Burma, East Bengal, Assam, Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia Kingdom>Jaintia\| caption = Photograph of surrender of the Burmese Army, 3rd Anglo-Burmese War\| image = Third anglo-burmese war.jpg\| partof = European colonisation of Southeast Asia	First Anglo-Burmese War>5 March 1824â€“29 November 1885\| result = British victory
Burmese resistance]]\| territory	British occupy what would become British Burma\| combatants_header = Belligerents

British Empire

(File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23px) East India Company {{small|(until 1858)}}
{{flagcountry|British Raj}} {{small|(from 1858)}}

Co-belligerent:{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1817).svg}} Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) {{small|(until 1826)}}

Konbaung dynasty}} Burmese Empire

Burmese Shan States

UKGBI}} Henry Godwin (Army officer)

{{flagicon>UKGBI}} Garnet Wolseley{{flagicon

Harry Prendergast(File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg>23px) William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst

{{flagicon>United Kingdom}} Sir Edward Paget{{flagicon

Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet>Sir Archibald Campbell{{flagicon

Joseph Wanton Morrison Death by natural causes>#Co-belligerent:{{flagicon image

Rama III{{flagicon image>Flag of Thailand (1817).svg}} Chaophraya Mahayotha

Chaophraya Mahayotha{{flagicon image>Flag of Thailand (1817).svg}} Phraya Surasena{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1817).svg}} Phraya Chumphon

Konbaung dynasty}} King Bagyidaw{{flagicon

Thibaw Min{{flagicon>Konbaung Dynasty}} Pagan Min {{flagicon

war}} Maung Gyi {{flagicon

war}} Kyauk Lon {{flagicon

war}} Maha Bandula{{KIA}}{{flagicon

war}} Maha Ne Myo{{KIA}}{{flagicon

war}} Minkyaw Zeya Thura

23px) Presidency armies {{flagicon

British Army>Royal RegimentsCo-belligerent:{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (1817).svg}} Royal Siamese Army

Konbaung dynasty|war}}Royal Burmese Army

Shan Levies

Thai people>Siamese)| strength2 = over 40,000| casualties1 = Unknown but some died by disease| casualties2 = Unknown}}{{History of Burma}}The Anglo-Burmese Wars were an armed conflict between two expanding empires, the British Empire and the Konbaung Dynasty, that became British Indiaâ€˜s most expensive and longest war, costing 5â€“13 million pounds sterling (Â£400 million â€“ Â£1.1 billion as of 2019) and spanning over 60 years. There were three Burmese Wars or Anglo-Burmese Wars:

First Anglo-Burmese War (1824 to 1826)San Beck Org.
Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852 to 1853)
Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885)

Chronology

The expansion of Burma (present-day Myanmar) under the Konbaung dynasty had consequences along its frontiers. As those frontiers moved ever closer to the British East India Company and later British India, there were problems both with refugees and military operations spilling over ill-defined borders.

First Anglo-Burmese War

The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824â€“1826) ended in a British East India Company victory, and by the Treaty of Yandabo, Burma lost territory previously conquered in Assam, Manipur, and Arakan.BOOK, History of Burma, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 1967, 236â€“247, 2, Susil Gupta, London, The British also took possession of Tenasserim with the intention to use it as a bargaining chip in future negotiations with either Burma or Siam.BOOK,weblink D.G.E. Hall, D.G.E. Hall, 1960, Burma, Hutchinson University Library, 109â€“113, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050519230755weblink">weblink 2005-05-19, As the century wore on, the British East India Company began to covet the resources and main part of Burma during an era of great territorial expansion.BOOK, The River of Lost Footsteps, Thant Myint-U, 2008, 113â€“127, 1 paperback, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, USA,

Second Anglo-Burmese War

In 1852, Commodore Lambert was dispatched to Burma by Lord Dalhousie over a number of minor issues related to the previous treaty.The Burmese immediately made concessions including the removal of a governor whom the British had made their casus belli. Lambert eventually provoked a naval confrontation in extremely questionable circumstances and thus started the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852, which ended in the British annexation of Pegu province, renamed Lower Burma. The war resulted in a palace revolution in Burma, with King Pagan Min (1846â€“1853) being replaced by his half brother, Mindon Min (1853â€“1878).

Third Anglo-Burmese War

King Mindon tried to modernise the Burmese state and economy to ensure its independence, and he established a new capital at Mandalay, which he proceeded to fortify.German Language Institute {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103220416weblink |date=2015-01-03 }} These efforts would eventually prove unsuccessful, however, when the British claimed that Mindon's son Thibaw Min (ruled 1878â€“1885) was a tyrant intending to side with the French,www.enotes.com that he had lost control of the country, thus allowing for disorder at the frontiers, and that he was reneging on a treaty signed by his father. The British declared war once again in 1885, conquering the remainder of the country in the Third Anglo-Burmese War resulting in total annexation of Burma.BOOK, The River of Lost Footsteps, Thant Myint-U, 2008, 161â€“162 + photo, 1 paperback, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, USA,

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Anglo-Burmese Wars

Chronology

First Anglo-Burmese War

Second Anglo-Burmese War

Third Anglo-Burmese War

See also

References

Further reading