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{{Short description|Haplogroup O. Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in Asia.}}{{About|the human Y-DNA haplogroup|the human mtDNA haplogroup|Haplogroup O (mtDNA)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}

factoids

Haplogroup NO (Y-DNA)>NOPrimary:haplogroup O-F265>O1 (O-F265); O2 (O-M122) Secondary:O1a (O-M119); O1b (O-M268);O2a (O-M324); O2b (O-F742)M175 (+ numerous other Single-nucleotide polymorphism>SNPs).ISOGG 2017|members=}}Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is primarily found among populations in Southeast Asia and East Asia. It also is found in various percentages of populations of the Russian Far East, South Asia, Central Asia, Caucasus, Crimea, Ukraine, Iran, Oceania, Madagascar and the Comoros. Haplogroup O is a primary descendant of haplogroup NO-M214.The O-M175 haplogroup is very common amongst males from East and Southeast Asia. It has two primary branches: O1 (O-F265) and O2 (O-M122). O1 is found at high frequencies amongst males native to Southeast Asia, Taiwan, the Japanese Archipelago, the Korean Peninsula, Madagascar and some populations in southern China and Austroasiatic speakers of India. O2 is found at high levels amongst Han Chinese, Tibeto-Burman populations (including many of those in Yunnan, Tibet, Burma, Northeast India, and Nepal), Manchu, Mongols (especially those who are citizens of the PRC), Koreans, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Japanese, Thais, Polynesians, Miao people, Hmong, the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs in Kazakhstan,JOURNAL, E. E., Ashirbekov, D. M., Botbaev, A. M., Belkozhaev, A. O., Abayldaev, A. S., Neupokoeva, J. E., Mukhataev, B., Alzhanuly, D. A., Sharafutdinova, D. D., Mukushkina, M. B., Rakhymgozhin, A. K., Khanseitova, S. A., Limborska, N. A., Aytkhozhina, Distribution of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups of the Kazakh from the South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, and Almaty Regions, Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 6, 316, 2017, 85–95,weblink Kazakhs in the southeast of Altai Republic,JOURNAL, Dulik MC, Osipova LP, Schurr TG, Y-chromosome variation in Altaian Kazakhs reveals a common paternal gene pool for Kazakhs and the influence of Mongolian expansions, PLOS ONE, 6, 3, e17548, March 2011, 21412412, 3055870, 10.1371/journal.pone.0017548, 2011PLoSO...617548D, free, and Kazakhs in the Ili area of Xinjiang.THESIS, 陆艳 [Lu Yan], 2011, 中国西部人群的遗传混合, Genetic Mixture of Populations in Western China,weblink

Origins

Haplogroup O-M175 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup NO-M214, and first appeared according to different theories either in Southeast Asia (see {{harvnb|Rootsi|2006}}, {{harvnb|TMC|1998}}, {{harvnb|Shi|2005}}, and {{harvnb|Bradshaw Foundation}}) or East Asia (see {{harvnb|ISOGG|2012}}) approximately 40,000 years ago (or between 31,294 and 51,202 years ago according to Karmin et al. 2015).JOURNAL, Karmin, Monika, Saag, Lauri, Vicente, Mário, Sayres, Melissa A. Wilson, Järve, Mari, Talas, Ulvi Gerst, Rootsi, Siiri, Ilumäe, Anne-Mai, Mägi, Reedik, Mitt, Mario, Pagani, Luca, Puurand, Tarmo, Faltyskova, Zuzana, Clemente, Florian, Cardona, Alexia, Metspalu, Ene, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Hudjashov, Georgi, DeGiorgio, Michael, Loogväli, Eva-Liis, Eichstaedt, Christina, Eelmets, Mikk, Chaubey, Gyaneshwer, Tambets, Kristiina, Litvinov, Sergei, Mormina, Maru, Xue, Yali, Ayub, Qasim, Zoraqi, Grigor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Akhatova, Farida, Lachance, Joseph, Tishkoff, Sarah, Momynaliev, Kuvat, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Kusuma, Pradiptajati, Razafindrazaka, Harilanto, Pierron, Denis, Cox, Murray P., Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar, Willerslev, Rane, Muller, Craig, Westaway, Michael, Lambert, David, Skaro, Vedrana, Kovačevic´, Lejla, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Khusainova, Rita, Trofimova, Natalya, Akhmetova, Vita, Khidiyatova, Irina, Lichman, Daria V., Isakova, Jainagul, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Barashkov, Nikolay A., Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Mihailov, Evelin, Seng, Joseph Wee Tien, Evseeva, Irina, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Abdullah, Syafiq, Andriadze, George, Primorac, Dragan, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Marjanovic´, Damir, Kushniarevich, Alena, Behar, Doron M., Gilissen, Christian, Vissers, Lisenka, Veltman, Joris A., Balanovska, Elena, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Metspalu, Andres, Fedorova, Sardana, Eriksson, Anders, Manica, Andrea, Mendez, Fernando L., Karafet, Tatiana M., Veeramah, Krishna R., Bradman, Neil, Hammer, Michael F., Osipova, Ludmila P., Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza K., Johnsen, Knut, Remm, Maido, Thomas, Mark G., Tyler-Smith, Chris, Underhill, Peter A., Willerslev, Eske, Nielsen, Rasmus, Metspalu, Mait, Villems, Richard, 1, Kivisild, Toomas, A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture, Genome Research, April 2015, 25, 4, 459–466, 10.1101/gr.186684.114, 25770088, 4381518, JOURNAL, Yan, Shi, Wang, Chuan-Chao, Zheng, Hong-Xiang, Wang, Wei, Qin, Zhen-Dong, Wei, Lan-Hai, Wang, Yi, Pan, Xue-Dong, Fu, Wen-Qing, He, Yun-Gang, Xiong, Li-Jun, Jin, Wen-Fei, Li, Shi-Lin, An, Yu, Li, Hui, Jin, Li, Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers, PLOS ONE, 29 August 2014, 9, 8, e105691, 10.1371/journal.pone.0105691, 25170956, 4149484, 1310.3897, 2014PLoSO...9j5691Y, free, Haplogroup O-M175 is one of NO-M214's two branches. The other is Haplogroup N, which is common throughout North Eurasia.

Distribution

This haplogroup appears in high to moderate frequencies in most populations in both East Asia and Southeast Asia, and it is almost exclusive to that region: It is almost nonexistent in Western Siberia, Western Asia, Europe, most of Africa, India and the Americas, where its presence may be the result of recent migrations. However, certain O subclades do achieve significant frequencies among some populations of Central Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. For example, one study found it at a rate of 67% among the Naimans, a tribe in Kazakhstan, even though the rate among Kazakhs in general is only about 3.3% to 10.8%{{harv|Wells et al.|2001}}.Maxat Zhabagin, Zhaxylyk Sabitov, Pavel Tarlykov, Inkar Tazhigulova, Zukhra Junissova, Dauren Yerezhepov, Rakhmetolla Akilzhanov, Elena Zholdybayeva, Lan-Hai Wei, Ainur Akilzhanova, Oleg Balanovsky, and Elena Balanovska, "The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan." BMC Genetics 2020, 21(Suppl 1):87.weblink (It is notable that 75% of cases of haplogroup O-M175 observed in the Kazakh sample of Ashirbekov et al. 2017, of which 10.8% have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M175, have been contributed by the Naimans themselves; only 3.1% of the remainder of the Kazakh sample with the Naimans excluded belong to haplogroup O-M175.) It has been estimated that 25% of the entire male population of the world carries different subclades of O.JOURNAL, Shou, Wei-Hua, Qiao, En-Fa, Wei, Chuan-Yu, Dong, Yong-Li, Tan, Si-Jie, Shi, Hong, Tang, Wen-Ru, Xiao, Chun-Jie, Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians, Journal of Human Genetics, May 2010, 55, 5, 314–322, 10.1038/jhg.2010.30, 20414255, 23002493, free, Karafet et al. (2015) have assigned the Y-DNA of 46.2% (12/26) of a sample of Papuan from Pantar Island to haplogroup NO-M214;JOURNAL, Karafet, Tatiana M., Mendez, Fernando L., Sudoyo, Herawati, Lansing, J. Stephen, Hammer, Michael F., Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia, European Journal of Human Genetics, March 2015, 23, 3, 369–373, 10.1038/ejhg.2014.106, 24896152, 4326703, considering their location in the Malay Archipelago, all or most of these individuals should belong to haplogroup O-M175.An association with the spread of Austronesian languages in late antiquity is suggested by significant levels of O-M175 among island populations of the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, including the East African littoral. For example, Haplogroup O-M50 has even been found in Bantu-speaking populations of the Comoros along 6% of O-MSY2.2(xM50),JOURNAL, Msaidie S, Ducourneau A, Boetsch G, Longepied G, Papa K, Allibert C, Yahaya AA, Chiaroni J, Mitchell MJ, 6, Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean, European Journal of Human Genetics, 19, 1, 89–94, January 2011, 20700146, 3039498, 10.1038/ejhg.2010.128, while both O-M50 and O-M95(xM88) occur commonly among the Malagasy people of Madagascar with a combined frequency of 34%.JOURNAL, Hurles ME, Sykes BC, Jobling MA, Forster P, The dual origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: evidence from maternal and paternal lineages, American Journal of Human Genetics, 76, 5, 894–901, May 2005, 15793703, 1199379, 10.1086/430051, JOURNAL, Tofanelli S, Bertoncini S, Castrì L, Luiselli D, Calafell F, Donati G, Paoli G, On the origins and admixture of Malagasy: new evidence from high-resolution analyses of paternal and maternal lineages, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 26, 9, 2109–24, September 2009, 19535740, 10.1093/molbev/msp120, free, O-M175 has been found in 28.1% of Solomon Islanders from Melanesia.JOURNAL, Cox MP, Mirazón Lahr M, Y-chromosome diversity is inversely associated with language affiliation in paired Austronesian- and Papuan-speaking communities from Solomon Islands, American Journal of Human Biology, 18, 1, 35–50, January 2006, 16378340, 10.1002/ajhb.20459, 12% of Uyghurs {{harv|Wells et al.|2001}}, 6.8% of KalmyksJOURNAL, Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Denisova G, Khoyt S, Woźniak M, Grzybowski T, Zakharov I, Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels, Journal of Human Genetics, 58, 12, 804–11, December 2013, 24132124, 10.1038/jhg.2013.108, free, (17.1% of Khoshuud, 6.1% of Dörwöd, 3.3% of Torguud, 0% of Buzawa), 6.2% of Altaians {{harv|Kharkov et al.|2007}}, 4.1% of Uzbeks on average but Uzbeks from Bukhara 12.1%, Karakalpaks (Uzbekistan) 11.4%, Sinte (Uzbekistans) 6.7% {{harv|Wells et al.|2001}} and 4.0% of Buryats.JOURNAL, Har'kov VN, Hamina KV, Medvedeva OF, Simonova KV, Eremina ER, Stepanov VA, [Gene pool of Buryats: clinal variability and territorial subdivision based on data of Y-chromosome markers], Genetika, 50, 2, 203–13, February 2014, 25711029, 10.1134/s1022795413110082, 15595963, In the Caucasus region it has been found in the Nogais 6%JOURNAL, Marchani EE, Watkins WS, Bulayeva K, Harpending HC, Jorde LB, Culture creates genetic structure in the Caucasus: autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosomal variation in Daghestan, BMC Genetics, 9, 47, July 2008, 18637195, 2488347, 10.1186/1471-2156-9-47, free, but 5.3% in the Karan Nogais, it is also found in the Dargins of Dargwa speakers at 2.9%.JOURNAL, Balanovsky, Oleg, Dibirova, Khadizhat, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg, Frolova, Svetlana, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Haber, Marc, Platt, Daniel, Schurr, Theodore, Haak, Wolfgang, Kuznetsova, Marina, Radzhabov, Magomed, Balaganskaya, Olga, Romanov, Alexey, Zakharova, Tatiana, Soria Hernanz, David F., Zalloua, Pierre, Koshel, Sergey, Ruhlen, Merritt, Renfrew, Colin, Wells, R. Spencer, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Balanovska, Elena, Genographic, Consortium., Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1 October 2011, 28, 10, 2905–2920, 10.1093/molbev/msr126, 21571925, 3355373, In the Iranic population, it is found in Iranian (Esfahan) at 6.3% ({{harvnb|Wells et al.|2001}}), 8.9% of Tajiks in AfghanistanJOURNAL, Haber, Marc, Platt, Daniel E., Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar, Youhanna, Sonia C., Soria-Hernanz, David F., Martínez-Cruz, Begoña, Douaihy, Bouchra, Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella, Rafatpanah, Hoshang, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Whale, John, Balanovsky, Oleg, Wells, R. Spencer, Comas, David, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Zalloua, Pierre A., Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events, PLOS ONE, 28 March 2012, 7, 3, e34288, 10.1371/journal.pone.0034288, 22470552, 3314501, 2012PLoSO...734288H, free, 4.2% in the Pathans in Pakistan ({{harvnb|Firasat|2007}}) but 1% in Afghanistan,{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} 3.1% in Burusho ({{harvnb|Firasat|2007}}).Haplogroup O-M175 ranges in various moderate to high frequencies in the ethnic minorities of South Africa. The frequency of this haplogroup is 6.14% in the Cape colored population.JOURNAL, Quintana-Murci L, Harmant C, Quach H, Balanovsky O, Zaporozhchenko V, Bormans C, van Helden PD, Hoal EG, Behar DM, 6, Strong maternal Khoisan contribution to the South African coloured population: a case of gender-biased admixture, American Journal of Human Genetics, 86, 4, 611–20, April 2010, 20346436, 2850426, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.014, 18% in Cape Coloured Muslim, 38% in Cape Indian Muslims and 10% in other Cape Other Muslim. It's found 11.5% in the Réunion Creole.JOURNAL, Berniell-Lee, Gemma, Plaza, Stéphanie, Bosch, Elena, Calafell, Francesc, Jourdan, Eric, Césari, Maya, Lefranc, Gérard, Comas, David, Admixture and sexual bias in the population settlement of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean), American Journal of Physical Anthropology, May 2008, 136, 1, 100–107, 10.1002/ajpa.20783, 18186507, Haplogroup O-M175 had also been found in Latin America and Caribbean as a result of massive Chinese male migration from the 19th century. It was found in the Jamaicans at 3.8,JOURNAL, Simms TM, Wright MR, Hernandez M, Perez OA, Ramirez EC, Martinez E, Herrera RJ, Y-chromosomal diversity in Haiti and Jamaica: contrasting levels of sex-biased gene flow, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 148, 4, 618–31, August 2012, 22576450, 10.1002/ajpa.22090, Cubans 1.5%JOURNAL, Mendizabal I, Sandoval K, Berniell-Lee G, Calafell F, Salas A, Martínez-Fuentes A, Comas D, Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 213, July 2008, 1, 18644108, 2492877, 10.1186/1471-2148-8-213, free, 2008BMCEE...8..213M, Haplogroup O-M175 has been found in 88.7% of Asian American. 1.6% in Hispanic American, White Americans 0.5%, and 0.3% in African American.JOURNAL, Hammer, Michael F., Chamberlain, Veronica F., Kearney, Veronica F., Stover, Daryn, Zhang, Gina, Karafet, Tatiana, Walsh, Bruce, Redd, Alan J., Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases, Forensic Science International, December 2006, 164, 1, 45–55, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.013, 16337103, Another study gives 0.5% African American.JOURNAL, Stefflova, Klara, Dulik, Matthew C., Pai, Athma A., Walker, Amy H., Zeigler-Johnson, Charnita M., Gueye, Serigne M., Schurr, Theodore G., Rebbeck, Timothy R., Evaluation of Group Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex-Biased Admixture in the Americas, PLOS ONE, 25 November 2009, 4, 11, e7842, 10.1371/journal.pone.0007842, 19946364, 2776971, 2009PLoSO...4.7842S, free, Among the sub-branches of haplogroup O-M175 are O-M119(O1a), O-M268(O1b), and O-M122(O2).Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon's males, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gujars and Yousafzais. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon.JOURNAL, Tariq, Muhammad, Ahmad, Habib, Hemphill, Brian E., Farooq, Umar, Schurr, Theodore G., 2022, Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Scientific Reports, 12, 1027, 1027, 10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3, 35046511, 8770644, 2022NatSR..12.1027T, JOURNAL, 35046511, 2022, Tariq, M., Ahmad, H., Hemphill, B. E., Farooq, U., Schurr, T. G., Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Scientific Reports, 12, 1, 1027, 10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3, 8770644, 2022NatSR..12.1027T,weblink 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.THESIS, Tariq, Muhammad, 2017, Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis,weblink This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara UniversityMansehra, Pakistan, 1–229, Hazara University, Mansehra, 13737,weblinkRussians in China East Asian haplogroup O made up 58% of their Y haplogroup. O3-M122 specifically made up 47% of the Russian sample.JOURNAL, Shou, Wei-Hua, Qiao, En-Fa, Wei, Chuan-Yu, Dong, Yong-Li, Tan, Si-Jie, Tang, Wen-Ru, Xiao, Chun-Jie, 2010, Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians,weblink Journal of Human Genetics, 55, 5, 314–322, 10.1038/jhg.2010.30, 20414255, The East Asian Y haplogroup O3-M122 was found in 47% of Russian males in China. In another test the East Asian paternal Y Haplogroup O made up 58% of Russian males samples in China.JOURNAL, Shou, Wei-Hua, Qiao, En-Fa, Wei, Chuan-Yu, Dong, Yong-Li, Tan, Si-Jie, Shi, Hong, Tang, Wen-Ru, Xiao, Chun-Jie, 2010, Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians,weblink Journal of Human Genetics, 55, 5, 314–322, 10.1038/jhg.2010.30, 20414255, Haplogroup O was found in 1%-1.2% of Persians in one sample.JOURNAL, Mehrjoo, Z, Fattahi, Z, Beheshtian, M, Mohseni, M, Poustchi, H, Ardalani, F, 2019, Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population, PLOS Genet, 15, 9, e1008385, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385, free, 31550250, 6759149, JOURNAL, Fattahi, Z, Beheshtian, M, Mohseni, M, 2019, Iranome: A catalog of genomic variations in the Iranianpopulation,weblink Human Mutation, 40, 11, 1968–1984, 10.1002/humu.23880, 31343797, 21.11116/0000-0004-DBEE-A, free,weblink is the commonly shared genetic signature of Sino-Tibetan speaking ethnicities.JOURNAL, Wang, Chuan-Chao, Wang, Ling-Xiang, Shrestha, Rukesh, Zhang, Manfei, Huang, Xiu-Yuan, Hu, Kang, Jin, Li, Li, Hui, Pereira, Luísa M. Sousa Mesquita, Aug 4, 2014, Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor, PLOS ONE, 9, 8, e103772, 10.1371/journal.pone.0103772, free, 25090432, 4121179, 2014PLoSO...9j3772W,

O-M175*

A broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) in 31% (14/45) of a sample of Koreans and in smaller percentages of Crimean Tatars (1/22 = 4.5%), Tajiks (1/16 = 6.25% Dushanbe, 1/40 = 2.5% Samarkand), Uyghurs (2/41 = 4.9%), Uzbeks (1/68 = 1.5% Surxondaryo, 1/70 = 1.4% Xorazm), and Kazakhs (1/54 = 1.9%) {{harv|Wells et al.|2001}}. However, nearly all of the purported Korean O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes may belong to Haplogroup O-M176,O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) is sometimes incorrectly called "O*". and later studies do not support the finding of O-M175* among similar population samples ({{harvnb|Xue|2006}}, {{harvnb|Kim|2011}}). The reported examples of O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes that have been found among these populations might therefore belong to Haplogroup O-M268*(xM95,M176) or Haplogroup O-M176 (O1b2).A study published in 2013 found O-M175(xM119, M95, M176, M122) Y-DNA in 5.5% (1/18) Iranians from Teheran, 5.4% (2/37) Tajiks from Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, and 1/97 Mongols from northwest Mongolia, while finding O-M176 only in 1/20 Mongols from northeast Mongolia.JOURNAL, Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, Metspalu M, Metspalu E, Witzel M, King RJ, Underhill PA, Villems R, Chiaroni J, 6, Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge, PLOS ONE, 8, 10, e76748, 2013, 24204668, 3799995, 10.1371/journal.pone.0076748, 2013PLoSO...876748D, free,

O-F265 (O1)

O1a-M119 and O1b-M268 share a common ancestor, O1-F265 (a.k.a. O-F75) approximately 33,181 (95% CI 24,461 to 36,879) YBP.BIORXIV, Magoon, Gregory R., Banks, Raymond H., Rottensteiner, Christian, Schrack, Bonnie E., Tilroe, Vincent O., Robb, Terry, Grierson, Andrew J., Generation of high-resolution a priori Y-chromosome phylogenies using 'next-generation' sequencing data, 13 December 2013, 10.1101/000802, {{s2cid|377800}} O1-F265, in turn, coalesces to a common ancestor with O2-M122 approximately 33,943 (95% CI 25,124 to 37,631) YBP. Thus, O1-F265 should have existed as a single haplogroup parallel to O2-M122 for a duration of approximately 762 years (or anywhere from 0 to 13,170 years considering the 95% CIs and assuming that the phylogeny is correct) before breaking up into its two extant descendant haplogroups, O1-MSY2.2 and O1b-M268.

O-M119 (O1a)

{{expand section|date=December 2012}}O-M119 (which was known briefly as O-MSY2.2, until the SNP MSY2.2 was found to be unreliable) is found frequently in Austronesian-speaking people, with a moderate distribution in southern and eastern Chinese and Kra-dai peoples.

O-M268 (O1b)

• O-K18 NaxiYFull Haplogroup YTree v5.04 at 16 May 2017
  • O-CTS4040
    • O-MF56251 Observed sporadically in China (Guangxi,Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O at 23mofang Guangdong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing), Thailand (Phuan,Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O-F175 at TheYtree Yuan, Central Thai), Vietnam (Nùng, Tày)
    • O-Page59/CTS10887 Found among North Han Chinese (5%), East Han Chinese (4%), South Han Chinese (3%)

O-F4070* O-MF106398 Observed sporadically in China (Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shandong)* O-F779/F993/F3135 China, Vietnam (Lahu), QatarO Y-Haplogroup Project at Family Tree DNA** O-MF107014 Observed sporadically in China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Heilongjiang)** O-CTS5160/MF61620 China (Han, mostly Guangdong or Fujian)** O-F2064/F1759 China (Han from Fujian, Shandong), Singapore, Vietnam (Sila,JOURNAL, Macholdt, Enrico, Arias, Leonardo, Duong, Nguyen Thuy, Ton, Nguyen Dang, Van Phong, Nguyen, Schröder, Roland, Pakendorf, Brigitte, Van Hai, Nong, Stoneking, Mark, The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations, European Journal of Human Genetics, May 2020, 28, 5, 636–645, 10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4, 31827276, 7171127, Hanhi, Kinh), Korea*** O-PH2797/CTS1127 China (especially Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Hebei, Anhui, Beijing, Henan, and Shanghai) O-MF66989 Observed sporadically in China (Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shanxi) O-PH2506 China (Beijing), Japan*** O-Y148532 China (Shandong, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan, Beijing, Shaanxi), Afghanistan (Hazara)*** O-Y239146/MF31164 Singapore, Taiwan*** O-Y47392/MF17288 China (Zhejiang)*** O-BY182144/Y157814 China (Shandong, Gansu), Taiwan O-MF16472/MF148514 China (Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, Beijing, Hunan, Jiangsu, etc.)* O-MF184575 China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Jilin Korean) O-ACT3266/Y149401 China (Shandong, Jiangsu)*** O-PH4822 China (Beijing, Jiangsu) O-F417/M1654/CTS469 Japan (Tokyo)* O-F840/F1247/F1378** O-Y185784 Singapore** O-CTS250*** O-F2760 China (Beijing, Dai)*** O-FGC30081 China (Hubei, Guangdong)* O-CTS1451 Korea, China (Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Guangdong, Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, etc.) O-CTS9996/PF4341 Philippines* O-PF4341* Hunan (Han)* O-CTS298 China (esp. Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Shanghai, and Liaoning)** O-F16308 China (esp. Hunan)** O-MF2931 China (esp. Zhejiang)* O-MF14344 China (esp. Shaanxi and Anhui)** O-F1356 China (Shandong, Beijing), Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City), South Korea

• O-PK4
  • O-F838 Found in about 1.4% of Han ChineseJOURNAL, Yan S, Wang CC, Li H, Li SL, Jin L, Genographic Consortium, An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4, European Journal of Human Genetics, 19, 9, 1013–5, September 2011, 21505448, 3179364, 10.1038/ejhg.2011.64, (and esp. in Hunan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou)

O-CTS3857 * O-F714** O-F2081 Shaanxi (Han)** O-F3357 *** O-F977 Liaoning O-F1199 Beijing, Sichuan* O-ACT7133 Chongqing Liwutu, Jiangxi* O-Y168698 Sichuan, Anhui*** O-CTS4052/CTS5664 Hunan (Han) O-Y155291 Anhui , medieval Turk (fl. ca. 600 - 900 CE) from the oasis of OtrarJOURNAL, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Marchi, Nina, Rasmussen, Simon, Peyrot, Michaël, Renaud, Gabriel, Korneliussen, Thorfinn, Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, Pedersen, Mikkel Winther, Goldberg, Amy, Usmanova, Emma, Baimukhanov, Nurbol, Loman, Valeriy, Hedeager, Lotte, Pedersen, Anders Gorm, Nielsen, Kasper, Afanasiev, Gennady, Akmatov, Kunbolot, Aldashev, Almaz, Alpaslan, Ashyk, Baimbetov, Gabit, Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I., Beisenov, Arman, Boldbaatar, Bazartseren, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Dorzhu, Choduraa, Ellingvag, Sturla, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Dajani, Rana, Dmitriev, Evgeniy, Evdokimov, Valeriy, Frei, Karin M., Gromov, Andrey, Goryachev, Alexander, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hegay, Tatyana, Khachatryan, Zaruhi, Khaskhanov, Ruslan, Kitov, Egor, Kolbina, Alina, Kubatbek, Tabaldiev, Kukushkin, Alexey, Kukushkin, Igor, Lau, Nina, Margaryan, Ashot, Merkyte, Inga, Mertz, Ilya V., Mertz, Viktor K., Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Moiyesev, Vyacheslav, Mukhtarova, Gulmira, Nurmukhanbetov, Bekmukhanbet, Orozbekova, Z., Panyushkina, Irina, Pieta, Karol, Smrčka, Václav, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Štolcová, Tereza, Taravella, Angela M., Tashbaeva, Kadicha, Tkachev, Alexander, Tulegenov, Turaly, Voyakin, Dmitriy, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Varfolomeev, Victor, Weber, Andrzej, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A., Kradin, Nikolay, Allentoft, Morten E., Orlando, Ludovic, Nielsen, Rasmus, Sikora, Martin, Heyer, Evelyne, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes, Nature, May 2018, 557, 7705, 369–374, 10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2, 29743675, 2018Natur.557..369D, 1887/3202709, 13670282, free, O-CTS2452 Guangxi, Hunan* O-F15640/F11242 Fujian, Singapore, Spain (Burgos)** O-F16212 *** O-F21414 Fujian O-F15452 O-F15300 Chongqing, Guizhou, Anhui* O-F14826 Hunan [Yong zhou Tang family]** O-MF45275 Guangxi** O-Y34152 *** O-MF43808 Sichuan, Hunan*** O-MF37500 Hunan O-MF43192 Sichuan, Hunan

• O-M95

O-CTS350 China (Ningxia, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Shaanxi, Anhui, etc.)* O-CTS350* Japan (Aichi)* O-CTS10007/CTS926 China (esp. Hunan and Guangdong) O-M1310* O-Y172653/Y172877 Found in China (esp. Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Chongqing) and Japan* O-F1803/M1348 China (Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, etc.)** O-ACT721/ACT1038 Found sporadically in China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hainan, Tianjin, Beijing, Liaoning, Heilongjiang)** O-F789/M1283 Found in China (Blang,JOURNAL, Zhang, Xiaoming, Kampuansai, Jatupol, Qi, Xuebin, Yan, Shi, Yang, Zhaohui, Serey, Bun, Sovannary, Tuot, Bunnath, Long, Aun, Hong Seang, Samnom, Ham, Kutanan, Wibhu, Luo, Xin, Liao, Shiyu, Kangwanpong, Daoroong, Jin, Li, Shi, Hong, Su, Bing, An Updated Phylogeny of the Human Y-Chromosome Lineage O2a-M95 with Novel SNPs, PLOS ONE, 27 June 2014, 9, 6, e101020, 10.1371/journal.pone.0101020, 24972021, 4074153, 2014PLoSO...9j1020Z, free, Palaung, Wa, Dai,JOURNAL, Lippold, Sebastian, Xu, Hongyang, Ko, Albert, Li, Mingkun, Renaud, Gabriel, Butthof, Anne, Schröder, Roland, Stoneking, Mark, Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences, Investigative Genetics, December 2014, 5, 1, 13, 10.1186/2041-2223-5-13, 25254093, 4174254, free, Yi, Naxi), Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore (Malay), Java, Borneo, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India (Tripura, Ho, Konda Dora, Gond)*** O-M1283* Lao IsanJOURNAL, Kutanan, Wibhu, Kampuansai, Jatupol, Srikummool, Metawee, Brunelli, Andrea, Ghirotto, Silvia, Arias, Leonardo, Macholdt, Enrico, Hübner, Alexander, Schröder, Roland, Stoneking, Mark, Contrasting Paternal and Maternal Genetic Histories of Thai and Lao Populations, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1 July 2019, 36, 7, 1490–1506, 30980085, 6573475, 10.1093/molbev/msz083, free, *** O-MF600645 Gansu (Hui, Dongxiang), Sichuan (Chengdu), Hunan (Yiyang)*** O-M1368 Singapore O-M1361* O-MF611153 Found sporadically in China (Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guangxi, Jiangxi)* O-A22938 Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City), China (Hong Kong, Qinzhou, Chongqing, Lijiang)** O-F2194 China (esp. Guangxi, with a few members in Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, etc.)** O-BY189914 China (mostly Guangdong, Guangxi)** O-F16163 China (Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, etc.), Taiwan*** O-F20644 China (Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Gansu, Hunan, Sichuan, etc.) O-SK1646 China (mostly Sichuan, but also Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, etc.)* O-Y9322 China (Dai in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Sichuan, etc.)** O-Y9325*** O-Z39485 China (Dai, Yi)*** O-Z39490 O-Z39490* Indonesia (Yogyakarta, Lebbo), Singapore (Malay) O-B421 Sichuan, Singapore (Malay), Java (Dieng), Madhya Pradesh (Gond), Saudi Arabia (ar-Riyāḍ)*** O-Y9033/B426 Laos (Laotian), Thailand (Blang, Khmu, Lawa, Htin, Padaung Karen, Tai Dam, Suay, Khmer, Mon, Lao Isan, Soa, Shan, Phutai, Nyaw, S'gaw Karen, Thai, Khon Mueang), Vietnam (Mang from Mường Tè District, Ede from Krông Buk District and Tuy An District, Kinh from Hoàng Mai District, Gia Lâm District, and Yên Phong District, Thái from Điện Biên Phủ, Giarai from Ayun Pa) O-Y9033* Indonesia (Jawa Tengah), India (Tripura, Konda Dora), Bangladesh O-M6661 Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City O-YP3930 Cambodia, Thailand (Mlabri, S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Tai Yuan), Laos (Laotian in Vientiane)** O-F1252 ***O-SK1630/F5504 China (esp. Sichuan and Guizhou, accounting for about 0.25% of the entire Chinese population)O-ACT5802*O-MF92614*O-F16061**O-MF286118 Found in two Han Chinese from Guangdong**O-F19607***O-SK1636 China (esp. Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Gansu, and Henan)***O-MF206811 China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Henan)***O-MF91645 China (Han from Mianyang, Tujia from Zhangjiajie)***O-Y68888 Russia (Ryazan Oblast)***O-F5506 Hmong (Hunan)BIORXIV, Xia, Zi-Yang, Yan, Shi, Wang, Chuan-Chao, Zheng, Hong-Xiang, Zhang, Fan, Liu, Yu-Chi, Yu, Ge, Yu, Bin-Xia, Shu, Li-Li, Jin, Li, Inland-coastal bifurcation of southern East Asians revealed by Hmong-Mien genomic history, 9 August 2019, 10.1101/730903, {{s2cid|202028061}} *** O-F2924 O-CTS5854* O-Z23810** O-CTS7399*** O-Y85641 Japan (Tokyo), China (esp. Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang)*** O-FGC19713/Y14026 Laos (Laotian in Vientiane and Luang Prabang), Thailand (Tai Dam, Tai Lue, Nyah Kur, Thai, Eastern Lawa), Vietnam (Thái from Bá Thước District and Tủa Chùa District, Hà Nhì from Mường Tè District) O-FGC19707* O-MF14427 China (esp. Jiangsu, Gansu, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi)* O-FGC19716 China (Hong Kong, Guangdong, Hunan, Chongqing)** O-FGC19718 China (esp. Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guangdong), Philippines (Capiz)* O-Z23849 China (Chongqing Han, Xishuangbanna Dai, Guangxi Zhuang, Guangdong, Shandong, Tianjin)** O-CTS651/CTS10484 Thailand (Tai Khün, Phuan, Tai Lue, Khon Mueang, Eastern Lawa, Lao Isan, Thai), Laos (Laotian in Vientiane), Vietnam (Dao and Nùng from Hoàng Su Phì District, Tày from Krông Pắk District, Hà Quảng District, and Đình Lập District)*** O-CTS10484* China (Guangxi)*** O-PH4310 China (Guangdong, Sichuan, Beijing), Singapore*** O-Z1018 China (Hunan, Xishuangbanna Dai, Guangxi)* O-Z23781 China (Henan)** O-F4229 Singapore*** O-F809 China (Xishuangbanna Dai, Guangdong, Chongqing) O-Z23795 China (esp. Zhejiang)* O-MF223122 China (Linyi, Mianyang)* O-A22937** O-BY50703*** O-MF169272 China (Daurs, Qiqihar, Harbin, Heihe, Hulunbuir, Xilingol League, Beijing)*** O-MF226417 China (Beijing, Hangzhou)** O-MF61630 China (Baoji, Hanzhong, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Yantai, Shaoxing)* O-F2517 China (Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, etc.)** O-MF5664** O-Z23790 O-M111/M88 Found frequently among Vietnamese,JOURNAL, Karafet, T. M., Hallmark, B., Cox, M. P., Sudoyo, H., Downey, S., Lansing, J. S., Hammer, M. F., Major East-West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1 August 2010, 27, 8, 1833–1844, 10.1093/molbev/msq063, 20207712, free, JOURNAL, Trejaut, Jean A, Poloni, Estella S, Yen, Ju-Chen, Lai, Ying-Hui, Loo, Jun-Hun, Lee, Chien-Liang, He, Chun-Lin, Lin, Marie, Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia, BMC Genetics, 2014, 15, 1, 77, 10.1186/1471-2156-15-77, 24965575, 4083334, free, Tai peoples (Bouyei, Zhuang,JOURNAL, Su, Bing, Xiao, Junhua, Underhill, Peter, Deka, Ranjan, Zhang, Weiling, Akey, Joshua, Huang, Wei, Shen, Di, Lu, Daru, Luo, Jingchun, Chu, Jiayou, Tan, Jiazhen, Shen, Peidong, Davis, Ron, Cavalli-Sforza, Luca, Chakraborty, Ranajit, Xiong, Momiao, Du, Ruofu, Oefner, Peter, Chen, Zhu, Jin, Li, Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age, The American Journal of Human Genetics, December 1999, 65, 6, 1718–1724, 10.1086/302680, 10577926, 1288383, JOURNAL, Jing, Chen, Hui, Li, Zhen-Dong, Qin, Wen-Hong, Liu, Wei-Xiong, Lin, Rui-Xing, Yin, Li, Jin, Shang-Ling, Pan, Y-chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations, Acta Genetica Sinica, December 2006, 33, 12, 1060–1072, 10.1016/S0379-4172(06)60143-1, 17185165, JOURNAL, Hammer, Michael F., Karafet, Tatiana M., Park, Hwayong, Omoto, Keiichi, Harihara, Shinji, Stoneking, Mark, Horai, Satoshi, Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes, Journal of Human Genetics, January 2006, 51, 1, 47–58, 10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0, 16328082, 6559289, free, Nùng, Tày, Thái people in Vietnam, Lao,JOURNAL, He, Jun-Dong, Peng, Min-Sheng, Quang, Huy Ho, Dang, Khoa Pham, Trieu, An Vu, Wu, Shi-Fang, Jin, Jie-Qiong, Murphy, Robert W., Yao, Yong-Gang, Zhang, Ya-Ping, Patrilineal Perspective on the Austronesian Diffusion in Mainland Southeast Asia, PLOS ONE, 7 May 2012, 7, 5, e36437, 10.1371/journal.pone.0036437, 22586471, 3346718, 2012PLoSO...736437H, free, Northeastern Thai, Northern Thai,Bing Su, Li Jin, Peter Underhill, et al. (2000), "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome." PNAS, vol. 97, no. 15, 8225–8228. general population of Bangkok), Lachi, Lô Lô, Hani-Akha,JOURNAL, Xue, Yali, Zerjal, Tatiana, Bao, Weidong, Zhu, Suling, Shu, Qunfang, Xu, Jiujin, Du, Ruofu, Fu, Songbin, Li, Pu, Hurles, Matthew E, Yang, Huanming, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times, Genetics, 1 April 2006, 172, 4, 2431–2439, 10.1534/genetics.105.054270, 16489223, 1456369, {{harvid, Xue, 2006, }} Bunu, She people, Cambodians, Kuy, Bru, and Htin, with a moderate distribution among Qiang, Bai,JOURNAL, Wen, Bo, The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation, Science in China Series C, 2004, 47, 1, 1–10, 10.1360/02yc0207, 15382670, 7999778, Yi, Bamar,JOURNAL, Peng, Min-Sheng, He, Jun-Dong, Fan, Long, Liu, Jie, Adeola, Adeniyi C, Wu, Shi-Fang, Murphy, Robert W, Yao, Yong-Gang, Zhang, Ya-Ping, Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data, European Journal of Human Genetics, August 2014, 22, 8, 1046–1050, 10.1038/ejhg.2013.272, 24281365, 4350590, Jingpo, Lahu, Tujia, Han Chinese, Miao, Pathen, Yao, Hlai, Taiwanese aborigines (especially Bunun), the Philippines, Malaysia (Kota Kinabalu), Kalimantan (Banjarmasin), Java, Chamic-speaking peoples (Cham from Bình Thuận, Ede, Jarai), and Kiribati* O-M111/M88* Northern Thailand (Htin, Lawa), Cambodia (Jarai, Brao, Kachac, Khmer, Lao, Lun), Yunnan (De'ang)* O-F2524** O-F2524* Jiangsu** O-F2346*** O-F2890 Thailand (Khon Mueang, Phuan, Shan, Htin, Tai Dam, Thai, Lawa, Lao Isan, Mon), Vietnam (Kinh from Gia Lâm District, Tày from Lục Yên District) O-F2890* Ho Chi Minh City O-Z24048* O-F18990 Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Xishuangbanna (Dai)* O-Z24050** O-Z24050* Xishuangbanna (Dai)** O-ACT7172 Guangdong** O-Y151536*** O-Z22028 Hunan, Anhui, Guangdong*** O-Y151537 O-Y151537* Hunan O-ACT523* O-ACT505 Guangdong* O-ACT502 Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi*** O-F2758 Vietnam (Kinh, Lahu, Dao, Pathen, Tày, Thái, Ede, Giarai), Cambodia (Kuy, Tampuan, Khmer), Thailand (Phutai, Bru, Tai Khün, Phuan, Tai Dam, Shan, Khon Mueang, Mon, Lao Isan, Tai Lue, Htin, Lawa, Khmu, Kaleun, Nyaw, Suay, Thai), Laos (Laotian in Luang Prabang), Yunnan (Bulang, De'ang) O-F2758* China (Miao, Hunan) O-Z24083* O-Z24083* Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)* O-Z24089** O-SK1627/Z24091 Vietnam (Lô Lô from Mèo Vạc District, La Chí and Nùng from Hoàng Su Phì District, Hà Nhì from Mường Tè District, Tày from Chợ Đồn District and Đăk Mil District, Ede from Ea Kar District, Kinh from Nghĩa Hưng District), Thailand (Soa, Saek, Phutai, Suay, Tai Dam, S'gaw Karen, Nyah Kur, Khmer, Lawa, Lao Isan, Mon, Thai), Laos (Laotian in Vientiane)*** O-Z24091* China (Hebei, Xishuangbanna Dai), Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City)*** O-Y26364 O-Y26364* Thailand (Phutai from Sakon Nakhon Province) O-Y26370 China (Tujia), Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City)** O-F923*** O-F923* Xishuangbanna (Dai), Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)*** O-Z24154 Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)*** O-CTS2022 O-CTS2022* Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh) O-F3053 Thailand (Tai Lue, Khon Mueang)* O-F3053* Cambodian* O-F4383/F1399 Vietnam (Nùng from Hoàng Su Phì District)** O-F4383/F1399* China (Han from Chongqing), Singapore** O-F14994 Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City), Singapore** O-F2415 Thailand (Tai Lue, Khon Mueang, Lao Isan, Mon, Thai), China (Dai from Xishuangbanna, Yongbei Zhuang from Guangxi, Han from Hunan)

• O-M176
  • O-K4: Found frequently among Koreans and with a moderate distribution among Japanese, Ryukyuans, Daurs, Evenks, Hezhe, Manchus, and Sibe. Also found sporadically (