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The area of software engineering specializes in storage, transfer and communication of data rather than the computational analysis of data. Although many computer scientists seek software engineering positions it is not necessarily computer science related. In 2004, a newly established degree of
was written to explain the details. In addition those with degrees in
are often found to be necessary supportive roles for both software engineering and computational work.
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Relationship with other fields
Despite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the study of computers themselves. Because of this, several alternative names have been proposed. Certain departments of major universities prefer the term
computing science, to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist
Peter Naur suggested the term
datalogy, to reflect the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, while not necessarily involving computers. The first scientific institution to use the term was the Department of Datalogy at the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1969, with Peter Naur being the first professor in datalogy. The term is used mainly in the Scandinavian countries. Also, in the early days of computing, a number of terms for the practitioners of the field of computing were suggested in the
Communications of the ACM –
turingineer,
turologist,
flow-charts-man,
applied meta-mathematician, and
applied epistemologist.
(22) Three months later in the same journal,
comptologist was suggested, followed next year by
hypologist.
(23) The term
computics has also been suggested.
(24) In continental Europe, names such as
informatique (French),
Informatik (German) or
informatica (Dutch), derived from information and possibly mathematics or automatic, are more common than names derived from computer/computation.The renowned computer scientist
Edsger Dijkstra stated, "Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes." The design and deployment of computers and computer systems is generally considered the province of disciplines other than computer science. For example, the study of
computer hardware is usually considered part of
computer engineering, while the study of commercial
computer systems and their deployment is often called
information technology or
information systems. However, there has been much cross-fertilization of ideas between the various computer-related disciplines. Computer science research has also often crossed into other disciplines, such as
philosophy,
cognitive science,
linguistics,
mathematics,
physics,
statistics, and
economics.Computer science is considered by some to have a much closer relationship with
mathematics than many scientific disciplines, with some observers saying that computing is a mathematical science.
(25)The academic, political, and funding aspects of computer science tend to depend on whether a department formed with a mathematical emphasis or with an engineering emphasis. Computer science departments with a mathematics emphasis and with a numerical orientation consider alignment
computational science. Both types of departments tend to make efforts to bridge the field educationally if not across all research.
Computer science education
Some universities teach computer science as a theoretical study of computation and algorithmic reasoning. These programs often feature the
theory of computation,
analysis of algorithms,
formal methods,
concurrency theory,
databases,
computer graphics and
systems analysis, among others. They typically also teach
computer programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer science rather than a central focus of high-level study.Other colleges and universities, as well as
secondary schools and vocational programs that teach computer science, emphasize the practice of advanced programming rather than the theory of algorithms and computation in their computer science curricula. Such curricula tend to focus on those skills that are important to workers entering the software industry. The practical aspects of computer programming are often referred to as
software engineering. However, there is a lot of
disagreement over the meaning of the term, and whether or not it is the same thing as programming.
See also
{{Wikipedia-Books|Computer science}}
References
{{clear}}
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["Computer science is the study of information" New Jersey Institute of Technology, Gutenberg Information Technologies]
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["Computer science is the study of computation." Computer Science Department, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University]
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["Computer Science is the study of all aspects of computer systems, from the theoretical foundations to the very practical aspects of managing large software projects." Massey University]
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[JOURNAL, Denning, P.J., Peter J. Denning, 2000, Computer Science: The Discipline,weblink Encyclopedia of Computer Science, PDF, ]
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["Common myths and preconceptions about Cambridge Computer Science" Computer Science Department, University of Cambridge]
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[WEB, Nigel Tout, Calculator Timeline,weblink Vintage Calculator Web Museum, 2006, 2006-09-18, ]
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[WEB,weblink Science Museum - Introduction to Babbage, 2006-09-24, ]
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[WEB,weblink A Selection and Adaptation From Ada's Notes found in "Ada, The Enchantress of Numbers," by Betty Alexandra Toole Ed.D. Strawberry Press, Mill Valley, CA, 2006-05-04, ]
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[WEB,weblink IBM Punch Cards in the U.S. Army, 2006-09-24, ]
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[The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) was founded in 1947.]
-
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[Computer science pioneer Samuel D. Conte dies at 85 July 1, 2002]
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[BOOK, Steven Levy, Levy, Steven, (Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution), 1984, 0-385-19195-2, Doubleday, ]
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[weblink]
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[PAPER, Constable, R.L., March 2000,weblink Computer Science: Achievements and Challenges circa 2000, PDF, ]
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[David Kahn, The Codebreakers, 1967, ISBN 0-684-83130-9.]
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[Black box traders are on the march The Telegraph, August 26, 2006]
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[WEB, Computing Sciences Accreditation Board, Computer Science as a Profession,weblink 28 May 1997, 2008-09-01, ]
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[BOOK, Committee on the Fundamentals of Computer Science: Challenges and Opportunities, National Research Council, Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field,weblink National Academies Press, 978-0-309-09301-9, 2004, ]
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[Computer Sciences Accreditation Board]
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[Clay Mathematics Institute P=NP]
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[Communications of the ACM 1(4):p.6]
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[Communications of the ACM 2(1):p.4]
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[IEEE Computer 28(12):p.136]
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[JOURNAL, Parnas, David L., David Parnas, 1998, Software Engineering Programmes are not Computer Science Programmes, Annals of Software Engineering, 6, 19–37, 10.1023/A:1018949113292, , p. 19: "Rather than treat software engineering as a subfield of computer science, I treat it as an element of the set, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, .."]
Further reading
External links
{{wikiversity | Portal:Computer Science}}
Webcasts
{{Computer_Science}}
Rekenaarwetenskapየኮምፒውተር፡ጥናትعلم الحاسوبকম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান(zh-min-nan:Tiān-náu kho-ha̍k)
InformatikaInformàticaInformatika (počítačová věda)DatalogiInformatikInformaatikaΕπιστήμη υπολογιστώνCiencias de la computaciónKomputadoInformatikaعلوم رایانهTeldufrøðiInformatiqueYnformatikaRíomheolaíochtSheanse co-earrooaghInformática컴퓨터 과학Ինֆորմատիկաसंगणक विज्ञानRačunarstvoIlmu komputerInformaticaᑐᓴᐅᒪᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔩᑦ/tusaumaqattautijjutinik aulattijiitTölvunarfræðiInformaticaמדעי המחשבಗಣಕ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನსაინფორმაციო მეცნიერებაInformaticaDatorzinātneKompiuterių mokslasSzámítástechnikaИнформатикаInformatikaകമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ ശാസ്ത്രംSains komputerInformatica(nds-nl:Infermatika)
計算機科学InformatikkInformaticaInformatykaCiência da computaçãoInformaticăИнформатикаShkenca kompjuterikeComputer scienceVeda o počítačochRačunalništvoРачунарствоTietojenkäsittelytiedeDatavetenskapAgham pangkompyuterகணினியியல்Санак белемеวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์Bilişim bilimiInformatikaІнформатикаبیلگیسايار مۈھەندیسلیغیKhoa học máy tínhXam-xamu nosukaayInformatics (Ifitonileti)(zh-yue:電算)(bat-smg:Infuormatėka)
计算机科学
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