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{{Short description|Election for the 39th Parliament of Australia}}{{Use Australian English|date=February 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}

factoids

3.52%}}Percentage point>pp)Australian House of Representatives>House of Representatives75 seats were needed for a majority in the House40 (of the 76) seats in the SenateThe election in the seat of Newcastle was deferred to 21 November 1998.}}Instant-runoff voting#Australia>First preference| image_size = 200x200px| image1 = John howard.jpg| leader1 = John Howard1995 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill>| party1 = Liberal/National coalitionDivision of Bennelong>Bennelong (NSW)| last_election1 = 94 seats| seats_before1 = 94| seats1 = 80| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 14| popular_vote1 = 4,388,809| percentage1 = 39.51%| swing1 = {{decrease}} 7.73%| image2 = Kim Beazley crop.jpg| leader2 = Kim Beazley1996 Australian Labor Party leadership election>| party2 = Australian Labor PartyDivision of Brand>Brand (WA)| last_election2 = 49 seats| seats_before2 = 49| seats2 = 67| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 18| popular_vote2 = 4,454,306| percentage2 = 40.10%| swing2 = {{increase}} 1.34%Prime Minister of Australia>Prime Minister| before_election = John Howard| before_party = Liberal/National coalition| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister| after_election = John Howard| after_party = Liberal/National coalition400px)| map_size =| map_caption = Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party’s margin of victory.Two-party-preferred vote>TPP| 1data1 = 49.02%| 1data2 = 50.98%Two-party-preferred vote>TPP swing| 2data1 = {{decrease}} 4.61| 2data2 = {{increase}} 4.61}}The 1998 Australian federal election was held to determine the members of the 39th Parliament of Australia. It was held on 3 October 1998. All 148 seats of the House of Representatives and 40 seats of the 76-seat Senate were up for election. The incumbent centre-right Liberal/National Coalition government led by Prime Minister John Howard of the Liberal Party and coalition partner Tim Fischer of the National Party defeated the centre-left Australian Labor Party opposition led by Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, despite losing the nationwide popular and two-party preferred vote. However, the Australian Labor Party gained seats from the previous election.Entering parliament at this election were future Prime Ministers Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard, future Liberal deputy leader and future Minister of Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop, future Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Swan and future Speaker Anna Burke.

Background

The election returned the Member of the House of Representatives for its 1998–2001 term and half of Australia’s senators, who then served in the 1999–2002 Senate.Despite winning almost 51 percent of the two-party-preferred vote and regaining much of what it had lost in its severe defeat of two years earlier, Labor fell short of forming government. The government was re-elected with 49.02% of the two-party-preferred vote, compared to 50.98% for the Australian Labor Party, the largest difference of six election results where the winner did not gain a two-party preferred majority, since 2PP results first estimated from 1937.File:1998 Election Australia Gallagher Index.png|thumb|300px|The Gallagher IndexGallagher IndexThe election on 3 October 1998 was held six months earlier than required by the Constitution. Prime Minister John Howard made the announcement following the launch of the coalition’s Goods and Services Tax (GST) policy launch and a five-week advertising campaign. The ensuing election was almost entirely dominated by the proposed 10% GST and proposed income tax cuts.In reaction to One Nation’s policies, the other significant parties all agreed to preference against One Nation. One Nation lost its lone house seat when founder and leader Pauline Hanson lost on preferences to Liberal candidate Cameron Thompson in the Queensland electorate of Blair. In Queensland, One Nation polled 14.83% of the Senate vote, sufficient to elect one senator without the need for preferences.{{Refn|name=1996 APH|WEB, Newman, G, Kopras, A, 4 November 1996, Federal Elections 1996,parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/library/prspub/OU730/upload_binary/OU730.pdf, 2022-01-10, Background Paper 6 1996-97, Parliamentary Research Service, 1037-2938, }}The seat initially went to Heather Hill, but she was subsequently disqualified under Section 44 of the Constitution, and replaced by Len Harris.The election-eve Newspoll reported Labor on a 53 percent two-party-preferred vote.WEB,polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au/cgi-bin/polling/display_poll_data.pl?url_caller=&mode=trend&page=show_polls&question_set_id=1, Newspoll archive since 1987, Polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au, 2016-07-30,polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au/cgi-bin/polling/display_poll_data.pl?url_caller=&mode=trend&page=show_polls&question_set_id=1," title="web.archive.org/web/20160303135154polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au/cgi-bin/polling/display_poll_data.pl?url_caller=&mode=trend&page=show_polls&question_set_id=1,">web.archive.org/web/20160303135154polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au/cgi-bin/polling/display_poll_data.pl?url_caller=&mode=trend&page=show_polls&question_set_id=1, 3 March 2016, dead, On election night of 3 October, the exit poll showed Labor on a 53 percent two-party-preferred vote. Labor made the single biggest gain by an Opposition party following an election defeat; the Coalition’s majority was cut from 40 to 12. It was only when the first returns trickled in from Western Australia that the Coalition was assured of another term. The swing across all states would have normally been sufficient for a change of government, but the uneven nature of the swing left Kim Beazley eight seats short of becoming Prime Minister.The uneven nature of the swing saw Labor getting huge swings in seats that they held prior to the election but not enough in seats needed to gain government.WEB,www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-04/how-many-seats-did-john-howard-lose-at-the-1998-gst-election/9388732, 4 October 2021, How Many Seats Did John Howard Lose at the 1998 GST Election?, ABC News, Australia, Antony Green, 4 February 2016, The election for the division of Newcastle was deferred as the {{Australian politics/name|Democrats}} candidate died on 1 October, two days before the federal election. A supplementary election was held on 21 November, with Labor winning and holding the seat.WEB,psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/1998/1998repsnsw.txt, 1998 House of Representatives: NSW, Psephos Adam Carr’s Election Archive, 2022-06-11, WEB,www.aec.gov.au/elections/supplementary_by_elections/1998/newcastle.htm, Newcastle 1998 supplementary election, Australian Electoral Commission, 19 January 2011, 17 January 2023,

Results

House of Representatives results

File:Australian House of Representatives elected members, 1998.svg|right|thumb|250px|Government (80)Coalition{{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Liberal}}|border=darkgray}} Liberal (64){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|National}}|border=darkgray}} National (16)Opposition (67){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Labor}}|border=darkgray}} Labor (67)Crossbench (1){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} Independent (1)]]{{Excerpt|Results of the 1998 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)|Australia|bold=yes}}{{bar box| title=Popular vote| titlebar=#ddd| width=600px| barwidth=410px| bars={{bar percent|Labor|{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}|40.10}}{{bar percent|Liberal|{{party color|Liberal Party of Australia}}|33.89}}{{bar percent|One Nation|{{party color|One Nation (Australia)}}|8.43}}{{bar percent|National|{{party color|National Party of Australia}}|5.29}}{{bar percent|Democrats|#F4940D|5.13}}{{bar percent|Greens|#10C25B|2.14}}{{bar percent|CLP|#ff9933|0.32}}{{bar percent|Independents|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|1.76}}{{bar percent|Other|#777777|2.94}}}}{{bar box| title=Two-party-preferred vote| titlebar=#ddd| width=600px| barwidth=410px| bars={{bar percent|Labor|{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}|50.98}}{{bar percent|Coalition|{{party color|Coalition (Australia)}}|49.02}}}}{{bar box| title=Parliament seats| titlebar=#ddd| width=600px| barwidth=410px| bars={{bar percent|Coalition|{{party color|Coalition (Australia)}}|54.05}}{{bar percent|Labor|{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}|45.27}}{{bar percent|Independents|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|0.68}}}}

Senate results

File:Australian Senate elected members, 1998.svg|right|thumb|250px|Government (35)Coalition{{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Liberal}}|border=darkgray}} Liberal (31){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|National}}|border=darkgray}} National (3){{Color box|{{party color|Country Liberal Party}}|border=darkgray}} CLP (1)Opposition (29){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Labor}}|border=darkgray}} Labor (29)Crossbench (12){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Democrats}}|border=darkgray}} Democrats (9){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Greens}}|border=darkgray}} Greens (1){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|One Nation}}|border=darkgray}} One Nation (1){{Color box|{{Australian politics/party colours|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} Independent (1)]]{{Excerpt|Results of the 1998 Australian federal election (Senate)|Australia|bold=yes}}{{-}}

House of Representatives preference flows

• The Nationals had candidates in 13 seats where three-cornered-contests existed, with 88.89% of preferences favouring the Liberal Party.
• One Nation contested 135 electorates with preferences slightly favouring the Liberal/National Coalition (53.66%)
• The Democrats contested 144 electorates with preferences slightly favouring Labor (56.72%)
• The Greens contested 120 electorates with preferences strongly favouring Labor (73.28%)

Seats changing hands{|class“wikitable”

! rowspan=“2“| Seat! colspan=“4“| Pre-1998! rowspan=“2“| Swing! colspan=“4“| Post-1998! colspan=“2“| Party! Member! Margin! Margin! Member! colspan=“2“| PartyDivision of Bass>Bass, TasLiberal}}| | LiberalWarwick Smith (politician)>Warwick Smith 4.57 4.63 0.06| Michelle O’Byrne| LaborLabor}}| Division of Bendigo>Bendigo, VicLiberal}}| | LiberalBruce Reid (politician)>Bruce Reid 0.88 4.35 3.47Steve Gibbons (politician)>Steve Gibbons| LaborLabor}}| Division of Bowman>Bowman, QldLiberal}}| | Liberal| Andrea West 0.89 4.18 3.29| Con Sciacca| LaborLabor}}| Division of Braddon>Braddon, TasLiberal}}| | LiberalChris Miles (politician)>Chris Miles 5.69 10.02 4.33| Sid Sidebottom| LaborLabor}}| Division of Canning>Canning, WALiberal}}| | Liberal| Ricky Johnston 1.64 5.16 3.52| Jane Gerick| LaborLabor}}| Division of Capricornia>Capricornia, QldNationals}}| | National| Paul Marek 3.46 8.75 5.29| Kirsten Livermore| LaborLabor}}| Division of Chisholm>Chisholm, VicLiberal}}| | LiberalMichael Wooldridge (politician)>Michael Wooldridge 2.60 4.67 2.07| Anna Burke| LaborLabor}}| Division of Cowan>Cowan, WALiberal}}| | LiberalRichard Evans (Australian politician)>Richard Evans 4.06 7.62 3.56Graham Edwards (politician)>Graham Edwards| LaborLabor}}| Division of Curtin>Curtin, WAIndependent}}| | Independent| Allan Rocher 7.28 N/A{{hsp}}{{efnAllan Rocher, Graeme Campbell and Paul Filing were not in the final two candidates for their seats; the second figures are against Labor.}} 13.28| Julie Bishop| LiberalLiberal}}| Division of Dickson>Dickson, QldLiberal}}| | LiberalTony Smith (Queensland politician)>Tony Smith{{hsp}}{{efnTony Smith (Queensland politician)>Tony Smith contested his seat as an independent. The figures shown are against Labor.}} 3.90 4.02 0.12| Cheryl Kernot| LaborLabor}}| Division of Griffith>Griffith, QldLiberal}}| | Liberal| Graeme McDougall 1.50 3.93 2.43| Kevin Rudd| LaborLabor}}| Division of Hume>Hume, NSWNationals}}| | NationalJohn Sharp (Australian politician)>John Sharp 4.35 3.71 8.06| Alby Schultz| LiberalLiberal}}| Division of Kingston>Kingston, SALiberal}}| | Liberal| Susan Jeanes 2.01 2.48 0.47David Cox (Australian politician)>David Cox| LaborLabor}}| Division of Kalgoorlie>Kalgoorlie, WAIndependent}}| | IndependentGraeme Campbell (politician)>Graeme Campbell 10.35 N/A{{hsp}}{{efn|name=Splitter}} 2.10| Barry Haase| LiberalLiberal}}| Division of Lilley>Lilley, QldLiberal}}| | Liberal| Elizabeth Grace 0.80 3.93 3.13| Wayne Swan| LaborLabor}}| Division of Lowe>Lowe, NSWLiberal}}| | LiberalPaul Zammit{{hsp}}{{efn>Paul Zammit contested his seat as an independent. The figures shown are against Liberal.}} 2.46 7.09 4.63John Murphy (Australian politician)>John Murphy| LaborLabor}}| Division of McMillan>McMillan, VicLiberal}}| | Liberal| Russell Broadbent 2.07 2.64 0.57| Christian Zahra| LaborLabor}}| Division of Moore>Moore, WAIndependent}}| | Independent| Paul Filing 13.28 N/A{{hsp}}{{efn|name=Splitter}} 4.13| Mal Washer| LiberalLiberal}}| Division of Northern Territory>Northern Territory, NTCLP}}| | Country Liberal| Nick Dondas 0.37 0.94 0.57| Warren Snowdon| LaborLabor}}| Division of Oxley>Oxley, QldOne Nation}}| | One NationPauline Hanson{{hsp}}{{efn>At the 1996 election Pauline Hanson had been disendorsed as the Liberal candidate and ran as an independent, but she remained a Liberal on the ballot paper. She created the One Nation Party and contested the seat of Division of Blair in this election after a redistribution, losing to Liberal Cameron Thompson (politician)>Cameron Thompson. The figures shown are a two-party-preferred basis between Labor and Liberal.}} 0.35 7.85 8.20| Bernie Ripoll| LaborLabor}}| Division of Paterson>Paterson, NSWLiberal}}| | LiberalBob Baldwin (politician)>Bob Baldwin 0.43 1.65 1.22| Bob Horne| LaborLabor}}| Division of Stirling>Stirling, WALiberal}}| | Liberal| Eoin Cameron 3.22 4.26 1.04| Jann McFarlane| LaborLabor}}| Division of Swan>Swan, WALiberal}}| | LiberalDon Randall (politician)>Don Randall 3.63 6.33 2.70| Kim Wilkie| LaborLabor}}| 

See also

• Candidates of the 1998 Australian federal election
• Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1998–2001
• Members of the Australian Senate, 1999–2002

Notes

{{Notelist|refs={{efn|name=Hanson|Pauline Hanson has been counted as an independent for the 1996 election. She had been disendorsed as the Liberal candidate and ran as an independent, but she remained a Liberal on the ballot paper.}}}}

References

{{Reflist}}

• www.abc.net.au/election98/default.htm" title="web.archive.org/web/20080513023800www.abc.net.au/election98/default.htm">Election 98, campaign and results coverage by the ABC
• Australian Electoral Commission Results
• University of WA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118085343elections.uwa.edu.au/ |date=18 January 2015 }} election results in Australia since 1890
• AEC 2PP vote
• AustralianPolitics.com election details
• Preference flows – ABC

{{Australian elections}}{{Politics of Australia}}