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Culture

How many students have relied on false_information from Pseudopedia? Is the fact that it’s a Wiki relevant to the question? “Pseudopedia”, “The Pseudopedia”, is an open-content information website, whose co-founder claims is the “sum of all human knowledge”, or at least, that it should become that sum. Since 2003, The...


Science

There are many definitions of complexity, therefore many natural, artificial and abstract objects or networks can be considered to be complex systems, and their study (complexity science) is highly interdisciplinary. Examples of complex systems include ant-hills, ants themselves, human economies, nervous systems, cells and living things,...


Biographies

John Locke (29 Aug 1632 - 28 Oct 1704) was an English physician and philosopher and a key Enlightenment influence. After Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes, Locke developed Empiricism as a strong response to Cartesian Dualism and Rationalism, and a new Contract Theory in response to the...


Technology

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language designed for creating web pages, that is, information presented on the World Wide Web. Defined as a simple “application” of SGML, which is used by organizations with complex publishing requirements, HTML was an Internet standard maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The...


Logic

Prescisive abstraction or prescision, variously spelled as precisive abstraction or prescission, is a formal operation that marks, selects, or singles out one feature of a concrete experience to the disregard of others. The above definition is adapted from the one given by Charles Sanders Peirce (CP 4.235, “The Simplest Mathematics” (1902), in Collected Papers, CP...


Biographies

David Hume (7 May 1711 - 25 Aug 1776) was a Scottish _philosopher, a key essayist in the Enlightenment, and most known for his subtle argument against “causality” using “induction”. Hume’s six-volume History of England (1754 - 1762) was very popular well into the nineteenth century. Influenced by the “empiricism” of John Locke, the “material idealism” of George...


Science

Systems Theory (or Theorie) or General Systems Theory or Systemics is an interdisciplinary field which studies systems as a whole. Systems Theory was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, William Ross Ashby and others between the 1940s and the 1970s on principles from Physics, Biology and Engineering and later grew with connections into...


Biographies

René Descartes (31 Mar 1596 - 11 Feb 1650), also known as Renatus Cartesius and dubbed “Father of Modern Philosophy”, was a French philosopher crucial to Western Philosophy in the fields of Metaphysics and Philosophy of Mind, and he was a key figure, with Francis Bacon and others, in the Scientific Revolution. Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1642) has...


Biographies

John Bordley Rawls (21 Feb 1921 - 24 Nov 2002), a Harvard University professor, was a leading American figure in Moral_Philosophy. Rawls’ A Theory of Justice (1971) is considered a primary text in political and ethical reasoning, and he earned a Schock Prize for Logic and Philosophy, and a National Humanities Medal presented by U.S. President Bill Clinton in 1999, recognizing...


Technology

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of real-time InternetInternet or synchronous conferencing. It is mainly designed for group (many-to-many) communication in discussion forums called channels, but also allows one-to-one communication and data transfers via IM (private message). IRC was created by Jarkko Oikarinen in late August 1988 to replace a program called MUT...


Culture

WikiSphere, like “Blogosphere” (or “BlogoSphere”), refers to the collection of all Wikis on the internet, and may be used in CamelCase form. GetWiki is a part of the WikiSphere, as is MeatballWiki, CommunityWiki, and many, many, many others. A number of WikiTerms are commonly used in the WikiSphere, just as in many subcultures. These terms have fairly obvious meanings -...


Biographies

Baruch Benedict de Spinoza (24 Nov 1632 - 21 Feb 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of a Portuguese Jewish family, whose controversial metaphysical ideas led to cherem (removal) against him from Jewish Society, and his works were banned by the Vatican. Despite his considerable scientific aptitude, the breadth and importance of Spinoza’s work was...


Mathematics

In mathematics, a binary relation (or a dyadic relation) is an arbitrary association of elements of one set with elements of another (perhaps the same) set. An example is the “divides” relation between the set of prime numbers P and the set of integers Z, in which every prime p is associated to every integer z that is a multiple of p. In this...


History of Philosophy

The Philosophy of the era now known as the Middle Ages (the period roughly extending from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance) is a widely varied period in the history of philosophical_thought. However, one defining feature which...


Topic Papers

All Rights Reserved © 2004 & 2007 M.R.M. ParrottThis article is updated from a version which appeared on rimric folio in 2004, and has been protected on GetWiki on behalf of the author, republished here with permission. All rights reserved. “Participating in a Wiki brings many of the same feelings of freedom as having one’s own website or participating in a...


Philosophical Studies

Philosophy of Mathematics is an active branch of Philosophy addressing questions about the character of Mathematics, the conduct of mathematical inquiry, and the role of mathematical objects in describing empirical phenomena. As a form of philosophical inquiry, it examines the record of mathematical inquiry and poses...


History of Philosophy

Islamic Philosophy is a part of the Islamic Studies, and forms a longstanding attempt to create...


Logic

For other uses, see Negation (disambiguation) In logic and mathematics, negation is an operation on logical values, for example, the logical value of a proposition, that sends true to false and false to true. Definition- Logical negation is an operation on one logical value, typically the value of a...


Mathematics

Other Languages : (中文 : 关系 (数学)) This article presents the generalized concept of a relation. For more basic presentations see the articles on binary relations and triadic relations. In mathematics, a finitary relation is defined by one of the formal definitions...


Information Theory

This article provides an informal introduction to several core ideas. For a more complete account see information theory. Semiotic information theory considers the information content of signs and expressions as it is conceived within the semiotic or sign-relational framework developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. Once over...


Information Theory

In semiotics, a sign relational complex is a generalization of a sign relation that allows for empty components in the elementary sign relations, or sign relational triples of the form (object, sign, interpretant). Generally speaking, when it comes to things that are being contemplated as ostensible or potential signs of other things, neither the existence nor the uniqueness of...


Philosophical Studies

The philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy which deals with the study of science (in the sense of “natural science”). The philosophy of science is closely related to epistemology. It seeks to explain such things as the nature of scientific statements, the way in which they are produced,...


Philosophical Studies

Philosophy of Religion is the study of the meaning and justification of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nature and existence of God (or gods, or the divine). Philosophy of religion was classically regarded as part of metaphysics, since Aristotle, in some of whose writings were...


Technology

A blog or weblog is a website of periodic posts in a common webspace. The individual posts share a particular theme and a single, or small group of, bloggers. The totality of web logs and blog-related webs is usually called the Blogosphere. The format of web...


Technology

__NOTOC__ Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), or simply XTML, is an SGML markup language that has the same expressive possibilites as HTML, but conforms to the XML standard which is more strict. XHTML has been recommended...

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