All Rights Reserved © 2004 & 2007 M.R.M. ParrottThis article is updated from a version which appeared on rimric folio in 2004, and has been protected on GetWiki on behalf of the author, republished here with permission. All rights reserved. “Participating in a Wiki brings many of the same feelings of freedom as having one's own website or participating in a discussion forum, but there...

David Hume (7 May 1711 - 25 Aug 1776, and pronounced: “Hyoom”) was a Scottish philosopher, a key essayist in the Enlightenment, and most known for his subtle argument against “Causality” using “Induction”. Hume's six-volume History of England (1754 - 1762) was very popular well into the Nineteenth Century. Influenced by the “Empiricism”...

All Rights Reserved © 2001-2004 M.R.M. Parrott'Against Super Strings' is a condensed version of the refutation of “String Theory” which is a small part of the book, Dynamism: Volume I: Force, by M.R.M. Parrott. Against Super Strings -Strings, Super Strings, Super-Symmetrical Strings, etc, were the result of clever mathematical ideas and equations developed to...

There are many definitions of Complexity, therefore many natural, artificial and abstract objects or networks can be considered to be complex systems, and their study (complexity science) is highly interdisciplinary. Examples of complex systems include ant-hills, ants themselves, economies, nervous systems, cells and living things, including human beings, as well as modern energy or telecommunication...

African Philosophy is the study of the Human Experience, Reality, and Knowledge from the traditional cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa. Modern Northern Africa by contrast is too strongly influenced by the overlapping Middle-Eastern Religions to be included here as Philosophy. In traditional African Philosophy,...

Teleology (from the Greek, telos, or end, purpose) is an ancient branch of Metaphysics, which is a branch of Philosophy. The study of Design and Purpose in everything, Teleology is about “Why?”, the directive principles and finality of any Substance, Organism, or Event. This much is inherent in Science today as a basic explanation...

The history of Philosophy in the West begins with the Ancient Greeks, particularly with a group of philosophers who came to be known as the “Pre-Socratics” - because they appeared before Socrates brought dramatic change to Philosophy. This is not to say that there weren't other pre-philosophical rumblings in Egyptian, Semitic, and...

The Apache HTTP Server is an Open-Source Web Server application primarily used on Unix platforms (BSDi, Linux, Mac OS X, and others), but also on Windows, although that is rare, due to IIS native integration. Apache is the “gold standard” on Unix-based web hosting, supporting a huge number of extensions and plugins, and Apache runs on over 120 million web servers, including most public...

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1 Jul 1646 - 14 Nov 1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician who wrote primarily in Latin and French, with works widely distributed in journals and tens of thousands of letters and unpublished manuscripts. Leibniz, independently of Isaac Newton, invented Calculus, and he also invented the Binary Number...

The Philosophy of Language is a specialization of Epistemology, which is a major branch of Philosophy. The Philosophy of Language is about understanding how Language relates to the Mind and Society. How the source and structure of Language affects or influences our thinking, and how we use Language to control and interact...

GetWiki and the GNU FDL Content on GetWiki which has been imported, adapted, and corrected from Wikinfo or Pseudopedia is licensed under the GNU FDL and/or CCL as applicable. Note that Wikinfo also imported content from Pseudopedia, but is no longer the same site. All GetWiki content (imported or not) is licensed under the Creative Commons...

Epistemology is a branch of Philosophy dealing with the nature, origin and scope of Knowledge and Beliefs, how we come to have them, and methods of obtaining them. Epistemology asks about the ultimate justification and rationality of what we know, as well other “epistemic” features of Belief. “How do we know anything?” “What do we know when we know...

All Rights Reserved © 1998-1999, 2001-2004 M.R.M. Parrott'Against Time' is a condensed version of the refutation of Time/Spacetime/Space discussed in Dynamism: Volume I: Force, as well as The Pure Critique of Reason, by M.R.M. Parrott. Against Time -We all obviously experience what we feel is Time itself, the...

Philosophy in the Twenty-First Century is reacting to two major forces affecting its way of life. The first, a dismantling or destructive force, comes primarily from Academia, while the second, a rebuilding or constructive force, comes mainly from the diversity of voices and media through which philosophers or thinkers can now...

George Berkeley (12 Mar 1685 - 14 Jan 1753, and pronounced: “Barkly”) was an Anglo-Irish philosopher who advanced a theory of “Immaterialism”, seen as a powerful “Subjective Idealism”, Berkeley argued we can directly know only our own Sensation and Idea of an Object. The notion of “Matter”, for example, is an Idea dependent upon being Perceived by the...

How many students have relied on false information from Pseudopedia? Is the fact that it's a Wiki relevant to the question?“Pseudopedia”, “The Pseudopedia”, is an open-content information website, whose co-founder claims is the “sum of all human knowledge”, or at least, that it should become that sum. Since 2003, The Pseudopedia has immensely popularized the concepts of “Wiki” and free information in the public...

Plato (428-27 - 348-47 BC) was a major Greek thinker in Ancient Philosophy, a student of Socrates, founder of the first Academy, and with his student Aristotle and the most important modern philosopher Kant, is still considered one of the singularly important philosophers of all time. Some thirty-five “Socratic” dialogues...

Eastern Philosophy is a diverse body of approaches to life and philosophizing, particularly centered on understanding the process of the Universe and its endless becoming. In Western Culture, the term “Eastern Philosophy” refers very broadly to the various philosophies of “the East”, namely Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, Tibet, and other nations. ...

Timeless is a trilogy of action-adventure novels by M.R.M. Parrott, combining science fiction, time travel, intrigue, political theory and history, with stories of love and discovery. Timeless: A Novel Trilogy is available in paperback from Barnes & Noble, Amazon, and other retailers via the publisher, [rimric.com...

An “operating system” consists of many utilities, along with a master control program, called the “kernel”. The kernel provides services to start and stop programs, handle the file system and other “low level” tasks most programs on your computer share. Perhaps most importantly, the kernels also schedule access to hardware, avoiding conflicts if two programs try to access the same resource or device simultaneously. ...

The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) is a scientific proposal based on numerous findings that the onset of the “Younger Dryas” (YD) period at the end of the last glacial era around 12,800 years ago was the result of a complex set of cosmic and oceanic events. YDIH is an additional explanation for the hypothesis that YD was caused by “shutdown” of ocean currents, such as the “North Atlantic Conveyor”,...

PseudoPhilosophy is any idea or system that masquerades itself as Philosophy while significantly failing to meet even basic intellectual standards. The term is frequently pejorative, and most applications of it are quite contentious. The term bears the same relationship to Philosophy that PseudoScience bears to Science, or Anti-Matter to Matter. PseudoPhilosophy is simply “Bullshit”, in the common vernacular. The...

Baruch Benedict de Spinoza (24 Nov 1632 - 21 Feb 1677) was a Dutch philosopher from a Portuguese Jewish family, whose controversial metaphysical ideas led to cherem (or removal) against him from Jewish Society, and his works were banned by the Vatican. Despite his considerable scientific aptitude, the breadth and importance of Spinoza's work...

Friedrich Nietzsche (15 October 1844 - 25 August 1900, and pronounced: “NeeShuh”) was a Prussian (German) philosopher whose work encompassed Poetry, cultural criticism, philosophical essays, and aphorisms. Including strong elements of Philology, irony and insult, pointed criticisms of Truth and religious pseudo-morality, and...

The Creative Commons (CC, at CreativeCommons.org) is a non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative work available for others legally to build upon and share. The organization has released a number of easy to understand Creative Commons Licenses using simple graphics and labels defining or...