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{{short description|Organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}

factoids

}}The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland and founded in Italy in 1933 by Francesco Braga.BOOK,weblink Musica solida, 9788833860534, Vita, Vito, 23 June 2020, Miraggi Edizioni, It operates a secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.

Function

IFPI's mission is to promote the value of recorded music, campaign for record producer rights, and expand the commercial uses of recorded music. Its services to members include a legal policy programme, litigation, content protection, sales reporting for the recorded music market, insight and analysis and work in the areas of performance rights, technology and trade.WEB,weblink What We Do — IFPI — Representing the recording industry worldwide, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 11 July 2019, live,

Structure

IFPI is governed by its Main Board, a group including representatives from across the organisation's members (including major and independent record labels), representatives from certain IFPI National Groups and the organisation's CEO.WEB,weblink Our Boards — IFPI — Representing the recording industry worldwide, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 8 July 2019, live, There are also two regional boards (the IFPI Asia/Pacific Regional Board and IFPI Latin America Regional Board) which oversee regional matters.Frances Moore is the current CEO. She was appointed the chief executive with a term effective from 1 July 2010.PRESS RELEASE, Frances Moore to be new CEO of IFPI,weblink IFPI, 24 June 2010, 24 June 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100708055631weblink">weblink 8 July 2010, live, She replaced John Kennedy, who had headed the organisation since 2005 and was also one of the co-producers of Live Aid and Live8.PRESS RELEASE, John Kennedy to succeed Jay Berman as Chairman and CEO of IFPI,weblink IFPI, 13 September 2004, 2 July 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080516073332weblink">weblink 16 May 2008, live, She was awarded an MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours List in 2021 for her services to the music industry.WEB, 2021-06-12, Frances Moore, Chief Executive of IFPI, Awarded MBE in Queen's Birthday Honours,weblink 2022-06-01, IFPI,

Scope of influence

IFPI represents the recording industry worldwide; there are some 8,000 members across IFPI and its National Group network, operating in over 70 countries and over 70 national groups, affiliated music licensing companies and IFPI offices.WEB,weblink 18 May 2010, IFPI, IFPI's Mission,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061105032552weblink">weblink 5 November 2006, live, According to its criteria, IFPI membership is open to "a legal entity or person which is either a producer of phonograms or music videos, copies of which are made available to the public in reasonable quantities", though the organisation does not define "reasonable quantities".National groups and affiliate bodies include SNEP in France; BVMI in Germany; RIAJ in Japan; BPI in the UK; RIAA in the US; ARIA in Australia; Music Canada; AMPROFON in Mexico; Recorded Music New Zealand; Promusicae in Spain; FIMI in Italy and others.WEB,weblink National Groups — IFPI — Representing the recording industry worldwide, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 11 February 2020, live, Record labels can be members of both their local industry body and IFPI.

History

Members of the international phonographic industry formed IFPI at the industry's first international congress in Rome, Italy, held from 10 to 14 November 1933.BOOK, Archiv für Urheber-, Film- und Theaterrecht, Der Schutz der Schallplatte nach italienischen Verordnung vom 18. February 1937., Thalheim, Dr. R., 11, 39, 1938, Julius Springer, Berlin, IFPI described its mission as representing "the interests of the recording industry worldwide in all fora"BOOK, Drahos, Peter,weblink Information Feudalism: Who Owns The Knowledge Economy?, Braithwaite, John, Earthscan, 2002, 1-85383-917-5, 181–182, The key actor in coordinating the industry's piracy strategy became its international trade association, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Formed in 1933, its mission was to represent 'the interests of the recording industry worldwide in all fora'., registration, by promoting legislation and copyrightsAV MEDIA, Davies, Gillian, Oral History of Recorded Sound (Abstract), May 1984, British Library National Sound Archiv e,weblink 10 April 2008, IFPI founded in 1933 to deal with [r]ecord industry at inter-governmental level; promoting legislation; copyrights for industry worldwide.,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090127014315weblink">weblink 27 January 2009, live, and "to protect the largely British-based recording industry" by promoting a global performance right in gramophone sound recordings.JOURNAL, Frith, Simon, Copyright and the Music Business, Popular Music, 7, 1, January 1988, 57–75, 10.1017/S0261143000002531, 853076, 153812624, IFPI was founded in 1933, in its own words, 'to protect the largely British-based recording industry', but, as Gavin McFarlane points out, its brief was more specifically 'to promote on a world-wide basis the performing right in gramophone records'...,

Phonogram copyrights established

The IFPI lobbied at the Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations of 1961, which established an international standard for the protection of sound recordings, live performances and broadcasts. This convention was opposed by trade groups representing authors and composers, who were concerned that establishing such "neighbouring rights" would undermine their own control over how their works were used and would result in prohibitively expensive licensing.Drahos & Braithwaite (2002), p. 181: "Authors and composers became increasingly worried by copyright's technological turn. They saw it as compromising the artistic purity of copyright. At a more practical level, authors were worried that the recognition of a 'neighbouring right' in the form of a sound recording would undermine their control over the use of works as well as add to users' costs. Users would now have to pay additional licence fees to producers of sound recordings. It was the resistance of key author associations that helps to explain why it took more than 30 years for an international standard for the protection of sound recordings to emerge in the form of the Rome Convention of 1961." Pressure from United States-based broadcasters who didn't want to license the records they broadcast, among other factors, kept the United States from signing the convention; the United States would not recognise a separate sound recording copyright until 1971.Drahos & Braithwaite (2002), p. 181: "The US did not join the Rome Convention. Aside from some constitutional issues, powerful broadcasting organisations in the US did not want to endanger a status quo in which they received records from the recording industry for free or at a discount. Domestically, the US did not recognise a separate copyright in sound recordings until 1971."

Phonogram copy protection efforts

In an effort to combat copyright violation, in 1971, the IFPI advocated for the Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms (the Geneva Phonograms Convention), which 72 countries signed.Drahos & Braithwaite (2002), p. 181: "After its major lobbying effort on the Rome Convention [of 1961], IFPI began a campaign against piracy. It pushed for and obtained in 1971 the Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against Unauthorised Duplication of their Phonograms."In 1986, the ISO established the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) standard, ISO 3901. In 1989, the IFPI was designated the registration authority for ISRC codes. ISRC codes "enable the use of copyright protected recordings and works to be controlled; facilitate the distribution and collection of royalties (performances, private copying); and assist in the fight against piracy".ISRC Practical Guide, 3rd edition, 1998, International ISRC Agency, London.To further combat infringement of recorded works, the IFPI and the compact disc manufacturing industry introduced Source Identification (SID) codes in 1994. The SID codes are markings on optical discs such as compact discs (CD) and digital versatile discs (DVD) that identify the manufacturer, equipment, and master discs used to create each disc. There are two codes: the SID mastering code and the SID mould code. The SID mastering code identifies the manufacturing facility used to produce a master from which moulds are produced. The SID mould code identifies the plant where the disc was moulded (replicated). Since not all optical disc manufacturing facilities have the ability to both produce master discs and replicate discs, the SID mastering code and SID mould code on a given optical disc may or may not represent the same manufacturing facility.WEB,weblink SID Code Implementation Guide, IFPI, International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, 10 January 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121202134742weblink">weblink 2 December 2012, live, {{rp|3,4}}SID codes follow a standard format consisting of the letters "IFPI" followed by four or five hexadecimal digits. A number prefaced with "L" is a "mastering code", a serial number taken from a pool assigned by Philips to the manufacturer. The mastering code identifies the Laser Beam Recorder (LBR) signal processor or mould that produced a particular stamper or a glass master disc from which moulds are produced. Non-"L" numbers are "mould codes", which identify the manufacturer that replicated the disc. Phillips assigns the first 2 or 3 digits of the mould code and the remaining digits are a serial number assigned by that plant to its moulds.{{rp|4,7}}

The Pirate Bay incidents

In mid-October 2007, after IFPI let the ifpi.com domain registration lapse, ownership of the ifpi.com domain was transferred to The Pirate Bay, a group which claimed it received the domain from an anonymous donor.WEB,weblink Anti-Piracy Organization Domain IFPI.com Now Owned by The Pirate Bay, TorrentFreak, Ernesto, 12 October 2007, 10 April 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071023203531weblink">weblink 23 October 2007, live, The group set up a Website under the domain titled "International Federation of Pirates Interests", a replacement backronym for IFPI. Ownership of the domain was returned to IFPI in late November, when a WIPO arbitration panel concluded that "the Disputed Domain Name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark in which the [IFPI] has rights" and that the Pirate Bay's representative "registered and [was] using the Disputed Domain Name in bad faith" and failed to adequately rebut IFPI's contention that he "has no rights or a legitimate interest in the Disputed Domain Name".WEB,weblink WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center Administrative Panel Decision: IFPI Secretariat, IFPI International Federation of the Phonographic Industry v. Peter Kopimi Sunde aka Brokep (Case No. D2007-1328), 19 November 2007, 10 April 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080224045026weblink">weblink 24 February 2008, live, The organisation's website www.ifpi.org was unaffected during the dispute.

Milestones

{{prose|date=March 2021}}

• 1996 – Platinum Europe Awards established
• 2003 – Pro-Music established, a website with a directory of licensed music services in each country, supported by a cross-sector industry groups and set up and run by IFPIWEB,weblink Pro Music : All You Need To Know About Getting Music On The Internet, www.pro-music.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 14 November 2019, live,
• 2004 – IFPI's Global Music Report first published (an annual publication; first edition called Online Music Report and subsequently renamed Digital Music Report in 2005. Rebranded to current name in 2016 and combined with separate publication Recording Industry in Numbers as combined report Global Music Report)
• 2005 – IFPI instrumental in litigation against illegal file-sharing site Kazaa, which later became a licensed serviceNEWS,weblink Kazaa site becomes legal service, 27 July 2006, 25 October 2019, en-GB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20191025131837weblink">weblink 25 October 2019, live,
• 2009 – coordinated music industry action against The Pirate Bay, resulting in a high-profile ruling against the site's operatorsNEWS,weblink The Pirate Bay trial: guilty verdict, Kiss, Jemima, 17 April 2009, The Guardian, 25 October 2019, en-GB, 0261-3077,weblink 25 October 2019, live,
• 2013 – IFPI's Global Recording Artist of the Year Award is established; a list of the world's top 10 most popular artists across a calendar year. The artist in the number one spot is presented with a physical award by IFPI.
• 2015 – Launch of New Music Fridays, the global switch to all markets releasing music on a Friday, driven by a steering committee including IFPIWEB,weblink "New Music Fridays" go live as albums and singles switch over to global release day, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 25 October 2019, live,
• 2015 – IFPI led legal action against Russian site vKontakte which led to a Russian court ordering the service to stop its "large-scale infringement"WEB,weblink Russian court orders VK to stop infringement, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 25 October 2019, live, and later saw the site become licensed in 2016WEB,weblink VKontakte launches licensed Spotify rival – but waits on Universal, 4 May 2016, Music Business Worldwide, en-US, 25 October 2019,weblink 25 October 2019, live,
• 2017 – IFPI co-ordinated legal action leading to the closure of the world's largest stream-ripping site, YouTubeMP3WEB,weblink World's largest music stream ripping site shuts down after successful international legal action from record industry, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 25 October 2019, live,
• 2019 – Changes to the European Copyright Directive—designed to great a fairer licensing environment for recorded music online—are adopted by the European Parliament, following a campaign by the creative industries, including IFPIWEB,weblink European Parliament approves new copyright rules for the internet {{!, News {{!}} European Parliament|date=26 March 2019|website=www.europarl.europa.eu|language=en|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041416weblink|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• 2020 – A Sub-Saharan Africa IFPI regional office was opened in Nairobi, working across the region's 46 markets.WEB, IFPI, IFPI, 18 June 2020, IFPI opens Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Office in Nairobi, Kenya,weblink
• 2021 – IFPI opens first office in the MENA region in Abu Dhabi.WEB, 2021-11-02, IFPI appoints Rawan Al-Dabbas as MENA Regional Director,weblink 2022-06-01, IFPI,
• 2022 – A new Southeast Asia regional office was opened in Singapore.WEB, 2022-03-17, IFPI Opens Southeast Asia Regional Office in Singapore,weblink 2022-06-01, IFPI,

Certifications and awards

IFPI publishesWEB, 2 April 2024, IFPI Global Charts,weblink IFPI, six annual top-ten charts: the IPFI Global Recording Artist Chart, IFPI Global Single Chart, IFPI Global Album Chart, IFPI Global Album Sales Chart, the IFPI Global Vinyl Album Chart and (from 2023) the IFPI Global Streaming Album Chart.Launched in January 2014,NEWS,weblink One Direction named top global recording artists in new award, 30 January 2014, The Guardian, live, 24 January 2020,weblink 25 October 2019, the IFPI Global Recording Artist Chart (sometimes called just the IFPI Global Artist Chart) was the first global chart to accurately capture the popularity of artists across streaming channels, alongside digital and physical album and singles sales. The independently verifiedWEB,weblink Drake named Global Recording Artist of 2018, www.ifpi.org, 26 February 2019, 25 October 2019,weblink 9 July 2019, live, chart includes sales of albums across digital, CD and vinyl formats; singles, both downloaded and physical; and streams across the calendar year. The chart includes all the music of each artist featured, not just one track or album. It uses album equivalent units to combine measurements of downloads, physical sales and streams.The Top 10 Global Artist Chart is published each year, with the number-one artist being presented with a physical award, as the Global Recording Artist of the Year. The winners have been: One Direction in 2013, Taylor Swift in 2014,WEB,weblink Taylor Swift named IFPI Global Recording Artist of 2014, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 8 March 2020, live, Adele in 2015,WEB,weblink Adele confirmed by IFPI as the number 1 global recording artist, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 25 October 2019, live, Drake in 2016,WEB,weblink Drake named IFPI Global Recording Artist 2016, www.ifpi.org, 25 October 2019,weblink 21 October 2019, live, Ed Sheeran in 2017,WEB,weblink Ed Sheeran officially named the best-selling global recording artist of 2017, www.ifpi.org, 26 February 2018, 25 October 2019,weblink 25 October 2019, live, Drake in 2018, Taylor Swift in 2019,WEB,weblink Taylor Swift Named IFPI Global Recording Artist of 2019, www.ifpi.org, 2 March 2020, 2 March 2020,weblink 2 March 2020, live, BTS in 2020WEB, 4 March 2021, BTS announced as the winners of 2020's IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year Award,weblink 4 March 2021, IFPI, and 2021,WEB, 24 February 2022, BTS announced as the winners of IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year Award,weblink 24 February 2022, IFPI, and Taylor Swift in 2022WEB, Hatton, Carl, 2023-02-22, Taylor Swift Named IFPI's Global Recording Artist of the Year,weblink 2023-02-22, IFPI, and 2023.MAGAZINE, Brandle, Lars, 2024-02-21, Taylor Swift Crowned IFPI's Global Recording Artist For Record Fourth Time,weblink 2024-02-21, Billboard, en-US, IFPI also publishes a list of the top 10 best-performing global singles and albums each year. The most recent winners, for 2023, were Miley Cyrus' "Flowers"WEB, IFPI, 26 February 2024, Miley Cyrus' Flowers confirmed by IFPI as biggest-selling global single of the year,weblink IFPI, and Seventeen's FML respectively.WEB, IFPI, 27 February 2024, Seventeen's FML announced by IFPI as the biggest-selling global album of the year,weblink IFPI, In March 2022 IFPI launched the first Global Vinyl Album Chart (most recently topped by Taylor Swift's '1989 (Taylor's Version)WEB, IFPI, 28 March 2024, Taylor Swift, Seventeen and Morgan Wallen top IFPI Global Album Charts,weblink IFPI, ', announced in March 2024) and in March 2023 they introduced the IFPI Global Streaming Album Chart; Morgan Wallen's 'One Thing At A Time'WEB, IFPI, 28 March 2024, Taylor Swift, Seventeen and Morgan Wallen top IFPI Global Album Charts,weblink IFPI, most recently took the top spot in that chart. The latest IFPI Global Album Sales Chart saw Seventeen at No. 1 with 'FML', with the K-Pop band having also reached No. 1 on the overall Global Album Chart for 2023 with the same album.Formerly, IFPI ran certifications called the IFPI Platinum Europe Awards and the IFPI Middle East Awards. The IFPI Platinum Europe Awards were founded in 1996.WEB,weblink IFPI Awards, ifpi.org, IFPI Middle East Awards, 16 May 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100729114236weblink">weblink 29 July 2010, They are awarded for actual retail sales (as opposed to shipments) of one million albums, in one of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.WEB,weblink Platinum Europe Awards – Terms and Conditions, ifpi.org, 16 May 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100128070634weblink">weblink 28 January 2010, live, The IFPI Middle East Awards were established in October 2009. They were awarded for sales in either Lebanon or the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. In the Gulf Cooperation Council, gold certification was awarded for sales of 3,000 units and platinum for sales of 6,000 units. In Lebanon, gold certification was awarded for sales of 1,000 units and platinum for sales of 2,000 units.WEB,weblink IFPI Middle East Award Application Form, October 2009, ifpi.org, 16 May 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120812081225weblink">weblink 12 August 2012, dead,

See also

• Belgian Entertainment Association
• IFPI Danmark
• IFPI Greece
• List of music recording certifications
• List of largest recorded music markets
• Musiikkituottajat (IFPI Finland)
• Peer-to-peer file sharing

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

• {{Official websiteweblink}}

{{Music industry}}{{Music organizations}}{{Music recording certification}}{{Authority control}}