GetWiki
Faustina Kowalska
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
being →
database →
ethics →
fiction →
history →
internet →
language →
linux →
logic →
method →
news →
policy →
purpose →
religion →
science →
software →
truth →
unix →
wiki →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay →
feed →
help →
system →
wiki →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical →
forked →
imported →
original →
Faustina Kowalska
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{short description|Nun and saint from Poland}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
---|---|
Early life
(File:Akt urodzenia Heleny Kowalskiej.jpg|thumb|The registered birth certificate of Helena Kowalska)She was born Helena Kowalska on 25 August 1905 in GÅogowiec, ÅÄczyca County, northwest of Åódź, in Poland. She was the third of ten children of StanisÅaw Kowalski and Marianna Kowalska. Her father was a carpenter and a peasant, and the family was poor and religious.Odell, Catherine M. (1998). p. 14.She later stated that she first felt a calling to the religious life while she attended the Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament at the age of seven.{{sfn|Guiley|2001|p=106}} She wanted to enter the convent after she had completed her time at school, but her parents would not give her permission. When she was 16, she went to work as a housekeeper, first in Aleksandrów Åódzki, where she received the Sacrament of Confirmation, then in Åódź, to support herself and to help her parents.Vatican web site: Biography of Faustina Kowalska.Entering a Warsaw convent
In 1924, at the age of 18 and a half, Kowalska went with her sister Natalia to a dance in a park in Åódź. Kowalska said that at the dance, she had a vision of a suffering Jesus, who she believed asked her: 'How long shall I put up with you and how long will you keep putting Me off?"Diary of St. Faustina, par. 9 She then went to the Åódź Cathedral, where, as she later said, Jesus instructed her to depart for Warsaw immediately and to enter a convent.{{sfn|Guiley|2001|pp=106-107}} She took a train for Warsaw, some {{Convert|85|mi|km}} away, without asking her parents' permission and despite the fact that she knew nobody in Warsaw. The only belongings she took were the dress that she was wearing. The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Divine Mercy In My Soul, Saint Faustina Kowalska, 2002, Marians of the Immaculate Conception (Notebook I, items 10 and 11).In 1925, Kowalska worked as a housemaid to save the money she needed, making deposits at the convent throughout the year and was finally accepted, as the Mother Superior had promised. On 30 April 1926, at the age of 20 years, she was clothed in the habit and received the religious name Maria Faustina of the Blessed Sacrament.BOOK, Catherine M., Odell, Faustina. The Apostle of Divine Mercy, 1998, Our Sunday Visitor, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, Huntington, Indiana, 978-08-7973-923-2, 191â194, Richard Torretto sees it as the feminine form of the name of a Roman martyr Faustinus, who was killed in AD 120.{{sfn|Torretto|2010|p=10}} In April 1928, having completed the novitiate, she took her first religious vows as a nun, with her parents attending the rite.From February to April 1929, she was posted to the convent in Wilno, then in Poland, now known as Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, where she served as a cook. Although her first posting to Vilnius was short, she returned there later and met the priest Michael SopoÄko, who supported her mission. A year after her first return from Vilnius, in May 1930, she was transferred to the convent in PÅock, Poland, for almost two years.Life as nun
PÅock and Divine Mercy image
{{Divine Mercy}}Kowalska arrived in PÅock in May 1930. That year, the first signs of her illness, which was later thought to be tuberculosis, appeared, and she was sent to rest for several months in a nearby farm owned by her congregation. After her recovery, she returned to the convent, and by February 1931, she had been in the PÅock area for about nine months.Kowalska wrote that on the night of Sunday, 22 February 1931, while she was in her cell in PÅock, Jesus appeared wearing a white garment with red and pale rays emanating from his heart.Odell, Catherine M. (1998). pp. 63-64. In her diary (Notebook I, Items 47 and 48), she wrote that Jesus told her:Paint an image according to the pattern you see, with the signature: "Jesus, I trust in You" (in Polish: "Jezu, ufam Tobie"). I desire that this image be venerated, first in your chapel, and then throughout the world. I promise that the soul that will venerate this image will not perish.{{sfn|Drake|2002|pp=89-90}}Diary of St. Faustina, par. 47.Not knowing how to paint, Kowalska approached some other nuns at the convent in PÅock for help, but she received no assistance.Odell, Catherine M. (1998). pp. 65-75. Three years later, after her assignment to Vilnius, the first artistic rendering of the image was produced under her direction.In the same 22 February 1931 message about the Divine Mercy image, as Kowalska also wrote in (Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul|her diary) (Notebook I, item 49), Jesus told her that he wanted the Divine Mercy image to be "solemnly blessed on the first Sunday after Easter Sunday; that Sunday is to be the Feast of Mercy."Odell, Catherine M. (1998). p. 66.In November 1932, Kowalska returned to Warsaw to prepare to take her final vows as a nun, by which she would become in perpetuity a sister of Our Lady of Mercy. The ceremony took place on 1 May 1933, in Åagiewniki.Vilnius and meeting SopoÄko
{{See also|Chaplet of Divine Mercy}}In late May 1933, Kowalska was transferred to Vilnius to work as the gardener; her tasks included growing vegetables. She remained in Vilnius for about three years, until March 1936. The convent in Vilnius then had only 18 sisters and was housed in a few scattered small houses, rather than a large building.Odell, Catherine M. (1998). pp. 82-95.(File:Faustyna Kowalska-Wilno.JPG|thumb|180px|left|The small convent building where Kowalska lived in Vilnius)Shortly after arriving in Vilnius, Kowalska met the priest Michael SopoÄko, the newly appointed confessor to the nuns. He was also a professor of pastoral theology at Stefan Batory University, now called Vilnius University.When Kowalska went for the first time to this priest for confession, she told him that she had been conversing with Jesus, who had a plan for her. After some time, SopoÄko insisted on a complete psychiatric evaluation of Kowalska by Helena Maciejewska, a psychiatrist and a physician associated with the convent. This took place in 1933 and Kowalska passed the required tests and was declared of sound mind.- Great Women of Faith by Sue Stanton, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-8091-4123-4}}. p. 30.
- New Catholic encyclopedia: jubilee volume, the WojtyÅa years by Berard L. Marthaler, Richard E.McCarron and Gregory F. LaNave 2000. {{ISBN|0-7876-4787-X}}. p. 528.
Kraków and final years
In 1936, SopoÄko wrote the first brochure on the Divine Mercy devotion, and JaÅbrzykowski provided his imprimatur for it. The brochure carried the Divine Mercy image on the cover. SopoÄko sent copies of the brochure to Kowalska in Warsaw.Odell, Catherine M. (1998). p. 119. Eventually he became the main promoter of her revelations.WEB, February 15, 2021, The Priest Who First Believed Faustina,weblink The Divine Mercy, File:Sanktuarium MiÅosierdzia Bożego w Krakowie-Åagiewnikach12.JPG|thumb|Chapel of Saint Faustina Kowalska at her resting place, the Basilica of Divine Mercy in Kraków, Åagiewniki]]Later in 1936, Kowalska became ill with what has since been speculated to be tuberculosis. She was moved to the sanatorium in PrÄ dnik, Kraków. She continued to spend much time in prayer in reciting the chaplet and praying for the conversion of sinners. The last two years of her life were spent praying and keeping her diary.- Odell, Catherine M. (1998). pp. 123 et passim.
- John J. Cleary, 15 Days of Prayer With Saint Faustina Kowalska, New City Press, 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-56548350-7}}. p. 101.
Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul
{{Christian mysticism}}Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul was written by Kowalska.Saints of the Jubilee by Tim Drake 2002 {{ISBN|978-1-4033-1009-5}} pp. 85-95 The book is based on the contents of her diary from 1925 until her death in 1938.A Divine Mercy Resource by Richard Torretto 2010 {{ISBN|1-4502-3236-1}} pp. 84-85It was while assigned to Vilnius that Kowalska was advised by her confessor, Michael SopoÄko, to keep a diary and record her apparitions. Kowalska's diary is the only mystical text composed in Polish.WEB,weblink John L. Allen Jr, "A saint despite Vatican reservations" (National Catholic Reporter, 30 August 2002), Natcath.org, 30 August 2002, 28 April 2014, The handwritten pages of Kowalska's diary turned into about 700 printed pages, published as the book Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul. It reflects her thoughts, prayers and reported visions and conversations with Jesus on divine mercy. Kowalska's Vatican biography quotes some of her reported conversations with Jesus from her diary.Vatican biography of Faustina KowalskaIn March 1959, the Holy Office issued a notification, signed by Hugh O'Flaherty as notary, that forbade circulation of "images and writings that promote devotion to Divine Mercy in the forms proposed by Sister Faustina" (emphasis in the original).WEB,weblink Acta Apostolicae Sedis LI (1959), p. 271, 28 April 2014, 3 March 2013,weblink dead, It is claimed the negative judgement of the Holy Office was based on misunderstanding due to the latter's use of a faulty French or Italian translation of the diary. However, at the time, the ban was due to "serious theological reservations and what Vatican evaluators felt to be an excessive focus on Kowalska herself."The ban on her work remained in place for almost two decades, but was reversed in 1978. On 15 April 1978, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a new notification that rescinded the previous one and reversed the ban on circulation of Kowalska's work. It decreed: "This Sacred Congregation, in view of the many original documents that were unknown in 1959, giving consideration to the profoundly changed circumstances, and taking into account the view of many Polish ordinaries, declares no longer binding the prohibitions contained in the cited 'notification{{'"}}.Acta Apostolicae Sedis LXX (1978), p. 350.Devotion to Divine Mercy
Spread of devotion
Before her death, Kowalska predicted that "there will be a war, a terrible, terrible war" and asked the nuns to pray for Poland. In 1939, a year after Kowalska's death, Romuald JaÅbrzykowski noticed that her predictions about the war had taken place and allowed public access to the Divine Mercy image, which resulted in large crowds that led to the spread of the Divine Mercy devotion.BOOK, Odell, Catherine.,weblink Faustina : apostle of Divine Mercy, 1998, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc, 0-87973-923-1, Huntington, Ind., 153â160, 40062944, The devotion became a source of strength and inspiration for many people in Poland. By 1941, the devotion had reached the United States, and millions of copies of Divine Mercy prayer cards had been printed and distributed worldwide.{{sfn|Drake|2002|pp=85-95}}In 1942, JaÅbrzykowski was arrested by the Nazis, and SopoÄko and other professors went into hiding near Vilnius for about two years. During that period, SopoÄko used his time to prepare for the establishment of a new religious congregation, based on the Divine Mercy messages reported by Kowalska. After the war, SopoÄko wrote the constitution for the congregation and helped the formation of what is now the Congregation of the Sisters of the Divine Mercy.Vatican biography of Michael Sopocko. By 1951, thirteen years after Kowalska's death, there were 150 Divine Mercy centers in Poland.The Divine Mercy website of the Marian Fathers: "A Priest after My Own Heart".On 24 June 1956, Pope Pius XII blessed an Image of the Divine Mercy in Rome, the only one blessed by a pope before the Second Vatican Council.weblink" title="archive.today/20130706221329weblink">The Pallotine Fathers: "le Saint Père - PIE XII, a béni l'Icône de Jésus Miséricordieux, le 24 juin 1956 à Rome. Dès la bénédiction papale accordée, l'image est revenue en France. A notre connaissance, cette icône de Jésus Miséricordieux d'Osny, est l'unique icône au monde, bénie par le Saint Père avant le Concile Vatican II." In 1955, under Pope Pius XII, the Bishop of Gorzów founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Lord Jesus Christ, Merciful Redeemer, to spread devotion to the Divine Mercy.- The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Divine Mercy In My Soul, Saint Faustina Kowalska, 2003, Marian Press. {{ISBN|1-59614-110-7}} (Note 96). "Saint Faustina wrote that the Lord Jesus was demanding from her the founding of a new community, whose aim would be to pray for Divine Mercy for the world and to spread the devotion of The Divine Mercy ... On August 2, 1955, the Ordinary of Gorzow... on the basis of special authorization, established the Congregation of the Most Holy Lord Jesus Christ, Merciful Redeemer, whose aim was to spread the cult of The Divine Mercy".
- This website gives information on the Congregation of the Sisters of Merciful Jesus foundation as an association in 1942 and as a congregation of diocesan right (originally under the name "Sisters of Jesus Christ the Merciful Redeemer") on 2 August 1955 and received papal approval on 13 May 2008. It also gives information on the more recent Community of the Brothers of Merciful Jesus and Institute of Divine Mercy. Under both Pope Pius XI and Pope Pius XII, writings on devotion to the Divine Mercy were given imprimaturs by many bishops, making it an approved devotion.
- The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Divine Mercy In My Soul, Saint Faustina Kowalska, 2003, Marian Press. {{ISBN|1-59614-110-7}} (Note 136).
- "Probably Father SopoÄko's pamphlet called Milosierdzie Boze (Studium teologiczne-praktyczne) [The Divine Mercy (A Theological - Practical Study)], published in Vilnius in 1936. Imprimatur was given by Bishop Romuald on June 30, 1936, No. R. 298/36 (A. SF.). The cover of the pamphlet showed a color copy of Eugene Kazimierowski's image painted in Vilnius."
- The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Divine Mercy In My Soul, Saint Faustina Kowalska, 2003, Marian Press. {{ISBN|1-59614-110-7}} (Note 208).
- "Reference is to the imprimatur of two publications: 1. An image of Jesus with the Chaplet to The Divine Mercy on the back, for which Fr. SopoÄko obtained permission in Vilnius on Sept. 1, 1937 (No. R. 200/ 37); 2. A small pamphlet under the title Chrystus Krol Milosierdzia (Christ King of Mercy), which included the novena, the chaplet and the litany to The Divine Mercy. The imprimatur was granted by the Metropolitan Curia in Cracow (L. 671/37). Both were published by the J. Cebulski Publishing House, 22 Szewska St., Cracow." Cardinals Adam Stefan Sapieha and August Hlond were among those who gave their approval.The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Divine Mercy In My Soul, Saint Faustina Kowalska, 2003, Marian Press. {{ISBN|1-59614-110-7}} (Note 89). During the papacy of Pope Pius XII, Vatican Radio broadcast several times about the Divine Mercy.WEB,weblink Vatican Radio talks about Divine Mercy... in 1948!, Thedivinemercy.org, 19 October 2005, 28 April 2014,
Sainthood
{{see also|Divine Mercy Sunday}}(File:Sw faustyna 01.jpg|thumb|Faustyna Kowalska)In 1965, with the approval of the Holy Office, Karol WojtyÅa, then Archbishop of Kraków and later Pope John Paul II, opened the initial informative process into Kowalska's life and virtues, interviewed witnesses and, in 1967, submitted a number of documents about Kowalska to the Vatican and requested the start of the official process of her beatification. That was begun in 1968 and concluded with her beatification on 18 April 1993.Odell, Catherine M. (1998). pp. 153-160. She was canonised on 30 April 2000, and her feast day is 5 October.The Holy See's Press Office biography provided on the occasion of her canonization quotes some of her reputed conversations with Jesus. The author and priest Benedict Groeschel considers a modest estimate of the following of the Divine Mercy devotion in 2010 to be over 100 million Catholics.Am With You Always by Benedict Groeschel 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-58617-257-2}}. p. 548. Pope John Paul II said, "The message she brought is the appropriate and incisive answer that God wanted to offer to the questions and expectations of human beings in our time, marked by terrible tragedies. Jesus said to Sr. Faustina one day: 'Humanity will never find peace until it turns with trust to the Divine Mercy.'"Pope John Paul II, Divine Mercy Sunday Homily, 22 April 2001.In October 2011, a group of cardinals and bishops sent a petition to Pope Benedict XVI for Kowalska to be made a Doctor of the Church.Anita S. Bourdin, St. Faustina â Doctor of the Church?On the 100th anniversary of the birth of Pope John Paul II, 18 May 2020, Kowalska was added by Pope Francis to the General Roman Calendar as an optional memorial.NEWS, Pope Francis adds feast of Saint Faustina to Roman Calendar,weblink 20 May 2020, Vatican News, 18 May 2020,Miracles
The formal beatification of Kowalska involved the case of Maureen Digan of Massachusetts.WEB, 2011-09-19, Amazing phenomenon,weblink 2020-12-29,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110919092607weblink">weblink 19 September 2011, In March 1981 Digan reported a healing, while she was praying at the tomb of Kowalska.{{sfn|Drake|2002|pp=85-95}} Digan had suffered from lymphedema, a disease that causes significant swelling from fluid retention, for decades and had undergone ten operations, including a leg amputation. Digan reported that while she prayed at Kowalska's tomb, she heard a voice saying "ask for my help and I will help you", and her constant pain stopped. After two days, Digan reported that her foot, which had previously been too large for her shoe because of her body's liquid retention, was healed.BOOK, Odell, Catherine.,weblink Faustina : apostle of Divine Mercy, 1998, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc, 0-87973-923-1, Huntington, Ind., 159â160, 40062944, Upon her return to the United States, five Boston-area physicians said that she was healed, and the case was declared miraculous by the Vatican in 1992 based on the additional testimony of over 20 witnesses about her prior condition.Films
- (Divine Mercy: No Escape) (United States, 1987)
- Divine Mercy: Sa Buhay ni Sister Faustina ("In the Life of Sister Faustina"; Philippines, 1993)
- Faustina (Poland, 1995)
- The Last Appeal: The Life of Faustina The Apostle of Divine Mercy (2009)Worldcat. Vision Video, 2009. Accessed June 2021.weblink
- (Love and Mercy: Faustina) (Poland, 2019)Ruprecht, Sr. Hosea. Love and Mercy: Faustina 12/5/2019.weblink
See also
- (Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/October 5|Saint Faustina, patron saint archive)
References
{{Reflist}}Sources
- BOOK, Drake, Tim, Saints of the Jubilee, 2002, AuthorHouse, 978-1-4033-1009-5,
- BOOK, Guiley, Rosemary Ellen, The Encyclopedia of Saints,weblink registration, 2001, 0-8160-4134-2, Facts on File,
- Kowalska, Faustina. 2020. Diary: Divine mercy in my soul. Krakow: Misericordia. Online at . Diary: Divine mercy in My Soul. The Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska, 2003. {{ISBN|1-59614-110-7}}
- BOOK, Torretto, Richard, A Divine Mercy Resource, 2010, iUniverse, 978-1-4502-3236-4,
- Vatican biography of Faustina Kowalska
External links
{{Commons|Faustyna Kowalska}}{{Catholic saints|state=collapsed}}{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Saints |portal4= Poland}}{{Authority control}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Faustina Kowalska" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 3:08pm EDT - Thu, Apr 25 2024
- "Faustina Kowalska" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 3:08pm EDT - Thu, Apr 25 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 23 MAY 2022
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
GetWiki
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED