Open-source computer software is software whose source code is either in the public domain or, more commonly, is...

Thomas Hobbes (5 Apr 1588 - 4 Dec 1679) was an English political_philosopher, most famous for his book Leviathan (1651), and his view of a “state of nature” to avoid, a life “brutish, nasty and short”. His view of the necessity of a powerful central Government, where some may be stronger or more intelligent than others, but none are beyond fear of another doing harm to them. ...

The philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy which deals with the study of science (in the sense of “natural science”). The philosophy of science is closely related to epistemology. It seeks to explain such things as the nature of scientific statements, the way in which they are produced,...

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language designed for creating web pages, that is, information presented on the World Wide Web. Defined as a simple “application” of SGML, which is used by organizations with complex publishing requirements, HTML was an Internet standard maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The...

Middle East Region, (Middle East) Middle Eastern Philosophy is largely guided by the Abrahamic Religions, ancient theologies, comprising full world-views and their philosophical and historical interpretations and philosophizing up to the present...

Ethics (from the Ancient Greek ethikos, the adjective of ethos, “custom, habit”), is a major branch of Philosophy and the study of Value Theory, Customs and Morality of a person or group. It covers the analysis and employment of concepts such as Right and Wrong, Good and Evil, and moral responsibility...

For non-technical usage see Pragmatism (non-technical usage). For themes emphasized by Charles Sanders Peirce see Pragmaticism. Pragmatism, as a school of philosophy, is a collection of many different ways of thinking. Given the diversity among thinkers and the variety among schools of thought that have adopted this term over the years, the term pragmatism has become all...

John Locke (29 Aug 1632 - 28 Oct 1704) was an English physician and philosopher and a key Enlightenment influence. After Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes, Locke developed Empiricism as a strong response to Cartesian Dualism and Rationalism, and a new Contract Theory in response to the...

__NOTOC__ Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), or simply XTML, is an SGML markup language that has the same expressive possibilites as HTML, but conforms to the XML standard which is more strict. XHTML has been recommended...

Christian Philosophy is a two-millennia tradition of rational thought as applied to the Christian tradition. No survey article can do more than touch on the most major figures and traditions, each of which are covered in articles of their own. Also there has been considerable interaction with Jewish Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy that continues into the modern era, e.g. Modern...

Mark Ray Martin Parrott (born 12 Oct 1966) is an American philosopher, writer, musician, photographer, designer, and programmer, known for his early adoption of independent, small press Publishing, and as developer of GetWiki, a wiki/blog website focusing on Philosophy and other subjects. M.R.M...

Philosophy in the 21st Century is reacting to two major forces affecting its way of life. The first, a dismantling or destructive force, comes primarily from Academia, while the second, a rebuilding or constructive force, comes mainly from the diversity of voices and media through which...

Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE - The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document “free” in the...

Western Philosophy is a line of related philosophical thinking, beginning in Ancient Greece, and including the predominant philosophical thinking of Europe and its former colonies up to the present day. The concept of philosophy itself...

In logic, the comprehension of an object is the totality of intensions, that is, attributes, characters, marks, properties, or qualities, that the object possesses, or else the totality of intensions that are pertinent to the context of a given discussion. This is the correct technical term for the whole collection of intensions of an object, but it is common in less...

GetMeta is the meta topic area, a metanamespace in wiki terms. The GetMeta name was the title of the GetWiki.net wiki, originally, but is now reserved for pages and discussion related to that wiki, as the wiki was renamed to GetWiki on 11 March, 2007, to take advantage of the more well-known name.

The Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative work available for others legally to build upon and share. The organization has released several copyright licenses known as Creative Commons Licenses. These licenses, depending on the one chosen, restrict only certain...

This article develops the theory of relations in regard to its specifically combinatorial aspects. For a general discussion of the basic definitions, see the articles on binary relations and relations_in_mathematics. Relations fall into various types according to their specific properties, often as expressed in the axioms or...

A Matrix_Philosophy All Rights Reserved © 2003, 2008, 2024 M.R.M. ParrottThe text of this article includes versions which appeared on rimric folio in 2003, and from multiple authors in public newsgroups in 1999, and has been protected on GetWiki on behalf of the authors, republished here with permission and/or fair use. ...

In logic and mathematics, relation reduction and relational reducibility have to do with the extent to which a given relation is determined by an indexed family or a sequence of other relations, called the relation dataset. The relation under examination is called the reductandum. The relation dataset typically consists of a specified relation over...

All Rights Reserved © 1998-99 M.R.M. ParrottThe chapter discussed below first appeared as a series of internet discussion posts on Usenet, in 1998-99, and is the final chapter of “Synthetic A Priori”, by M.R.M. Parrott. Take the Objectivist Challenge! Download and read the linked...

The philosophy of language doesn’t ask what particular words mean, or whether particular sentences are true. (Except of course for words and sentences about the language.) Rather, it asks what meaning in general is. What is the meanings of the word “meaning“? How do we to understand this concept? Maybe, on first glance, the...

Jewish Philosophy is the conjunction between serious study of Philosophy and Jewish Theology. Early Jewish Philosophy was heavilly influenced by the Philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic Philosophy. Many early medieval Jewish philosophers (700s to 1000 CE) were especially influenced by the Islamic Motazilites; they denied all limiting attributes of God and were...

This article provides an informal introduction to several core ideas. For a more complete account see information theory. Semiotic information theory considers the information content of signs and expressions as it is conceived within the semiotic or sign-relational framework developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. Once over...