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{{About|the Indian district in the state of West Bengal|its eponymous city headquarters|Jalpaiguri City}}{{More citations needed|date=May 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}

factoids

| image_map = Jalpaiguri in West Bengal (India).svg| mapsize = 300| map_caption = Location of Jalpaiguri in West Bengal| coordinates = | subdivision_type = CountryIndia}}States and union territories of India>State..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} West BengalAdministrative divisions of India>DivisionJalpaiguri division>Jalpaiguri| established_title = Established| established_date = | seat_type = Headquarters| seat = JalpaiguriTehsils of India>Tehsils| parts_style = para| p1 = | area_total_km2 = 3386| area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011| population_total = 2,381,596| population_footnotes = | population_urban = 1,103,847| population_density_km2 = auto| demographics_type1 = DemographicsLiteracy in India>Literacy| demographics1_info1 = 84.79 per cent| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio| demographics1_info2 = 954| leader_title = | leader_name = Lok Sabha>Lok Sabha constituenciesJalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)>JalpaiguriVidhan Sabha>Vidhan Sabha constituenciesNagrakata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)>Nagrakata, Dhupguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Maynaguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)>Maynaguri, Mal (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Dabgram-Phulbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)>Dabgram-Phulbari, Jalpaiguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Rajganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)>RajganjIndian Standard Time>IST| utc_offset1 = +05:30| registration_plate = Roads in India>Major highwaysNational Highway 31 (India)>NH 31, National Highway 31A (India), National Highway 31C (India)>NH 31C, NH 31D| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation| blank_info_sec2 = 3160 mmweblink}}| official_name = }}Jalpaiguri district ({{IPA-bn|dʒɔlpaːiːguɽiː}}) is a district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The district was established in 1869 during British Raj.The headquarters of the district are in the city of Jalpaiguri, which is also the divisional headquarters of North Bengal.

History

Jalpaiguri district comprises western Dooars and the major part of the eastern Morang and this area, according to Sailen Debnath, in the ancient time was a part of the kingdom of Kamarupa, and since the medieval period it became a part of Kamata kingdom.Sailen Debnath, The Dooars in Historical Transition, {{ISBN|9788186860441}}, N.L. Publishers Sailen writes that three of the five ancient capitals of Kamatapur were geographically in the district of Jalpaiguri; and the three capitals were at Chilapata, Mainaguri and Panchagarh in sequence. According to him, Hingulavas, the first capital of the next Koch kingdom as well was in Jalpaiguri district. Hingulavas has well been identified with Mahakalguri in Alipurduar Sub-Division.

Under the Kingdom of Bhutan

File:Southern border of Bhutan1985.jpg|thumb|280px|Southern Boundary of Bhutan contained the present Jalpaiguri district before 1865 Duar WarDuar WarThe Dooars in Jalpaiguri district were under the control of Kingdom of Bhutan from early 17th-century till 1865 when British East India company captured the area in the Duar War under the Treaty of Sinchula and were added to the district of Jalpaiguri in 1869 and later finally to the Indian Union in 1949.Like all the Duars under Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan, it was under the jurisdiction of Tongso Penlop, below the Tongso Penlop were Subah who in turn appointed Mondal, Laskar or Uzir to look after the Duars.{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=32}}

Geography

File:Samsing, Sikkim, near West Bengal border, the river and the valley 2012.jpg|thumb|right|280px|SamsingSamsingJalpaiguri is a part of West Bengal which is situated in North Bengal.The district situated in the northern part of West Bengal has international borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh in the north and south respectively and district borders with Darjeeling hills in the west and northwest and Alipurduar district and Cooch Behar district on the east.National protected areas include the Gorumara National Park and the Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary.

Climate

Jalpaiguri is part of monsoon climate zone of South-Eastern Asia. May is the hottest month of this region with average maximum temperature of about 32 Â°C whereas January is coldest with 11 Â°C. Highest ever recorded maximum and minimum temperature are 40 Â°C and 2 Â°C. The average annual humidity in the district is of 82%. The annual average rainfall is 3160mm. December is the driest month with average rainfall 0.2 mm and July is wettest with 809.3 mm. Number of rainy days are 0 to 1 during November to February and 24 days during July. Thunderstorms are common weather phenomenon during May.

Divisions

Sub-divisions

Jalpaiguri district earlier had three sub-divisions – Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision, Mal subdivision and Alipurduar subdivision. Alipurduar district was created in June 2014 and Jalpaiguri district was left with two subdivisions – Jalpaiguri Sadar and Mal.WEB,weblink Alipurduar a new district on June 25, The Times of India, 21 June 2014, 6 September 2014, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140625063726weblink">weblink dead, 25 June 2014, Alipurduar district birth on June 25, The Telegraph, 21 June 2014, 6 September 2014, Dhupguri subdivision is a new administrative division of the Jalpaiguri district. It was formed by dividing the Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision.WEB,weblink Dhupguri Subdivision Now Official, 22 February 2024,

Police stations

There are 16 police stations in the district, viz.:WEB, Administrative setup,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090410051608weblink">weblink 10 April 2009, 7 November 2008, Official website of the Jalpaiguri district, dmy-all,

1. Banarhat
2. Bhaktinagar
3. Binnaguri (Phari)
4. Chalsa
5. Dhupguri
6. Domohani (Phari)
7. Gairkata
8. Jalpaiguri (Kotwali)
9. Kranti Hat (Phari)
10. Malbazar
11. Matelli (Phari)
12. Mainaguri
13. Nagrakata
14. New Jalpaiguri
15. Patkata (Phari)
16. Rajganj

Telephone districts

There are six telephone area codes of Jalpaiguri district.They are 03561, 03562, 03563, 03564, 03565, 03566.

Assembly constituencies

As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into seven assembly constituencies:WEB, Delimitation Commission Order No. 18,weblink 6 September 2014, West Bengal, Election Commission, {| class="wikitable"!S No.!Name!Lok Sabha constituency!MLA! colspan="2" |Party| 15Dhupguri Assembly constituency>Dhupguri (SC)Jalpaiguri|Nirmal Chandra RoyAll India Trinamool Congress}}| 16Maynaguri Assembly constituency>Maynaguri (SC)Kaushik Roy (politician)>Kaushik RoyBharatiya Janata Party}}| 17Jalpaiguri Assembly constituency>Jalpaiguri (SC)|Pradip Kumar BarmaAll India Trinamool Congress}}| 18Rajganj Assembly constituency>Rajganj (SC)Khageswar Roy>Khageshwar RoyAll India Trinamool Congress}}| 19Dabgram-Phulbari Assembly constituency>Dabgram-Phulbari|Sikha ChatterjeeBharatiya Janata Party}}| 20Mal Assembly constituency>Mal (ST)|Bulu Chik BaraikAll India Trinamool Congress}}| 21Nagrakata Assembly constituency>Nagrakata (ST)Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency>Alipuarduars|Puna BhengraBharatiya Janata Party}}Malbazar and Nagrakata constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Tribes candidates. Dhupguri, Maynaguri, Jalpaiguri and Rajganj constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Caste candidates. Along with one assembly constituency from Cooch Behar district, Dhupguri, Maynaguri, Jalpaiguri, Rajganj, Dabgram-Phulbari, and Malbazar constituencies form Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency), which is reserved for Scheduled Castes.

Transport

One can avail train from the major railway stations in the vicinity like New Jalpaiguri railway station/ Jalpaiguri/ Jalpaiguri Road/ New Maynaguri railway station/ New Mal Junction railway station. By road it is connected with rest of the country. Air travel is available up to Bagdogra Airport, and from there it is connected by a 20 km expressway from the district border.

Demographics

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,46,764|13=1911|14=6,63,222|15=1921|16=6,95,946|17=1931|18=7,40,993|19=1941|20=8,47,841|21=1951|22=9,16,747|23=1961|24=13,59,292|25=1971|26=17,50,159|27=1981|28=22,14,871|29=1991|30=28,00,543|31=2001|32=34,01,173|33=2011|34=38,72,846|source=Census of IndiaDecadal Variation In Population Since 1901|align=center}}According to the 2011 census Jalpaiguri district had a population of 3,872,846, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia.WEB, US Directorate of Intelligence, Country Comparison:Population,weblinkweblink dead, 13 June 2007, 1 October 2011, Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est. After bifurcation the district has a population of 2,381,596, of which 752,805 (31.62%) live in urban areas. The residual district has a sex ratio of 956 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have a population of 1,001,572 (42.05%) and 349,592 (14.68%) of the population respectively.WEB, 2011, District Census Handbook: Jalpaiguri,weblink censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India,

Religion

{{bar box|title=Religion in Jalpaiguri district (2011)|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=right|bars={{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|82.41}}{{bar percent|Islam|green|13.25}}{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|3.12}}{{bar percent|Buddhism|yellow|0.64}}{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.58}}}}{| class="wikitable sortable"|+Religion in present-day Jalpaiguri district!Religion!Population (1941)WEB, CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI BENGAL PROVINCE,weblink 13 August 2022, {{rp|90-91}}!Percentage (1941)!Population (2011)WEB, 2011, Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal,weblink censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, !Percentage (2011)Hinduism in West Bengal>Hinduism (File:Om.svg|16x16px)|272,664|51.95%|1,962,679|82.41%In the 1941 census, tribals were counted under 'Tribal' irrespective of actual religion.15x15px)|136,455|26.00%|8,950|0.38%Islam in West Bengal>Islam (File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px)|113,176|21.56%|315,478|13.25%Christianity in West Bengal>Christianity (File:Christian_cross.svg|21x21px)|1,069|0.20%|74,188|3.12%Buddhism (File:Dharma Wheel (2).svg>15x15px)--| ---|15,358|0.64%Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated.}}|1,520|0.29%|4,943|0.20%|Total Population|524,884|100%|2,381,596|100%

Language

{{Pie chart|caption = Languages of Jalpaiguri district (2011)Bengali language>Bengali color1 = orchidSadri language>Sadri color2 = burlywoodNepali language>Nepali color3 = lightcoralHindi >value4 = 4.69 |color4 = orangevalue5 = 3.80 |color5 = mediumpurpleRangpuri language>Rajbongshi color6 = plumKurukh language>Kurukh color7 = mediumseagreenvalue8 = 4.03 |color8 = grey}}According to the 2011 census, 65.57% of the population spoke Bengali, 12.96% Sadri, 4.90% Nepali, 4.69% Hindi, 2.69% Rajbongshi and 1.39% Kurukh as their first language. Other languages spoken include Santali and Munda.WEB, Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal,weblink www.censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Kurukh and other tribal languages such as Kharia and Mundari were once more widespread among the tea tribes as late as the 1960s, but they have since rapidly shifted to Sadri as their mother tongue.

Flora and fauna

It is home to Gorumara National Park, which was established in 1994 and has an area of {{convert|79|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.WEB, Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment, Protected areas: Sikkim,weblink 25 September 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110823163836weblink">weblink 23 August 2011, Apart from Gorumara National Park, the district contains Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary.

Notable people

This is a list of notable people from Jalpaiguri District.

• Promode R. Bandyopadhyay, Indian born American inventor, research scientist and Technical Program Manager at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, New Port, Rhode Island, USA
• P. K. Banerjee, football player and coach who represented India at the international level.
• Swapna Barman, the heptathlete was born here.NEWS,weblink Could never afford nutritious food required by athlete, Asian gold-medallist Swapna Barman's father, 11 July 2017, The Indian Express, 17 July 2017, en-US,
• Ratan Lal Basu, a fiction writer in English.
• Moushumi Bhowmik, the eminent singer-songwriter was born here.,
• Mimi Chakraborty, Tollywood actress and Member of Parliament from Jadavpur constituency.
• Sukalyan Ghosh Dastidar, Indian footballer of the 1970s
• Bappi Lahiri, Indian singer.
• Samaresh Majumdar, Bengali author of novels like Uttoradhikar, Kalpurush, and Kaalbela.
• Khaleda Zia, Former Prime Minister of Bangladesh during 1991 to 1996 & 2001 to 2006 and leader of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.

Notes

{{notelist}}

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

• THESIS, Das, Smriti, 1998, Assam Bhutan relations with special reference to duars from 1681 to 1949, PhD, Guwahati University,weblink 10603/67909,

External links

{{Commons category}}

• District Website

{{Geographic location|Centre = Jalpaiguri district|North = Bhutan|Northeast = |East = Alipurduar district|Southeast = |South = Cooch Behar district|Southwest = Bangladesh|West = |Northwest = Darjeeling district}}{{Towns and cities of Jalpaiguri district}}{{Jalpaiguri topics}}{{Districts of West Bengal}}{{Authority control}}{{Coord|26.7|N|89.0|E|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:IN-WB|format=dms}}