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Battle of Changde
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Battle of Changde
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{Short description|Battle during the Second Sino-Japanese War}}{{More citations needed|date=May 2010}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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Japanese offensive
File:Location of Changde Prefecture within Hunan (China).png|thumb|Location of Changde within Hunan Province of China ]]On 2 November 1943 Isamu Yokoyama, commander of the Imperial Japanese 11th Army, deployed the 39th, 58th, 13th, 3rd, 116th and 68th divisionsâa total of around 60,000 troopsâto attack Changde from the north and the east. The Changde region was defended by the Chinese 6th War Zone's 10th, 26th, 29th and 33rd Army Groups, as well as a river defense force and two other corps, for a total of 14 corps.On 14 November the Japanese 13th Division, with aid from collaborators, drove south and broke through the defensive lines of the Chinese 10th and the 29th Group Armies. On 16 November, Japanese airborne forces landed in Taoyuan County to support the assault on the city proper. At the same time, the Japanese 3rd and 116th Divisions also joined the combined assault. The city was guarded by one Chinese division - the 74th Corps' 57th. Division commander Yu Chengwan led 8,000 men to fight against the two invading Japanese divisions. Despite being outnumbered by more than three to one, the Chinese stubbornly held onto the city. Eleven days and nights of fierce fighting saw heavy casualties on both sides. When the Chinese reinforcements finally arrived in the city, they managed to evacuate the remaining 100 survivors in the 57th Division, all of whom were wounded, from the city. On 6 December the city of Changde fell to the Japanese control.While the Chinese 57th Division pinned down the Japanese in the city, the rest of the 74th Corps, as well as the 18th, 73rd, 79th and 100th Corps and the 9th War Zone's 10th Corps, 99th Corps and Jiangxi's 58th Corps, arrived at the battlefield, forming a counter-encirclement on the Japanese forces.Chinese counteroffensive
Fang Xianjue's 10th Corps was first to strike, successfully retaking Deshan on 29 November before attacking the Japanese positions at Changde from the south. Unable to withstand the fierce Chinese assault, the Japanese utilized chemical weapons.BOOK, Agar, Jon, Science in the 20th Century and Beyond, Polity, 2012, 9780745634692, 281, The battle lasted for six days and nights, during which the Chinese Reserve 10th Division's commander Lieutenant General Sun Mingjin received 5 gunshot wounds to the body and was killed in action.At this time other Chinese units were also pressing onto the Japanese positions. On 11 December Chinese reinforcements broke through the Japanese lines and into the city, which resulted in intense house-to-house fighting. The Chinese then proceeded to cut the Japanese supply lines. Depleted of food and ammunition, the Japanese retreated on 13 December. The Chinese pursued them for more than 20 days. By 5 January 1944 Japanese forces had withdrawn to their original positions before the offensive. Following the battle, the Chinese displayed an array of captured Japanese weapons and equipment, as well as numerous Japanese troops taken as prisoners, for inspection by allied military observers.During this campaign, apart from the Reserve 10th Division's Sun Mingjin, two other Chinese division commanders were killed: the 44th Corps' 150th Division's Lieutenant General Xu Guozhang was killed at Taifushan in Changde's northwest, aged 37, while the 73rd corps' 5th Division's Lieutenant General Peng Shiliang((:zh:å½å£«é)) was killed at the Taoyuan-Shimen line, aged 38.The Changde campaign saw the largest participation of the Chinese air force since the Battle of Wuhan.Reporter Israel Epstein witnessed and reported on the battle. Witold Urbanowicz, a Polish fighter ace engaged in air combat over China in 1943, saw the city just after the battle.(File:Changde prisoners.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese prisoners taken at Changde.)In pop culture
The 2010 Chinese war film Death and Glory in Changde is based on the events in this battle.See also
(Order of Battle: Battle of Changde)References
{{Reflist}}Sources
- BOOK, Hsu, Long-hsuen, Chang, Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937â1945), 2nd, 1971, Wen, Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing, Taipei, 412â416 Map 38,
- BOOK, Daniel, Barenblatt, A Plague Upon Humanity, Harper Collins, 2004, 220â221,
External links
{{Commons category|Battle of Changde}}- Axis History Forum Index; WW2 in the Pacific & Asia; Battle of Changde Order of Battle and Map, Photos from Changde () War Memorial
- RESISTANCE WARS; Campaign of E-Xi, Battle Of Changde
- Captured Japanese soldier
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- "Battle of Changde" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 9:17pm EDT - Wed, Apr 24 2024
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