GetWiki:Special Characters

XHTML Symbols

• Below is a quick reference for Logic and Mathematics symbols in XHTML which work on all modern browsers
• These are intended for logical and mathematical articles, or any page requiring special characters not found in the “edit bar”
• Feel free to copy-and-paste (ctrl/cmd-c, ctrl/cmd-v) symbols

Logic: ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀

Sets: ∈ ∉ ∋ ∅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊃ ⊂ ⊄ ∪ ∩ ℵ ∈ ∉ ∋ ∅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊃ ⊂ ⊄ ∪ ∩ ℵ

Relations: ≠ ≤ ≥ < > ≡ ≈ ≅ ∝ &ne; &le; &ge; &lt; &gt; &equiv; &asymp; &cong; &prop;

Punctuation: · ′ ″ … ‾ ˆ — – &middot; &prime; &Prime; &hellip; &oline; &circ; &mdash; &ndash;

Numbers: ¼ ½ ¾ ¹ ² ³ &frac14; &frac12; &frac34; &sup1; &sup2; &sup3;

Analysis: ∂ ∫ ∑ ∞ ∏ √ ∇ ℘ ℑ ℜ &part; &int; &sum; &infin; &prod; &radic; &nabla; &weierp; &image; &real;

Arrows: ← ↓ → ↑ ↔ ↵ ⇐ ⇓ ⇒ ⇑ ⇔ &larr; &darr; &rarr; &uarr; &harr; &crarr; &lArr; &dArr; &rArr; &uArr; &hArr;

Delimiters: ⌈ ⌉ ⌊⌋ ⟨ ⟩ « » &lceil; &rceil; &lfloor;&rfloor; &lang; &rang; &laquo; &raquo;

Binary ops: − × ÷ ⁄ ± ° ⊥ ⊕ ⊗ ∗ &minus; &times; &divide; &frasl; &plusmn; &deg; &perp; &oplus; &otimes; &lowast;

Misc: † ¦ ∠ ∴ ⋅ ◊ • ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ &dagger; &brvbar; &ang; &there4; &sdot; &loz; &bull; &spades; &clubs; &hearts; &diams;

Spacing: thin, width n, width m and non-breakable spaces. &thinsp; &ensp; &emsp; &nbsp;

Greek: α β γ Α Β Γ etc. &alpha; &beta; &gamma; &Alpha; &Beta; &Gamma; etc.

Unicode: &#x22A2; (for example) gives the character ⊢ with unicode number x22A2 (hexadecimal). Warning: many of the more obscure unicode characters do not yet work on all browsers.

See Also

• GetWiki:Symbols Table
• XML and XHTML Character Entity References is a longer list of XHTML characters
• Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
• Mathematical_Markup_Language

External Links

• List of HTML codes
• List of HTML entity codes
• Hypertext Markup Language ASCII codes
• Huge collection of symbols, most of which probably do not work on many web browsers.
• Unicode character name index — finds the Unicode number of a character.
• W3C list of MathML characters indexed by code or name