DNA suggest the existence of four branches â Anseranatidae, Dendrocygninae, Anserinae and Anatinae â with Dendrocygninae being a subfamily within the family Anatidae and Anseranatidae representing anindependent family.JOURNAL, Liu, G, Zhou, L, Zhang, L, Luo, Z, Xu, W, 2013, The complete mitochondrial genome of bean goose (Anser fabalis) and implications for anseriformes taxonomy, PLOS ONE, 8, 5, e63334, 10.1371/journal.pone.0063334, 23717412, 3662773, 2013PLoSO...863334L, free, The clade Somaterini has a single genus Somateria.See also
References
{{Reflist}}Cited texts
{{Commons category|Anseriformes}}- JOURNAL, Agnolin, F, 2007, Brontornis burmeisteri Moreno & Mercerat, un Anseriformes (Aves) gigante del Mioceno Medio de Patagonia, Argentina, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 9, 15â25, 10.22179/revmacn.9.361, free,
- JOURNAL, Clarke, J. A., Tambussi, C. P., Noriega, J. I., Erickson, G. M., Ketcham, R. A., 2005, Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous, Nature, 433, 7023, 305â308, 10.1038/nature03150, 15662422, 2005Natur.433..305C, 4354309,weblink
- JOURNAL, Livezey, B. C., Zusi, R. L., 2007, Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149, 1, 1â95, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x, 18784798, 2517308,
- Murray, P. F. & Vickers-Rich, P. (2004) Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime. Indiana University Press.
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