Eastern Philosophy is a diverse body of approaches to life and philosophizing, particularly centered on understanding the process of the Universe and the endless “becoming”. In Western culture, the term Eastern Philosophy refers very broadly to the various...

Middle East Region, (Middle East) Middle Eastern Philosophy is largely guided by the Abrahamic Religions, ancient theologies, comprising full world-views and their philosophical and historical interpretations and philosophizing up to the present...

Western Philosophy is a line of related philosophical thinking, beginning in Ancient Greece, and including the predominant philosophical thinking of Europe and its former colonies up to the present day. The concept of philosophy itself...

African Philosophy is a disputed term used in different ways by different philosophers. Although African philosophers spend their time doing_work in many different areas, such as Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, and Political Philosophy, a great deal of the literature is...

Islamic Philosophy is a part of the Islamic Studies, and forms a longstanding attempt to create...

Ancient Western Philosophy - The key figure in transforming early_Greek_philosophy into a unified and continuous project - the one still being pursued today - is Socrates, who studied under several Sophists and then spent much of his life, we are told, engaging everyone in Athens in discussion trying to determine whether anyone had a very good idea what they were...

Hindu Philosophy (one of the main divisions of Indian Philosophy) is traditionally seen through the prism of six different systems that are listed here. The characteristic of this Philosophy is to consider being (consciousness) together with the other issues. Nyaya - The Nyaya school of philosophical speculation is based on a text called the Nyaya Sutra. It was written by...

The term Indian Philosophy may refer to any of several traditions of philosophical thought, including: Hindu Philosophy Buddhist Philosophy Jain Philosophy

The teachings of Gautama Buddha (6th century BC - 5th century BC), because of its non-theistic nature, have been described as more of a Philosophy than a Religion. However, adherents of Buddhism contest that even these two categories lack in defining Buddhist teaching. For them, Buddhism presents itself as way to attain understanding and direct insight into the true nature of...

Chinese Philosophy has a history of several thousand years. Its origins are often traced back to the Yi Jing (commonly spelled “I Ching”), an ancient compendium of divination, which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese Philosophy. Its age can only be estimated, but it certainly draws from an oracular tradition that goes back to Neolithic...

Please contribute to this page Often overlooked, the time after the great ancient_philosophers was rich with philosophical activity, rediscovery of ancient writing, and challenges to tradition. Hellenistic Philosophers - Cicero Zeno of Citium Epictetus Epicurus Lucretius Empedocles The Neo-Platonists: Ammonius...

The Renaissance as a movement and Philosophy is described as the reaching back for classical models in Medieval Europe, the search for naturalism over stylism in Art, the reemergence of Mathematics as intimately related to...

Modern philosophy is Philosophy done during the “modern” era of Europe and North America. It is not a specific doctrine or school, (and so should not be confused with Modernism or Modernity) although there are certain assumptions common to much of it distinguishing it from Renaissance Philosophy and Contemporary Philosophy periods. Is Modern Philosophy Modern?...

The Philosophy of the era now known as the Middle Ages (the period roughly extending from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance) is a widely varied period in the history of philosophical_thought. However, one defining feature which...

Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. Many elements of second-century gnosticsm are pre-Christian. The name of gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (??????), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden knowledge (esoteric knowledge) that only a few may possess. The...

Christian Philosophy is a two-millennia tradition of rational thought as applied to the Christian tradition. No survey article can do more than touch on the most major figures and traditions, each of which are covered in articles of their own. Also there has been considerable interaction with Jewish Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy that continues into the modern era, e.g. Modern...

Jewish Philosophy is the conjunction between serious study of Philosophy and Jewish Theology. Early Jewish Philosophy was heavilly influenced by the Philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic Philosophy. Many early medieval Jewish philosophers (700s to 1000 CE) were especially influenced by the Islamic Motazilites; they denied all limiting attributes of God and were...

Near the turn of the 20th century, and certainly thereafter, Philosophy literally exploded in several challenging directions of inquiry. Contemporary Philosophy, like Modern Philosophy, is a misleading historical term, and generally, “contemporary” is slowly coming to mean only that Philosophy done from around the time of the first World War to the late seventies or eighties of the...

The history of Philosophy in the west begins with the Greeks, and particularly with a group of philosophers commonly called the “pre-Socratics”, so named because they appeared before Socrates brought dramatic_change to philosophy. This is not to say that there were not other...