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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}{{Year dab|1159}}{{Year nav|1159}}{{C12 year in topic}}Year 1159 (MCLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

• September 7 – Pope Alexander III succeeds Pope Adrian IV, as the 170th pope.JOURNAL, Barlow, Frank, April 1936, The English, Norman, and French Councils Called to Deal with the Papal Schism of 1159, The English Historical Review, 51, 202, 264–268, 10.1093/ehr/LI.CCII.264, 0013-8266, In September 1159 Pope Adrian IV died, and a double election was made to the Papacy. The imperialist faction chose Octavian, cardinal-priest of St. Cecilia, who took the title of Victor IV, and the church party Roland, the chancellor, who became known as Alexander III., 553521, BOOK,weblink The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature, Dolan, Terence, Cambridge University Press, 2002, 9780521890465, Wallace, David, Cambridge and New York, 208, en, Chapter 8: Writing in Ireland, 1999, BOOK,weblink Romanism as it is: An Exposition of the Roman Catholic System, for the Use of the American People Embracing a Full Account of Its Origin and Development at Rome and from Rome, Its Distinctive Features in Theory and Practice, Its Characteristic Tendencies and Aims, Its Statistical and Moral Position, and Its Special Relations to American Institutions and Liberties; the Whole Drawn from Official and Authentic Sources, and Enriched with Numerous Illustrations, Documentary, Historical, Descriptive, Anecdotical and Pictorial: Together with a Full and Complete Index, and an Appendix of Matters from 1871 to 1876, Barnum, Samuel Weed, Connecticut Publishing Company, 1876, Hartford, CT, 11, en,
• The Heiji Rebellion breaks out in Japan.BOOK,weblink How To Read World History in Art: From the Code of Hammurabit to September 11, Febbraro, Flavio, Shwetje, Burkhard, Abrams Books, 2010, 9780810996830, New York, 100, en, JOURNAL, Matsunami, Yoshihiro, 1979, Conflict within the Development of Buddhism, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 6, 1/2, 329–345, 10.18874/jjrs.6.1-2.1979.329-345, 0304-1042, Wars, beginning with the Hogen rebellion of 1156 and the Heiji rebellion of 1159, occurred in rapid succession, bringing confusion and chaos to the people., 30233204, free, BOOK,weblink Authorizing the Shogunate: Ritual and Material Symbolism in the Literary Construction of Warrior Order, Selinger, Vyjayanthi R., BRILL, 2013, 9789004255333, Leiden, Boston, 1, en, Chapter 1: Genpei Jōsuiki and the Historical Narration of the Genpei War,
• Tunis is reconquered from the Normans, by the Almohad caliphs.BOOK,weblink The Normans and Their Adversaries at War: Essays in Memory of C. Warren Hollister, Abels, Richard Philip, Bachrach, Bernard S., Boydell & Brewer, 2001, 9780851158471, Woodbridge, UK, Rochester, NY, 99, en, BOOK,weblink Historical Dictionary of Tunisia, Perkins, Kenneth J., Rowman & Littlefield, 2016, 9781442273184, Third, Lanham, MA, Boulder, CO, New York, London, 197, en, BOOK,weblink The Rough Guide to Tunisia, Jacobs, Daniel, Morris, Peter, Rough Guides, 2001, 9781858287485, London and New York, 432, en,
• (Approximate date): Churchman Richard FitzNeal is appointed Lord High Treasurer in England, in charge of Henry II of England's Exchequer, an office he will hold for almost 40 years.BOOK,weblink Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals, Tout, Thomas Frederick, Manchester University Press, 1920, 1, Manchester and New York, 88, en, BOOK,weblink The Cartulary of Chatteris Abbey, Abbey, Chatteris, Boydell Press, 1999, 9780851157504, Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY, 29, en, JOURNAL, Karn, Nicholas, 2007, Nigel, bishop of Ely, and the restoration of the exchequer after the 'anarchy' of King Stephen's reign, Historical Research, en, 80, 209, 299–314, 10.1111/j.1468-2281.2006.00392.x, 1468-2281, The author of the Liber Eliensis indicates that Richard was appointed in 1159, during the preparations for the Toulouse campaign,

Births

• Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (d. 1189)BOOK,weblink The Columbia Anthology of Japanese Essays: Zuihitsu from the Tenth to the Twenty-First Century, Carter, Steven D., Columbia University Press, 2014, 9780231537551, New York, 162, en, BOOK,weblink A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower, Henshall, K., Springer, 2012, 9780230369184, London and New York, 32, en, 1999, JOURNAL, Miyawaki–okada, Junko, 1 January 2006, The Japanese Origin of the Chinggis Khan Legends, Inner Asia, en, 8, 1, 123–34, 10.1163/146481706793646819, 2210-5018, Minamoto no Yoshitsune, or Gen Gikei as his name is in Sino-Japanese pronunciation, was born in 1159 as a half brother of Minamoto no Yoritomo,

Deaths

• May 30 – Wladislaus II, the Exile of Poland (b. 1105)BOOK,weblink Rome, Constantinople and Newly-converted Europe: Archaeological and Historical Evidence, Salamon, Maciej, Hardt, Matthias, Kruk, MirosÅ‚aw Piotr, Sulikowska, Aleksandra, Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas, 2012, 9788389499851, Kraków, Leipzig, Rzeszów, Warszawa, 215, en, The Archetypal Crusader. Henry of Sandomierz, the Second Youngest Son of BolesÅ‚aw III by Darius Von Güttner-SporzyÅ„ski, Within the decade of his birth Henry’s father died, and Henry’s elder half-brother WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw ii Wygnaniec (the exile [1105-1159]) ascended the Polish throne., BOOK,weblink Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300, Berend, Nora, UrbaÅ„czyk, PrzemysÅ‚aw, Wiszewski, PrzemysÅ‚aw, Cambridge University Press, 2013, 9781107651395, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks, Cambridge and New York, 175, en,
• August 29 – Bertha of Sulzbach, Byzantine Empress (b. 1110s)BOOK,weblink Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204, Garland, Lynda, Routledge, 1999, 9781134756391, London and New York, 201, en, BOOK,weblink A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187, Runciman, Steven, University Press, 1954, 9780521061636, 359, en, About the end of the year 1159 the Empress Irene, born Bertha of Sulzbach, had died leaving only a daughter behind her.,
• September 1 – Pope Adrian IV (b. c. 1100)BOOK,weblink Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia, Eden, Bradford Lee, Routledge, 2004, 9781135948801, Kleinhenz, Christopher, New York and London, 487, en, BOOK,weblink Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes, Williams, George L., McFarland, 2004, 9780786420711, Jefferson, NC and London, 25, en, BOOK,weblink Historical Tables 58 BC – AD 1990, Steinberg, S. H., Springer, 1991, 9781349127467, 12th, London and Basigstoke, 45, en, 1939,
• October 11 – William of Blois, Count of Boulogne and Earl of Surrey (b. c. 1137)BOOK,weblink The History of England: From the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of William and Mary in 1688, Lingard, John, James Duffy & Sons, 1874, Dublin, 216, en, Chapter VIII: William I, Surnamed The Conqueror, BOOK,weblink Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230, McDougall, Sara, Oxford University Press, 2017, 9780198785828, Oxford and New York, 202, en, In 1159 William "Longsword", count of Boulogne, earl of Warenne by right of his wife, the son of King Stephen of England and his wife Matilda of Boulogne, died without issue.,
• Joscelin II, Count of EdessaBOOK,weblink Texts, documents, and artefacts [electronic resource]: Islamic studies in honour of D.S. Richards, Hillenbrand, Carol, BRILL, 2003, 9789004128644, Robinson, Chase F., Leiden, Boston, 91, en, The Imprisonment of Reynald at Châtillon, BOOK,weblink The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335), Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan, BRILL, 2011, 9789004186354, Leiden, Boston, 36, en, BOOK,weblink The A to Z of the Crusades, Slack, Corliss K., Scarecrow Press, 2003, 9780810863316, Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK, 84, en,

References

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