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{{Short description|24th letter of the Latin alphabet}}{{About|the letter|other uses}}{{Hatnote group|{{Technical reasons|:X|the keyboard symbol|List of emoticons}}{{Technical reasons|X#|the programming language|XSharp}}}}{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2022}}

factoids

][{{IPAlinkħ}}][{{IPAlinkks}}][{{IPAlinkɕ}}][{{IPAlinkʒ}}][{{IPAlinkʔ}}][{{IPAlinkgʒ}}]as in the English Language word (wikt:luxurious>luxurious)[{{IPAlinkk}}{{IPAlinkd͡z}}][{{IPAlinkt͡s}}][{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}][{{IPAlink|sʲ}}][{{IPAlink|z}}][{{IPAlink|g}}{{IPAlink|z}}]{{IPAblink|∅}}{{IPAc-en|ɛ|k|s}}|unicode=U+0058, U+0078|alphanumber=24|number=𓊽)𐤎)|usageperiod=~-700 to present|children={{bull}}×{{bull}}⨘{{bull}}⨉{{bull}}⨯{{bull}}✗{{bull}}☒{{bull}}ꭓ{{bull}}X̧|sisters=Х𐍇Ⴕ ქႿ ჯ|equivalents= List of Latin-script digraphs#X>x(x)|direction=Left-to-Right𐤎)Xi (letter)>𐊑Chi (letter)>𐊐𐌗>𐊐}}{{Latin letter info|x}}X, or x, is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is (Wikt:ex#English|ex) (pronounced {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|k|s}}), plural exes."X", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "ex", op. cit.

History{| class"wikitable"

! Western GreekChi! EtruscanX! LatinX style="background-color:white; text-align:center;"Image:Greek Chi normal.svg>45pxImage:EtruscanX-01.svg>25pxx30px)The letter {{angbr|X}}, representing {{IPA|/ks/}}, was inherited from the Etruscan alphabet. It perhaps originated in the {{angbr|Χ}} of the Euboean alphabet or another Western Greek alphabet, which also represented {{IPA|/ks/}}. Its relationship with the {{angbr|Χ}} of the Eastern Greek alphabets, which represented {{IPA|/kʰ/}}, is uncertain.The pronunciation of {{IPA|/ks/}} in the Romance languages underwent sound changes, with various outcomes:

• French: {{IPA|/js/}} (e.g. laisser from laxare)
• Italian: {{IPA|/ss/}} (e.g. asse from axem) and, in some cases, {{IPA|/ʃʃ/}} (e.g. lasciare from laxare)
• Portuguese: {{IPA|/jʃ/}} (e.g. eixo from axem)
• Romanian: {{IPA|/ps/}} (e.g. coapsă from coxa) and {{IPA|/s/}} (e.g. lăsa from laxare)
• Old Spanish: {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
  • Spanish: {{IPA|/x/}} (e.g. cuja from coxa)

In Old Spanish, {{angbr|x}} thus came to represent {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, which it still represents in most Iberian languages and in the orthographies of other languages influenced by Spanish, such as Nahuatl. In French (with a few exceptions), Italian, Romanian, and modern Spanish, {{angbr|x}} was replaced by other letters.The use of {{angbr|x}} to represent {{IPA|/ks/}} was reintroduced to the Romance languages via Latin loanwords. In many words this {{IPA|/ks/}} was voiced to {{IPA|/gz/}}.

Use in writing systems {| class"wikitable mw-collapsible"|+Pronunciation summary

! colspan="5" | Languages in italics are not usually written using the Latin alphabet!Language!Dialect(s)!Pronunciation (IPA)!Environment!Notes! rowspan="3" |Asturian! rowspan="2" |Some central dialectsʃ}}i}} and usually {{angbr|u}}|/sj/}} ~ {{IPA|/ʃj/}} ||!Standard and other dialectsʃ}}||! colspan="2" |Afarɖ}}||! colspan="2" |Albaniandz}}|xh}} represents {{IPAslink|dʒ}}! colspan="2" |Azerix}}||! colspan="2" |Basqueʃ}}|tx}} represents {{IPAslink|tʃ}}! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Catalanʃ}}|Usually (word-initially, after consonants, i, au, eu, in some surnames such as Rexach)|/gz/}}||/ks/}}||!Mandarin Chinese!Standardɕ}}||Pinyin romanization! colspan="2" |Couɨ}} ~ {{IPAslink|ʉ}}|x}} used as a vowel.! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Dutch/ks/}}|Usually|Mainly used in loanwordss}}|In Texel|! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |English/ks/}}|Usually; before an unstressed vowelYod-coalescence leads to {{IPA>/kʃ/}}/gz/}}|Before a stressed vowelYod-coalescence leads to {{IPA>/gʒ/}}z}}|Word-initially|h}}|Don Quixote, Oaxaca, words derived from Classical Nahuatl/Nahuatl|! colspan="2" |Esperanto|in digraphs only as a substitute for a diacritic|cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux are used as substitutes for ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ where these characters are not available.|See X-convention! colspan="2" rowspan="5" |French/ks/}}Aix (disambiguation)#France>Aix- (prefix or name of several places)|/gz/}}|Mainly in the prefix ex- followed by a vowel; sometimes word-initially||Silent|Word-finally with no liaison|z}}Liaison (French)>liaison; in sixième (6th) and dixième (10th)|s}}|In six (6), dix (10), Auxerre, and Bruxelles (Brussels)|! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Galicianʃ}}|Usually|/(k)s/}}|Some words|In learned loanwords! colspan="2" |German/ks/}}||Mainly used in loanwords! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Indonesians}}|In the beginning of a wordMainly used in loanwords for science/ks/}}|In the middle or the end of a word, although words borrowed with the letter x in the middle or the end of a word are always replaced by the letters 'ks'. For example, the word 'maximum' and 'climax' in Indonesian would be 'maksimal' and 'klimaks'. Letter x on the middle or the end of a word only occurs in names.! colspan="2" |Italian/ks/}}||Mainly used in learned loanwords! colspan="2" |Kurdishx}}||! colspan="2" |Laoɕ}}||Romanization! colspan="2" |Leoneseʃ}}||! colspan="2" |Ligurianʒ}}||! colspan="2" |Malteseʃ}}||! colspan="2" |Mayanʃ}}||Modern Romanization! colspan="2" |Nahuatlʃ}}||! colspan="2" |Nguniǁ}}||! colspan="2" |Norwegian/ks/}}||Archaic! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |Occitant͡s}}|Usually|s}}|Before consonants|/ɡz/}}|In the prefix ex- before vowelsProvençal dialect>Provençal, Limousin, Auvergnat, Vivaro-Alpine, and Niçard dialects/ɡʒ/}}i}} and {{angbr|u}}|In the Auvergnat dialect! colspan="2" |Oromotʼ}}||! colspan="2" |Pirahãʔ}}||! colspan="2" |Polish/ks ~ gz/}}||! colspan="2" rowspan="5" |Portugueseʃ}}Tupi language>Tupi|/ks/}}|Some words|Mainly in learned loanwordss}}e}} and a consonant; some words|z}}|In the prefix ex- ("ex-") before a vowel|/gz/}}prefix hexa- ("Numeral prefix>hexa-")|! colspan="2" |Sardinianʒ}}||! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Sicilianʃ}}|Old Sicilian words and namesBettino Craxi>Craxi, Joppolo Giancaxio/k(ə)s(ə)/}}|Loanwords! colspan="2" |Somaliħ}}||! colspan="2" rowspan="5" |Spanish/(k)s/}}|Usually|s}}|Word-initially|ʃ}}In some names and words|t͡ʃ}}|x}}|! colspan="2" |Swedish/ks/}}||! colspan="2" |Uzbekχ}}||! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Venetianz}}|Usually|s}}|In Venexia "Venice"|! colspan="2" |Vietnameses}}||

English

In English orthography, {{angbr|x}} is typically pronounced as the voiceless consonant cluster {{IPAc-en|k|s}} when it follows the stressed vowel (e.g. ox), and the voiced consonant {{IPAc-en|ɡ|z}} when it precedes the stressed vowel (e.g. exam). It is also pronounced {{IPAc-en|ɡ|z}} when it precedes a silent {{angbr|h}} and a stressed vowel (e.g. exhaust).BOOK, Richard, Venezky, The Structure of English Orthography,weblink 1 January 1970, The Hague, Walter de Gruyter, 978-3-11-080447-8, 40, 29 October 2016, 27 April 2017,weblink live, Due to yod-coalescence, the sequence {{angbr|xi}} before a vowel can be pronounced {{IPAc-en|k|ʃ}} resulting from earlier {{IPAc-en|k|s|j}}, e.g. in -xion(-), -xious(-). Similarly, the sequence {{angbr|xu}} can be pronounced with {{IPAc-en|k|ʃ}} (e.g. flexure, sexual) or {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ʒ}} (in luxury and its derivatives)Due to NG-coalescence, the sequence {{angbr|nx}} can be pronounced {{IPAc-en|ŋ|z}} in anxiety.When {{angbr|x}} ends a word, it is always {{IPAc-en|k|s}} (e.g. fax), except in loan words such as faux (see French, below).There are very few English words that start with {{angbr|x}} (the fewest of any letter). When {{angbr|x}} does start a word, it is usually pronounced 'z' (e.g. xylophone, xanthan). When starting in some names or as its own representation it is pronounced 'eks', in rare recent loanwords or foreign proper names, it can also be pronounced {{IPAc-en|s}} (e.g. the obsolete Vietnamese monetary unit (wiktionary:xu|xu)) or {{IPAc-en|ʃ}} (e.g. Chinese names starting with Xi like Xiaomi or Xinjiang). Many of the words that start with {{angbr|x}} are of Greek origin, or standardized trademarks (Xerox) or acronyms (XC).In abbreviations, it can represent "trans-" (e.g. XMIT for transmit, XFER for transfer), "cross-" (e.g. X-ing for crossing, XREF for cross-reference), "Christ-" (e.g. Xmas for Christmas, Xian for Christian), the "crys-" in crystal (XTAL), "by" (SXSW for South by Southwest) or various words starting with "ex-" (e.g. XL for extra large, XOR for exclusive-or, or the extinction symbol).X is the third least frequently used letter in English (after {{angbr|q}} and {{angbr|z}}), with a frequency of about 0.15% in words.WEB, Mička, Pavel, Letter frequency (English),weblink Algoritmy.net, 9 February 2014, 4 March 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20210304152631weblink">weblink live,

Other languages

In Latin, {{angbr|x}} stood for {{IPA|[ks]}}. In some languages, as a result of assorted phonetic changes, handwriting adaptations or simply spelling convention, {{angbr|x}} has other pronunciations:

• In Basque, {{angbr|x}} represents {{IPA|[ʃ]}}. Additionally there is the digraph {{angbr|tx}} {{IPA|[tʃ]}}.
• In Dutch, {{angbr|x}} usually represents {{IPA|[ks]}}, except in the name of the island of Texel, which is pronounced Tessel. This is because of historical sound-changes in Dutch, where all {{IPA|/ks/}} sounds have been replaced by {{IPA|/s/}} sounds. Words with an {{angbr|x}} in the Dutch language are nowadays usually loanwords. In the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, family names with {{angbr|x}} are not uncommon (e.g. Dierckx, Hendrickx, Koninckx, Sterckx, Vranckx).
• In Norwegian, {{angbr|x}} is generally pronounced {{IPA|[ks]}}, but since the 19th century, there has been a tendency to spell it out as {{angbr|ks}}; it may still be retained in personal names, though it is fairly rare, and occurs mostly in foreign words and SMS language. Usage in Danish and Finnish is similar (while Swedish, on the other hand, makes frequent use of {{angbr|x}} in native words as well as in loanwords).
• In German, generally pronounced {{IPA|[ks]}}; in native words, however, such as Ochs or wachsen, the cluster {{IPA|[ks]}} is often written {{angbr|chs}}.
• , silent (or {{IPA|[z]}} in liaison if the next word starts with a vowel). Three exceptions are pronounced {{IPA|[s]}}: six ("six"), dix ("ten") and in some city names such as Bruxelles (although some people pronounce it 'ks') or Auxerre; it is fully pronounced {{IPA|[ks]}} in Aix, the name of several towns. It is pronounced {{IPA|[z]}} in sixième and dixième. Otherwise {{IPA|[ks]}} or (primarily in words beginning with ex- followed by a vowel) {{IPA|[É¡z]}}.
• In Italian, {{angbr|x}} is either pronounced {{IPA|[ks]}}, as in extra, uxorio, xilofono,WEB,weblink Dizionario di ortografia e pronunzia, Dictionary of Spelling and Pronunciation, it, Dizionario di ortografia e pronunzia, 9 February 2014, 16 April 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180416110248weblink">weblink live, or {{IPA|[É¡z]}}, as exogamia, when it is preceded by {{angbr|e}} and followed by a vowel. In several related languages, notably Venetian, it represents the voiced sibilant {{IPA|[z]}}. It is also used, mainly amongst the young people, as a short written form for "per", meaning "for": for example, "x sempre" ("forever"). This is because in Italian the multiplication sign (similar to {{angbr|x}}) is called "per". However, {{angbr|x}} is found only in loanwords, as it is not part of the standard Italian alphabet; in most words with {{angbr|x}}, this letter may be replaced with 's' or 'ss' (with different pronunciation: xilofono/silofono, taxi/tassì) or, rarely, by 'cs' (with the same pronunciation: claxon/(:it:clacson|clacson)).
• In Old Spanish, {{angbr|x}} was pronounced {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, as it is still currently in other Iberian Romance languages. Later, the sound evolved to a hard {{IPA|[x]}} sound. In modern Spanish, due to a spelling reform, whenever {{angbr|x}} is used for the {{IPA|[x]}} sound it has been replaced with {{angbr|j}}, including in words that originally had {{angbr|x}} such as ejemplo or ejercicio, though {{angbr|x}} is still retained for some names (notably 'México', even though 'Méjico' may sometimes be used in Spain). Presently, {{angbr|x}} represents the sound {{IPA|[s]}} (word-initially), or the consonant cluster {{IPA|[ks]}} (e.g. oxígeno, examen). Rarely, it can be pronounced {{IPA|[ʃ]}} as in Old Spanish in some proper nouns such as 'Raxel' (a variant of Rachel) and Uxmal.
• In Galician and Leonese, {{angbr|x}} is pronounced {{IPA|[ʃ]}} in most cases (often used in place of etymological g or j). The pronunciation {{IPA|[ks]}} occurs in learned words, such as taxativo (taxing). However, Galician speakers tend to pronounce it {{IPA|[s]}}, especially when it appears before plosives, such as in externo (external).
• In Catalan, {{angbr|x}} has three sounds; the most common is {{IPA|[ʃ]}}; as in 'xarop' (syrup). Other sounds are: {{IPA|[ks]}}; 'fixar' (to fix), {{IPA|[É¡z]}}; 'examen'. In addition, {{IPA|[ʃ]}} gets voiced to {{IPA|[Ê’]}} before voiced consonants; 'caixmir'. Catalan also has the digraph {{angbr|tx}}, pronounced {{IPA|[tʃ]}}.
• In Portuguese, {{angbr|x}} has four main sounds; the most common is {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, as in 'xícara' (cup). The other sounds are: {{IPA|[ks]}} as in 'flexão' (flexion); {{IPA|[s]}}, when preceded by E and followed by a consonant, as in 'contexto' ({{IPA|[ʃ]}} in European Portuguese), and in a small number of other words, such as 'próximo' (close/next); and (the rarest) {{IPA|[z]}}, which occurs in the prefix 'ex-' before a vowel, as in 'exagerado' (exaggerated). A rare fifth sound is {{IPA|[É¡z]}}, coexisting with {{IPA|[z]}} and {{IPA|[ks]}} as acceptable pronunciations in exantema and in words with the Greek prefix 'hexa-'.
• In Sardinian and Ligurian, X represents {{IPA|[Ê’]}}.
• In Venetian, it represents the voiced alveolar sibilant {{IPA|[z]}} much like in Portuguese 'exagerado', English 'xylophone' or in the French 'sixième'. Examples from medieval texts include raxon (reason), prexon (prison), dexerto (desert), chaxa or caxa (home). Nowadays, the best-known word is xe (is/are). The most notable exception to this rule is the name Venexia {{IPA|[veˈnÉ›sja]}} in which {{angbr|x}} has evolved from the initial voiced sibilant {{IPA|[z]}} to the present day voiceless sibilant.
• In Albanian, {{angbr|x}} represents {{IPA|[dz]}}, while the digraph {{angbr|xh}} represents {{IPA|[dÊ’]}}.
• In Maltese, {{angbr|x}} is pronounced {{IPA|[ʃ]}} or, in some cases, {{IPA|[Ê’]}} (only in loanwords such as 'televixin', and not for all speakers).
• In Polish, {{angbr|x}} was used prior to 19th century both in loanwords and native words and was pronounced {{IPA|[ks]}} or {{IPA|[É¡z]}}, e.g. xiążę, xiÄ™stwo (now książę, ksiÄ™stwo). Later was replaced by {{angbr|ks}} and {{angbr|gz}} in almost all words and remained only in a few loanwords as 'xenia' (xenien), surnames as Axentowicz, Jaxa, Koxowski, Mixtacki, Rexemowski, Xiężopolski, names as Xawery, Xymena and abbreviations.

Additionally, in languages for which the Latin alphabet has been adapted only recently, {{angbr|x}} has been used for various sounds, in some cases inspired by European usage, but in others, for consonants uncommon in Europe. For these no Latin letter stands out as an obvious choice, and since most of the various European pronunciations of {{angbr|x}} can be written by other means, the letter becomes available for more unusual sounds.

• {{angbr|x}} represents {{IPA|[x]}} (voiceless velar fricative) in e.g. Azerbaijani, Kurdish (Hawar alphabet), Georgian (when Latinized), Lojban, Pashto (when Latinized), Tatar (Jaêž‘alif, Zamanälif, official romanization of 2012), Uzbek, and Uyghur (Latin script).
• Esperanto: The x-convention replaces {{angbr|ĉ}}, {{angbr|ĝ}}, {{angbr|Ä¥}}, {{angbr|ĵ}}, {{angbr|ŝ}}, and {{angbr|Å­}} with x-suffixes: {{angbr|cx}}, {{angbr|gx}}, {{angbr|hx}}, {{angbr|jx}}, {{angbr|sx}}, and {{angbr|ux}}.
• In transliteration of Indian languages, primarily Indo-Aryan languages, {{angbr|x}} represents the consonant cluster {{IPA|[kʃ]}} in alternate spellings of words containing 'क्ष' (ká¹£), especially names such as Laxmi and Dixit. Less frequently, {{angbr|x}} is used to represent 'ख़' {{IPA|[x]}}.
• In Apache {{angbr|x}} represents {{IPA|[x]}}
• In Nahuatl, {{angbr|x}} represents {{IPA|[ʃ]}}.
• In Nguni languages, {{angbr|x}} represents the alveolar lateral click {{IPA|[ǁ]}}.
• In Pirahã, {{angbr|x}} symbolizes the glottal stop {{IPA|[Ê”]}}.
• An illustrating example of "x" as a "leftover" letter is differing usage in three different Cushitic languages:
  • Afar: voiced alveolar implosive {{IPA|[É—]}}
  • Oromo: alveolar ejective {{IPA|[tʼ]}}
  • Somali: voiceless pharyngeal fricative {{IPA|[ħ]}}
• In East and Southeast Asia:
  • In Lao, based on romanization of Lao consonants, {{angbr|x}} may represent {{IPA|[É•]}}, e.g. in Lan Xang.
  • In Vietnamese, {{angbr|x}} is pronounced like English {{angbr|s}} (at the beginning of a word, e.g. "sing"). This sound was {{IPA|[É•]}} in Middle Vietnamese, resembling the Portuguese sound {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, spelled {{angbr|x}}.
  • In Hanyu Pinyin, Standard Chinese's official transcription system in China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan, the letter {{angbr|x}} represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative {{IPA|/É•/}}, for instance in 'Xi', {{IPA|[É•i]}}.

Other systems

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, {{angbr IPA|x}} represents a voiceless velar fricative.

Other uses

• The Roman numeral X represents the number 10.BOOK, Gordon, Arthur E.,weblink registration, roman numerals., Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy, University of California Press, 1983, 3 October 2015, 44, 9780520038981, BOOK, King, David A.,weblink The Ciphers of the Monks, 2001, 282, Franz Steiner Verlag, 9783515076401, In the course of time, I, V and X became identical with three letters of the alphabet; originally, however, they bore no relation to these letters., 2020-11-22, 2021-01-04,weblink live,
• In mathematics, x is commonly used as the name for an independent variable or unknown value. The modern tradition of using x, y and z to represent an unknown (incognita) was introduced by René Descartes in La Géométrie (1637).BOOK,weblink A History of Mathematical Notations, Florian, Cajori, Open Court Publishing, 1928, Chicago, 381, 9780486161167, 2020-11-22, 2021-04-13,weblink live, See History of algebra. As a result of its use in algebra, X is often used to represent unknowns in other circumstances (e.g. X-rays, Generation X, The X-Files, and The Man from Planet X; see also Malcolm X).
• On some identification documents, the letter X represents a non-binary gender, where F means female and M means male.JOURNAL, Ingrid, Holme, Hearing People's Own Stories, Science as Culture, 17, 3, 341–344, 10.1080/09505430802280784, 2008, 143528047, WEB,weblink New Zealand Passports - Information about Changing Sex / Gender Identity, 6 October 2014, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140923055123weblink">weblink 23 September 2014,
• In the Cartesian coordinate system, x is used to refer to the horizontal axis.
• It is also sometimes used as a typographic approximation for the multiplication sign, {{char|×}}. In mathematical typesetting, x meaning an algebraic variable is normally in italic type (x!), partly to avoid confusion with the multiplication symbol. In fonts containing both x (the letter) and × (the multiplication sign), the two glyphs are dissimilar.
• It can be used as an abbreviation for 'between' in the context of historical dating; e.g., '1483 x 1485'.
• Maps and other images sometimes use an X to label a specific location, leading to the expression "X marks the spot".WEB,weblink X marks the spot, 21 June 2016, 4 June 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160604015834weblink">weblink live,
• In art or fashion, the use of X indicates a collaboration by two or more artists, e.g. Aaron Koblin x Takashi Kawashima. This application, which originated in Japan, now extends to other kinds of collaboration outside the art world.WEB,weblink X: Mark of Collaboration - Issue No. 0053X - Arkitip, Inc., arkitip.com, 2016-03-22, 2016-05-17,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160517184918weblink">weblink live, This usage mimics the use of a similar mark in denoting botanical hybrids, for which scientifically the multiplication × is used, but informally a lowercase "x" is also used.
• {{Anchor|Kiss}}At the end of a letter or other correspondence, 'x' can mean a kiss;NEWS, Epstein, Nadine, 2020-10-07, A whole lot of history behind 'x' and 'o', kiss and hug,weblink live, 2021-03-12, The Washington Post, 2018-04-01,weblink the earliest example of this usage cited by the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1878."X, n." OED Online (Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2022), §6. Accessed 11 November 2022.
• An X rating denotes media such as movies that are intended for adults only.
• In the Korean language, a series of Xs is used as a visual bleep censor for subtitles and captions, serving the same role as an asterisk ().WEB, '찐따', 'X랄하다'...욕도 전통을 가진다?,weblink 2023-08-22, www.goeonair.com, ko, BOOK, 참바다,weblink 시사칼럼 우리 시대의 상징과 은유, 2021-01-15, e퍼플, 979-11-6569-712-9, ko,
• In the C programming language, "x" preceded by zero (as in 0x or 0X) is used to denote hexadecimal literal values.
• X is commonly used as a prefix term in nouns related to the X Window System and Unix.

Related characters

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

• X with diacritics: Ẍ ẍ Ẋ ẋ XÌ‚ xÌ‚ ᶍWEB,weblink L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS, 2004-04-19, Peter, Constable, 2018-03-24, 2017-10-11,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171011014355weblink">weblink live,
• IPA-specific symbols related to X: {{IPA link|χ}}
• Teuthonista phonetic transcription-specific symbols related to X:WEB,weblink L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS, 2011-06-02, Michael, Everson, Alois, Dicklberger, Karl, Pentzlin, Eveline, Wandl-Vogt, 2018-03-24, 2017-10-11,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171011012426weblink">weblink live,
  • {{Unichar|AB56|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LOW RIGHT RING}}
  • {{Unichar|AB57|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG}}
  • {{Unichar|AB58|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG AND LOW RIGHT RING}}
  • {{Unichar|AB59|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG WITH SERIF}}
• Ë£ : Modifier letter small x is used for phonetic transcription
• â‚“ : Subscript small x is used in Indo-European studiesWEB,weblink L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS, 2004-06-07, Deborah, Anderson, Michael, Everson, 2018-03-24, 2017-10-11,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171011014402weblink">weblink live,

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

• Χ χ : Greek letter Chi, from which the following derive:
  • êž³ ê­“ : Latin chi
  • Ð¥ Ñ… : Cyrillic letter Kha
  • {{Script|Copt|Ⲭ â²­}} : Coptic letter Khe, which derives from Greek Chi
  • {{Script|Goth|𐍇}} : Gothic letter enguz, which derives from Greek Chi
  • 𐌗 : Old Italic X, which derives from Greek Chi, and is the ancestor of modern Latin X
    • {{Script|Runr|áš·}} : Runic letter Gyfu, which may derive from old Italic X
• Ξ ξ : Greek letter Xi, which was used in place of Chi in the Eastern (and the modern) Greek alphabets

Other representations

Computing

{{charmap 0078 FF58 name2 = Latin Small Letter X name4 = FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER XEBCDIC family > map1char1 = E7 | map1char2 = A7ASCII 1 > map2char1 = 58 | map2char2 = 78}}

Other

{{Letter other reps|NATO=Xray|Morse=–··–|Character=X|Braille=⠭|fingerspelling=X}}{{clear}}

See also

• X mark

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Commons-inline|X}}
• {{Wiktionary-inline|X}}
• {{Wiktionary-inline|x}}
• AMCYC, X, x,

{{Latin alphabet|X|}}{{Authority control}}