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The Bohemian Girl
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- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{Short description|1843 Irish romantic opera}}{{other uses}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Performance history
The opera was first produced in London at the Drury Lane Theatre on 27 November 1843. The production ran for more than 100 nights and enjoyed many revivals worldwide including: New York City (25 November 1844), Dublin (1844) and Philadelphia (1844).Loewenberg, columns 832-833. Loewenberg's listing of a production in Madrid on 9 April 1845 in an Italian translation by R. Paderni is evidently incorrect. No such performance can be traced, and D'Erme (see Sources) demonstrates that Roberto Paderni's Italian version was created for the Trieste production on 12 February 1854.Several versions in different languages were also staged during Balfe's lifetime. The German version, Die Zigeunerin, premiered in Vienna in 1846, the Italian adaptation and translation, titled La zingara, was originally staged in Trieste in 1854, and finally a four-act French version, La Bohémienne, was mounted in Rouen in 1862, conducted by composer Jules Massenet, then aged only 20, and with the celebrated mezzo-soprano Célestine Galli-Marié in the role of the Gypsy Queen. If Die Zigeunerin enjoyed fairly widespread circulation in the countries of German language or culture, La zingara was often revived also in English-speaking cities, such as London, Dublin, New York, Boston and San Francisco."Michael William Balfe" on britishandirishworld.com with detailed account of Balfe's life and work The very successful 1858 run of La zingara at Her Majesty's Theatre in London, for which Balfe was rewarded with an extra cheque for fifty pounds, starred Marietta Piccolomini, Marietta Alboni and Antonio Giuglini.Barrett, p. 229The opera "remained in the repertories of British touring companies until the 1930s and was revived in 1932 at Sadler's Wells".Burton, p. 522 Since World War II, it has been staged in a production by Dennis Arundell at Covent Garden in 1951 with Beecham conducting and a cast consisting of Roberta Peters, Anthony Marlowe, Jess Walters, Edith Coates, Howell Glynne and Murray Dickie,Harold Rosenthal. Covent Garden - The Bohemian Girl (August 15). Opera, October 1951, Vol.2 No.10, p598-600. by the Belfast Operatic Society at the 1978 Waterford International Festival of Light Opera, in Ireland,Actor Emer Gillespie on ulsteractors.com by Castleward Opera, Strangford, in Northern Ireland in 2006 and by Opera South, Haslemere, in England in 2008.Opera South shows on operasouth.co.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202223744weblink |date=2008-12-02 }}Roles
(File:Score cover for 'La Bohémienne' by Balfe 1869 - britishandirishworld com.jpg|thumb|200px|right|{{center|Title page of a French printed score (1869)}}){| class="wikitable"!Role!Voice type!Premiere cast, 27 November 1843Bunn, p. 2(Conductor: Michael William Balfe )Synopsis
Act 1
A Polish noble, Thaddeus, in exile in Austria, joins a band of gypsies. He saves Arline, the infant daughter of Count Arnheim, from being killed by a deer. The count, in gratitude, invites him to a banquet, where Thaddeus refuses to toast a statue of the Austrian Emperor, instead splashing it with wine, and escapes from his enraged host with the help of his gypsy friend Devilshoof, who kidnaps Arline.Act 2
Twelve years have elapsed. Arline can only vaguely remember her noble upbringing. She and Thaddeus are sweethearts, but the Gypsy Queen is also in love with him. Arnheim's nephew Florestein falls in love with Arline (not recognising her), but the Queen plants a medallion stolen from Florestein on Arline. Florestein recognises the medallion and has her arrested. She is tried before the Count who recognises the scar left on her arm from the deer attack.Act 3
Arline is at a ball in her father's castle, where she feels nostalgic for her Romany upbringing and for her true love. Thaddeus breaks into the castle through a window and pleads for her hand. He eventually wins the trust of the count whom he insulted twelve years ago, and the Count gives them his blessing. The Gypsy Queen stalks Thaddeus to the castle and tries to break in through the same window to kill Arline with a musket and kidnap Thaddeus. Before she can execute her plan, however, Devilshoof tries to wrest the weapon from her hands and she is accidentally killed in the scuffle.Musical numbers
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}Overture (one in A major for the 1843 production, and a completely different one in C major for the 1867 Paris production conducted by Jules Pasdeloup)Act 1
1. "Up with the Banner, and Down with the Slave"
2. "'Tis Sad to Leave Our Fatherland"
3. "In the Gypsy's Life"
4. "Is No Succour Near at Hand?"
5. "Down with the Daring Slave"
6. "What Sound Breaks on the Ear?"
7. "Follow, Follow"
Act 2
8. "Silence, Silence"
9. "Wine, Wine!"
10. "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls"
11. "The Secret of Her Birth"
{{col-break}}
12. "Happy and Light of Heart Are Those"
13. "'Tis Gone, the Past Was All a Dream"
14. "Come with the Gipsy Bride"
15. "Life Itself Is, at the Best"
16. "To the Hall!"
17. "The Heart Bow'd Down"
18. "Hold! Hold! We Cannot Give the Life We Take"
Act 3
19. "When Other Lips" (otherwise known as "Then You'll Remember Me")
20. "Through the World Wilt Thou Fly, Love"
21. "Welcome the Present"
22. "Oh, What Full Delight"
{{col-end}}Film versions
A silent movie version was made in Britain in 1922. Ellen Terry, much better known as a stage actress, made her last screen appearance as Buda the nursemaid. Ivor Novello plays Thaddeus, Gladys Cooper plays Arline, and C. Aubrey Smith plays Devilshoof.An early sound short subject version of the opera was filmed in Britain in 1927, starring Pauline Johnson as Arline and Herbert Langley as Thaddeus.The best-known version is undoubtedly the 1936 full-length Laurel and Hardy film, described in the opening credits as "A Comedy Version of The Bohemian Girl". The characters played by Laurel and Hardy do not appear in the stage opera, nor does Thaddeus appear in the film.La gitanilla itself has been filmed three times, but never in English.Other references
The Bohemian Girl is mentioned in the short stories "Clay" and "Eveline" by James Joyce which are both parts of Dubliners. In "Clay", the character Maria sings some lines from "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls". The aria is quoted again in Joyce's novel Finnegans Wake.In the P.G. Wodehouse short story âWithout The Optionâ Oliver Randolph Sipperley, mainly referred to by Bertram Wooster as âSippyâ, greets Wooster with the quote âthe heart bowed down by weight of woe to weakest hope will cling.âGeorge Orwell recalls âa little poemâ he wrote in his essay âWhy I Writeâ. The poem's final verse runs:I dreamt I dwelt in marble halls,And woke to find it true ...Booth Tarkington mentions the opera, though not by name, in The Two Vanrevels, and quotes a line of the aria "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls".The opera is mentioned, and the aria is referred to several times, in the novel Dragonwyck, by Anya Seton, set in 1844. The song also appears in the movie version of the book.Willa Cather has referenced the work. One of her short stories, entitled "The Bohemian Girl", incorporates quotes from some of the arias (again including "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls"). The plot of the story also has some substantial parallels to the original.The aria "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls" is sung in the film The Age of Innocence. The aria was played and sung by the character Clementina Cavendish in the 1998 film The Governess.The opera is mentioned in Gone with the Wind when Melanie heads the Saturday Night Music Circle in Atlanta.Recordings
Several recordings exist of "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls"; one is included on Sutherland's compilation disc La Stupenda. Sutherland's husband, conductor Richard Bonynge, recorded a complete version of The Bohemian Girl with his protégée, Nova Thomas, singing the title role. It is one of the only complete recordings of the entire opera and still in print via ArkivMusic {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004055826weblink |date=2012-10-04 }}.Balfe: The Bohemian Girl, National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland, RTà Philharmonic Choir- Conductor: Richard Bonynge
- Principal singers: Nova Thomas (Arline), Patrick Power (Thaddeus), Jonathan Summers (Count Arnheim), Bernadette Cullen (Queen of the Gipsies), John del Carlo (Devilshoof), Timothy German (Florestein)
- Recording date and location: January 1991, National Concert Hall, Dublin
- Label: Argo, 433 324-2 (2 CDs)
References
Notes{{reflist}}Sources- {{Almanacco|dmy=27-11-1843|match=The Bohemian Girl}}
- Barrett, William Alexander, Balfe: His Life and Work, London, Remington, 1882
- Bunn, Alfred, The Bohemian Girl (original libretto). London: W.S. Johnson, 1843 on books.google.it
- Burton, Nigel, The Bohemian Girl, in Sadie, Stanley (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (Vol. 1, pp. 521â522), London: Macmillan Press, 1992. {{ISBN|0-333-48552-1}}
- D'Erme, Elisabetta: 'Michael William Balfe e La Zingara', Atti, vol. xlii (Rovinj, 2012), pp. 397â447 (online at HrÄak (Portal of Scientific Journals of Croatia), accessed 31 January 2017)
- Hancock, Tom, "UNL to Revive Influential Bohemian Girl" on cather.unl.edu, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Retrieved 19 August 2012
- IMDB: Information about the 1922 film
- Loewenberg, Alfred, Annals of Opera 1597-1940, Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1943, 3rd edition, London: John Calder, 1978. {{ISBN|0-7145-3657-1}}
- Walsh, Basil, Michael W. Balfe, A Unique Victorian Composer, Dublin: Irish Academic Press Ltd., 2010 {{ISBN|0716529483}} {{ISBN|0-7165-2948-3}}
External links
{{Commons category|The Bohemian Girl}}{{wikisource|The Bohemian Girl (Bunn)|The Bohemian Girl}}- "The Bohemian Girl" : Scores at the International Music Score Library Project" (IMSLP)
- Photos from The Bohemian Girl
- The libretto of the opera
- Biography of Balfe with information about the opera
- Sheet music for "Come with the gipsy bride; Heart bowed down", Birmingham, AL: Cawthon & McIntosh, from the Alabama Sheet Music Collection
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